1、Designation: C110 10Standard Test Methods forPhysical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, andLimestone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover physical testing of
3、quicklimeand hydrated lime, and of limestone not otherwise covered inASTM standards.2NOTE 1Quicklime and hydrated lime have a high affinity for moistureand carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect both hydrated andquicklime during sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).1.2 The t
4、est procedures appear in the following order:SectionAir Entrainment 8Apparent Loose Density of Hydrated Lime, PulverizedQuicklime, and Limestone 20Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, PulverizedQuicklime, and Limestone 21Autoclave Expansion of Hydrated Lime 9Dry Brightness of Pulverized Limesto
5、ne 12Dry Screening by Air Jet Sieve 18Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by AirPermeability 16Limestone Grindability 13Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone 17Plasticity of Lime Putty 6Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime 10Residue and Sieve Analysis 15Settling Rate of Hydrated Lime
6、14Slaking Rate of Quicklime 11Specific Gravity of Hydrated Lime Products 22Standard Consistency of Lime Putty 5Water Retention of Hydrated Lime 7Wet Sieve Analysis of Agricultural Liming Materials 191.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are
7、mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
8、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C28/C28M Specification for Gypsum PlastersC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC51 Terminology
9、 Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C91 Specification for Masonry CementC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC150 Specification for Portland C
10、ementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC207 Specification for Hydra
11、ted Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Testsof Hydraulic CementC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC430 Test Method
12、for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the45-m (No. 325) SieveC472 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gyp-sum Plasters and Gypsum ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 onLime and are the direct responsibili
13、ty of Subcommittee C07.06 on Physical Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C11009a. DOI:10.1520/C0110-10.2For tests on limestone as aggregate, see Vol 04.02 of the Annual Book of ASTMStandards. For
14、tests on limestone as building stone, see Vol 04.05 of the AnnualBook of ASTM Standards.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summa
15、ry page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction M
16、aterialsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Test-ing SizeC778 Specification for SandC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-CementGrout (Nonsh
17、rink)D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conduc
18、ting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise specified, for definitionsof terms used in this standard see Terminology C51.4. General Procedures4.1 SamplingSamples of lime and limestone for physicalanalysis shall be taken and pr
19、epared in accordance with therequirements of Practice C50 applicable to the material to betested.4.2 Calculation:4.2.1 The calculations included in the individual proceduressometimes assume that the exact weight specified has beenused. Accurately weighed samples which are approximatelybut not exactl
20、y equal to the weight specified may be usedprovided appropriate corrections are made in the calculation.Unless otherwise stated, weights of all samples and residuesshould be recorded to the nearest 0.0001 g.4.2.2 In all mathematical operations on a set of observedvalues, the equivalent of two more p
21、laces of figures than in thesingle observed values shall be retained. For example, ifobserved values are read or determined to the nearest 0.1 mg,carry numbers to the nearest 0.001 mg in calculation.4.3 Rounding FiguresRounding of figures to the nearestsignificant place required in the report should
22、 be done after thecalculations are completed, in order to keep the final resultsfree from calculation errors. The rounding procedure shouldfollow the principle outlined in Practice E29.PLASTIC PROPERTY TESTING5. Standard Consistency of Lime Putty5.1 Significance and Use:5.1.1 In order to measure cer
23、tain physical properties of alime putty, such as plasticity, it is necessary to have a uniformor standard consistency (viscosity), since the property mea-surement is affected by the consistency level.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 Modified Vicat ApparatusThe apparatus, con-structed as shown in Fig. 1, shall co
24、nsist of a bracket, A,bearing a movable brass rod, B, 6.3 mm in diameter and ofsuitable length to fit the Vicat bracket. A plunger, C, 12.5 mmin diameter, made of aluminum tubing, shall be attached to thelower end of the rod. The total weight of the rod with plungershall be 30 g. The lower end of th
25、e plunger shall be closedwithout shoulders or curvature and the tube may be loaded withshot to the specified weight. The total weight required may alsobe obtained by means of a weight, D, screwed into the rod. Therod can be held in any position by means of a screw, E, and hasa mark midway between th
26、e ends which moves under a scale,F, graduated in millimetres, attached to the bracket, A.5.2.2 MoldThe conical ring mold shall be made of anoncorroding, nonabsorbent material, and shall have an insidediameter of 70 mm at the base and 60 mm at the top, and aheight of 40 mm.5.2.3 Base PlateThe base pl
27、ate for supporting the ringmold shall be of plate glass and about 100 mm square.5.2.4 Mechanical Mixers.5.3 Standard Consistency Determination:5.3.1 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Vac-U-MixerTo a measured amount of water contained in an800-cm3Vac-U-Mix bowl, add 300 g of hydrated lime andhand
28、 mix for 10 s with a stiff spatula (Note 2). Cover putty toprevent evaporation of water. After the applicable soakingperiod, 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime,and not less than 16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normalhydrated lime, insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty for30
29、s with the mechanical mixer. Remove the paddle assemblyand scrape down any putty adhering to it and to the sides of themixing bowl. Remix for 30 s and determine the consistency asprescribed in 5.3. If the penetration is less than 15 mm, returnFIG. 1 Modified Vicat ApparatusC110 102all of the materia
30、l to the mixer bowl, add additional water, andremix for 15 s. If the penetration is greater than 25 mm, repeatthe test.NOTE 2Most lime hydrates will require 250 to 300 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 300 g of lime are used.5.3.2 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using
31、the Hobart N-50MixerTo a measured amount of water contained in the N-50mixing bowl, add 600 g of hydrated lime and hand mix for 10s with a stiff spatula (Note 3). Cover putty to preventevaporation of water. After the applicable soaking period, 30min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime, and not
32、 lessthan 16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normal hydrated lime,insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty for 1 min at aslow speed. Stop the mixer and scrape down the paddle and thesides of the mixing bowl. Remix for 4 min at a slow speed.Determine the consistency as prescribed in 5.3.3.Ifthep
33、enetration is less than 15 mm, return all of the material to themixing bowl, add additional water, and remix for 15 s. If thepenetration is more than 25 mm, repeat the test.NOTE 3Most lime hydrates will require 500 to 600 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 600 g of
34、lime are used.5.3.3 Consistency DeterminationTo determine consis-tency, place the mold with its larger end resting on the glassbase plate and fill with the lime putty. Then strike off the puttyflush with the top of the mold. Center the lime putty, confinedin the ring mold resting on the plate, under
35、 the rod of themodified Vicat apparatus (Fig. 1). Bring the plunger end, C,incontact with the surface of the lime putty and take an initialreading. Release the rod and take the final reading 30 s after theplunger is released. The lime putty is of standard consistencywhen a penetration of 20 6 5 mm i
36、s obtained. Record both thetotal amount of water required to bring the putty to standardconsistency and the actual penetration. Proceed with theplasticity determination in accordance with 6.3.5.4 Precision and Bias:5.4.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not beendetermined.6. Plasticity
37、 of Lime Putty6.1 Significance and Use:6.1.1 This test method provides a measure of the degree ofstiffening of lime putty of standard consistency as water iswithdrawn from it by a standard suction base plate.6.1.2 Plasticity is an important property when applyingmixtures containing lime putty to por
38、ous or absorptive surfacessuch as in plastering, stuccoing, and masonry construction.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Determine the plasticity of lime putty using theplasticimeter shown in Fig. 2.46.2.2 Cleaning and Care of Base PlatesBase plates maybe made of porcelain or plaster. In making the plasticitydeterm
39、inations, much of the success attainable depends uponthe condition of the base plates. In the case of porcelain plateswhich are reused, improper cleaning results in clogging of thepores with reduction in the rate of absorption.After a porcelainplate has been used, wipe the excess lime off and immers
40、e theplate in clear water for not less than 2 h, after which transfer itwithout drying to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl,1 + 9) where it shall be kept immersed for another 2 h. Thentransfer to a receptacle containing running water for at least 1h. The plate is then free of acid. After t
41、he removal of excesswater, place the plate in an oven overnight at a temperature ofbetween 100 and 110 C (212 and 230 F) for drying. Beforeusing, cool the plate to room temperature. In the case of plasterbase plates, dry the base plates prior to use in plasticity orabsorption testing in an oven at a
42、 temperature between 37.8and 48.9 C (100 and 120 F) until they achieve a constantweight. Before using, cool the plaster plate to room tempera-ture in a dessicator charged with a drying agent. If the plate isnot to be used immediately after reaching room temperature,continue to store the plate in the
43、 dessicator until such time thatit is to be used. Plaster base plates shall not be reused afterplasticity, total absorption or rate of absorption testing (see6.2.3).6.2.3 Absorption of Plasticimeter Base Plates:6.2.3.1 Total AbsorptionPlasticimeter base plates whenimmersed in water at room temperatu
44、re for a period of 24 h4The sole source of supply of the Emley Plasticimeter known to the committeeat this time is Geotest Instrument Corporation, 910 University Place, Evanston, IL60201, USA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarter
45、s. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, whichyou may attend.Constants of the Machine:Absorption of Porcelain and Plaster Base Plateminimum of 40 g in 24 h. Forrate ofabsorption of base plates see 6.2.3.2.Dimension of Base Plate25 mm (1
46、 in.) in thickness by 100 mm (4 in.) indiameter.Dimensions of Disk0.8to12.7mm(132 to12 in.) in thickness by 76 mm (3in.) in diameter.Speed of Vertical Shaft1 revolution in 6 min, 40 s.Torque on Disk when Bob Reading is 1001.41 Nm.FIG. 2 Emley PlasticimeterC110 103shall absorb not less than 40 g of w
47、ater. Before making thedetermination, dry the porcelain plates overnight in an oven ata temperature between 100 and 110 C (212 and 230 F) andpermit to cool to room temperature. Dry the plaster plates in anoven at a temperature between 37.8 and 48.9 C (100 and 120F) until they achieve a constant weig
48、ht and permit to cool toroom temperature in a dessicator charged with a drying agent.After immersion and before weighing either porcelain orplaster plates, wipe off the excess water with a damp cloth.6.2.3.2 Rate of Absorption (Note 4)When tested over anarea 70 mm (234 in.) in diameter, the water ab
49、sorbed by eitherporcelain or plaster base plates shall be in accordance with thefollowing:Time, min Water Absorbed, mL18to142 5 to 7123 4 to 6124 4 to 65312 to 512(1) Plaster plates designated for rate of absorption testingshall be statistically representative of all plates manufacturedfor that purpose and made from one manufacturing batch run.Plaster plates selected for rate of absorption testing may not bere-dried and used for plasticity testing. Porcelain plates desig-nated for rate of absorption testing shall be individually testedand may
