1、Designation: C 110 08Standard Test Methods forPhysical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, andLimestone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover physical testing o
3、f quicklimeand hydrated lime, and of limestone not otherwise covered inASTM standards.2NOTE 1Quicklime and hydrated lime have a high affinity for moistureand carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect both hydrated andquicklime during sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).1.2 The
4、 test procedures appear in the following order:SectionAir Entrainment 8Apparent Loose Density of Hydrated Lime, PulverizedQuicklime, and Limestone 19Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, PulverizedQuicklime, and Limestone 20Autoclave Expansion of Hydrated Lime 9Dry Brightness of Pulverized Limes
5、tone 12Dry Screening by Air Jet Sieve 18Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by AirPermeability 16Limestone Grindability 13Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone 17Plasticity of Lime Putty 6Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime 10Residue and Sieve Analysis 15Settling Rate of Hydrated Lim
6、e 14Slaking Rate of Quicklime 11Specific Gravity of Hydrated Lime Products 21Standard Consistency of Lime Putty 5Water Retention of Hydrated Lime 7Wet Sieve Analysis of Agricultural Liming Materials 221.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses ar
7、e mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
8、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 28/C 28M Specification for Gypsum PlastersC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packag-ing, and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC51 Termi
9、nology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C91 Specification for Masonry CementC 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-m (No.200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Wa
10、shingC 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the Laborator
11、yC 204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC 207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC 230/C 230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Testsof Hydraulic CementC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC
12、305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC 430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 onLime and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.06 on Physical Tests.C
13、urrent edition approved June 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 11006.2For tests on limestone as aggregate, see Vol 04.02 of the Annual Book of ASTMStandards. For tests on limestone as building stone, see Vol 04.05 of the AnnualBook
14、of ASTM Standards.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at t
15、he end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the 45-m (No. 325) SieveC 472 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gyp-sum Plasters and Gypsum ConcreteC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC
16、670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate toTesting SizeC 778 Specification for Standard SandC 1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the P
17、hysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC 1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-CementGrout (Nonshrink)D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specificat
18、ionsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise specified, for definitionsof terms used in this standard see Terminology C51.4. General Procedures4.1 SamplingSamples of lime and limestone for physicala
19、nalysis shall be taken and prepared in accordance with therequirements of Practice C50applicable to the material to betested.4.2 Calculation:4.2.1 The calculations included in the individual proceduressometimes assume that the exact weight specified has beenused. Accurately weighed samples which are
20、 approximatelybut not exactly equal to the weight specified may be usedprovided appropriate corrections are made in the calculation.Unless otherwise stated, weights of all samples and residuesshould be recorded to the nearest 0.0001 g.4.2.2 In all mathematical operations on a set of observedvalues,
21、the equivalent of two more places of figures than in thesingle observed values shall be retained. For example, ifobserved values are read or determined to the nearest 0.1 mg,carry numbers to the nearest 0.001 mg in calculation.4.3 Rounding FiguresRounding of figures to the nearestsignificant place r
22、equired in the report should be done after thecalculations are completed, in order to keep the final resultsfree from calculation errors. The rounding procedure shouldfollow the principle outlined in Practice E29.PLASTIC PROPERTY TESTING5. Standard Consistency of Lime Putty5.1 Significance and Use:5
23、.1.1 In order to measure certain physical properties of alime putty, such as plasticity, it is necessary to have a uniformor standard consistency (viscosity), since the property mea-surement is affected by the consistency level.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 Modified Vicat ApparatusThe apparatus, con-structed
24、as shown in Fig. 1, shall consist of a bracket, A,bearing a movable brass rod, B, 6.3 mm in diameter and ofsuitable length to fit the Vicat bracket. A plunger, C, 12.5 mmin diameter, made of aluminum tubing, shall be attached to thelower end of the rod. The total weight of the rod with plungershall
25、be 30 g. The lower end of the plunger shall be closedwithout shoulders or curvature and the tube may be loaded withshot to the specified weight. The total weight required may alsobe obtained by means of a weight, D, screwed into the rod. Therod can be held in any position by means of a screw, E, and
26、 hasa mark midway between the ends which moves under a scale,F, graduated in millimetres, attached to the bracket, A.5.2.2 MoldThe conical ring mold shall be made of anoncorroding, nonabsorbent material, and shall have an insidediameter of 70 mm at the base and 60 mm at the top, and aheight of 40 mm
27、.5.2.3 Base PlateThe base plate for supporting the ringmold shall be of plate glass and about 100 mm square.5.2.4 Mechanical Mixers.5.3 Standard Consistency Determination:5.3.1 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Vac-U-MixerTo a measured amount of water contained in an800-cm3Vac-U-Mix bowl, add 30
28、0 g of hydrated lime andhand mix for 10 s with a stiff spatula (Note 2). Cover putty toprevent evaporation of water. After the applicable soakingperiod, 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime,and not less than 16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normalhydrated lime, insert the paddle assem
29、bly and mix the putty for30 s with the mechanical mixer. Remove the paddle assemblyand scrape down any putty adhering to it and to the sides of theFIG. 1 Modified Vicat ApparatusC110082mixing bowl. Remix for 30 s and determine the consistency asprescribed in 5.3. If the penetration is less than 15 m
30、m, returnall of the material to the mixer bowl, add additional water, andremix for 15 s. If the penetration is greater than 25 mm, repeatthe test.NOTE 2Most lime hydrates will require 250 to 300 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 300 g of lime are used.5.3.2 Mechani
31、cal Mixing Procedure Using the Hobart N-50MixerTo a measured amount of water contained in the N-50mixing bowl, add 600 g of hydrated lime and hand mix for 10s with a stiff spatula (Note 3). Cover putty to preventevaporation of water. After the applicable soaking period, 30min maximum for Type S, spe
32、cial hydrated lime, and not lessthan 16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normal hydrated lime,insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty for 1 min at aslow speed. Stop the mixer and scrape down the paddle and thesides of the mixing bowl. Remix for 4 min at a slow speed.Determine the consistency as
33、 prescribed in 5.3.3.Ifthepenetration is less than 15 mm, return all of the material to themixing bowl, add additional water, and remix for 15 s. If thepenetration is more than 25 mm, repeat the test.NOTE 3Most lime hydrates will require 500 to 600 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency
34、 for this test if 600 g of lime are used.5.3.3 Consistency DeterminationTo determine consis-tency, place the mold with its larger end resting on the glassbase plate and fill with the lime putty. Then strike off the puttyflush with the top of the mold. Center the lime putty, confinedin the ring mold
35、resting on the plate, under the rod of themodified Vicat apparatus (Fig. 1). Bring the plunger end, C,incontact with the surface of the lime putty and take an initialreading. Release the rod and take the final reading 30 s after theplunger is released. The lime putty is of standard consistencywhen a
36、 penetration of 20 6 5 mm is obtained. Record both thetotal amount of water required to bring the putty to standardconsistency and the actual penetration. Proceed with theplasticity determination in accordance with 6.3.5.4 Precision and Bias:5.4.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not b
37、eendetermined.6. Plasticity of Lime Putty6.1 Significance and Use:6.1.1 This test method provides a measure of the degree ofstiffening of lime putty of standard consistency as water iswithdrawn from it by a standard suction base plate.6.1.2 Plasticity is an important property when applyingmixtures c
38、ontaining lime putty to porous or absorptive surfacessuch as in plastering, stuccoing, and masonry construction.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Determine the plasticity of lime putty using theplasticimeter shown in Fig. 2.46.2.2 Cleaning and Care of Base PlatesBase plates maybe made of porcelain or plaster. In
39、making the plasticitydeterminations, much of the success attainable depends uponthe condition of the base plates. In the case of porcelain plateswhich are reused, improper cleaning results in clogging of thepores with reduction in the rate of absorption.After a porcelainplate has been used, wipe the
40、 excess lime off and immerse theplate in clear water for not less than 2 h, after which transfer itwithout drying to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl,1 + 9) where it shall be kept immersed for another 2 h. Thentransfer to a receptacle containing running water for at least 1h. The plate is
41、 then free of acid. After the removal of excesswater, place the plate in an oven overnight at a temperature ofbetween 100 and 110 C (212 and 230 F) for drying. Beforeusing, cool the plate to room temperature. In the case of plasterbase plates, dry the base plates prior to use in plasticity orabsorpt
42、ion testing in an oven at a temperature between 37.8and 48.9 C (100 and 120 F) until they achieve a constantweight. Before using, cool the plaster plate to room tempera-ture in a dessicator charged with a drying agent. If the plate isnot to be used immediately after reaching room temperature,continu
43、e to store the plate in the dessicator until such time thatit is to be used. Plaster base plates shall not be reused afterplasticity, total absorption or rate of absorption testing (see6.2.3).6.2.3 Absorption of Plasticimeter Base Plates:4The sole source of supply of the Emley Plasticimeter known to
44、 the committeeat this time is Geotest Instrument Corporation, 910 University Place, Evanston, IL60201, USA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible te
45、chnical committee1, whichyou may attend.Constants of the Machine:Absorption of Porcelain and Plaster Base Plateminimum of 40 g in 24 h. Forrate ofabsorption of base plates see 6.2.3.2.Dimension of Base Plate25 mm (1 in.) in thickness by 100 mm (4 in.) indiameter.Dimensions of Disk0.8to12.7mm(132 to1
46、2 in.) in thickness by 76 mm (3in.) in diameter.Speed of Vertical Shaft1 revolution in 6 min, 40 s.Torque on Disk when Bob Reading is 1001.41 Nm.FIG. 2 Emley PlasticimeterC1100836.2.3.1 Total AbsorptionPlasticimeter base plates whenimmersed in water at room temperature for a period of 24 hshall abso
47、rb not less than 40 g of water. Before making thedetermination, dry the porcelain plates overnight in an oven ata temperature between 100 and 110 C (212 and 230 F) andpermit to cool to room temperature. Dry the plaster plates in anoven at a temperature between 37.8 and 48.9 C (100 and 120F) until th
48、ey achieve a constant weight and permit to cool toroom temperature in a dessicator charged with a drying agent.After immersion and before weighing either porcelain orplaster plates, wipe off the excess water with a damp cloth.6.2.3.2 Rate of Absorption (Note 4)When tested over anarea 70 mm (234 in.)
49、 in diameter, the water absorbed by eitherporcelain or plaster base plates shall be in accordance with thefollowing:Time, min Water Absorbed, mL18to142 5 to 7123 4 to 6124 4 to 65312 to 512(1) Plaster plates designated for rate of absorption testingshall be statistically representative of all plates manufacturedfor that purpose and made from one manufacturing batch run.Plaster plates selected for rate of absorption testing may not bere-dried and used for plasticity testing. Porcelain plates desig-nated for rate of absorption testing shall be in
