1、Designation: C110 14Standard Test Methods forPhysical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, andLimestone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover physical testing
3、 of quicklimeand hydrated lime, and of limestone not otherwise covered inASTM standards.2NOTE 1Quicklime and hydrated lime have a high affinity for moistureand carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect both hydrated andquicklime during sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).1.2 T
4、he test procedures appear in the following order:Plastic Property Testing SectionStandard Consistency of Lime Putty 5Plasticity of Lime Putty 6Water Retention of Hydrated Lime 7Air Entrainment 8Soundness TestingAutoclave Expansion of Hydrated and Hydraulic Lime 9Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime
5、10Application TestingSlaking Rate of Quicklime 11Dry Brightness of Pulverized Limestone 12Limestone Grindability Determination by the Laboratory Ball MillMethod13Settling Rate of Hydrated Lime 14Particle Size AnalysisResidue and Sieve Analysis 15Sieve Analysis of Dry Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrat
6、ed Lime 16Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by AirPermeabiity17Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone 18Dry Screening of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, andLimestone by Air Jet Sieving19Wet Sieve Analysis of Agricultural Liming Materials 20Density MeasurementApparent Loose Densi
7、ty of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime,and Limestone21Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, PulverizedQuicklime, and Limestone22Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Hydrated Lime Products 231.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are
8、mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
9、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C28/C28M Specification for Gypsum PlastersC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC51 Terminology
10、 Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C91 Specification for Masonry CementC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC150 Specification for Portland C
11、ementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC207 Specification for Hydra
12、ted Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Testsof Hydraulic CementC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com
13、mittee C07 onLime and Limestone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.06 onPhysical Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C110 11. DOI:10.1520/C0110-14.2For tests on limestone as agg
14、regate, see Vol 04.02 of the Annual Book of ASTMStandards. For tests on limestone as building stone, see Vol 04.05 of the AnnualBook of ASTM Standards.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStan
15、dards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by th
16、e45-m (No. 325) SieveC472 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gyp-sum Plasters and Gypsum ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples ofAggregat
17、e to TestingSizeC778 Specification for SandC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-CementGrout (Nonshrink)D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE11 Specificati
18、on for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision
19、of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise specified, for definitionsof terms used in this standard see Terminology C51.4. General Procedures4.1 SamplingSamples of lime and limestone for physicalanalysis shall be taken and prepared in accordance with therequirements of Practice C5
20、0 applicable to the material to betested.4.2 Calculation:4.2.1 The calculations included in the individual proceduressometimes assume that the exact weight specified has beenused. Accurately weighed samples which are approximatelybut not exactly equal to the weight specified may be usedprovided appr
21、opriate corrections are made in the calculation.Unless otherwise stated, weights of all samples and residuesshould be recorded to the nearest 0.0001 g.4.2.2 In all mathematical operations on a set of observedvalues, the equivalent of two more places of figures than in thesingle observed values shall
22、 be retained. For example, ifobserved values are read or determined to the nearest 0.1 mg,carry numbers to the nearest 0.001 mg in calculation.4.3 Rounding FiguresRounding of figures to the nearestsignificant place required in the report should be done after thecalculations are completed, in order t
23、o keep the final resultsfree from calculation errors. The rounding procedure shouldfollow the principle outlined in Practice E29.PLASTIC PROPERTY TESTING5. Standard Consistency of Lime Putty5.1 Significance and Use:5.1.1 In order to measure certain physical properties of alime putty, such as plastic
24、ity, it is necessary to have a uniformor standard consistency (viscosity), since the property mea-surement is affected by the consistency level.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 Modified Vicat ApparatusThe apparatus, con-structed as shown in Fig. 1, shall consist of a bracket, A,bearing a movable brass rod, B, 6.
25、3 mm in diameter and ofsuitable length to fit the Vicat bracket. A plunger, C, 12.5 mmin diameter, made of aluminum tubing, shall be attached to thelower end of the rod. The total weight of the rod with plungershall be 30 g. The lower end of the plunger shall be closedwithout shoulders or curvature
26、and the tube may be loaded withshot to the specified weight. The total weight required may alsobe obtained by means of a weight, D, screwed into the rod. Therod can be held in any position by means of a screw, E, and hasa mark midway between the ends which moves under a scale,F, graduated in millime
27、tres, attached to the bracket, A.5.2.2 MoldThe conical ring mold shall be made of anoncorroding, nonabsorbent material, and shall have an insidediameter of 70 mm at the base and 60 mm at the top, and aheight of 40 mm.5.2.3 Base PlateThe base plate for supporting the ringmold shall be of plate glass
28、and about 100 mm square.5.2.4 Mechanical Mixers.5.3 Standard Consistency Determination:5.3.1 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Vac-U-MixerTo a measured amount of water contained in an800-cm3Vac-U-Mix bowl, add 300 g of hydrated lime andhand mix for 10 s with a stiff spatula (Note 2). Cover putty
29、 toFIG. 1 Modified Vicat ApparatusC110 142prevent evaporation of water. After the applicable soakingperiod, 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime,and not less than 16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normalhydrated lime, insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty for30 s with the mechan
30、ical mixer. Remove the paddle assemblyand scrape down any putty adhering to it and to the sides of themixing bowl. Remix for 30 s and determine the consistency asprescribed in 5.3. If the penetration is less than 15 mm, returnall of the material to the mixer bowl, add additional water, andremix for
31、15 s. If the penetration is greater than 25 mm, repeatthe test.NOTE 2Most lime hydrates will require 250 to 300 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 300 g of lime are used.5.3.2 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Hobart N-50MixerTo a measured amount of water contai
32、ned in the N-50mixing bowl, add 600 g of hydrated lime and hand mix for 10 swith a stiff spatula (Note 3). Cover putty to prevent evaporationof water.After the applicable soaking period, 30 min maximumfor Type S, special hydrated lime, and not less than 16 h normore than 24 h for Type N, normal hydr
33、ated lime, insert thepaddle assembly and mix the putty for 1 min at a slow speed.Stop the mixer and scrape down the paddle and the sides of themixing bowl. Remix for 4 min at a slow speed. Determine theconsistency as prescribed in 5.3.3. If the penetration is less than15 mm, return all of the materi
34、al to the mixing bowl, addadditional water, and remix for 15 s. If the penetration is morethan 25 mm, repeat the test.NOTE 3Most lime hydrates will require 500 to 600 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 600 g of lime are used.5.3.3 Consistency DeterminationTo determi
35、neconsistency, place the mold with its larger end resting on theglass base plate and fill with the lime putty. Then strike off theputty flush with the top of the mold. Center the lime putty,confined in the ring mold resting on the plate, under the rod ofthe modified Vicat apparatus (Fig. 1). Bring t
36、he plunger end, C,in contact with the surface of the lime putty and take an initialreading. Release the rod and take the final reading 30 s after theplunger is released. The lime putty is of standard consistencywhen a penetration of 20 6 5 mm is obtained. Record both thetotal amount of water require
37、d to bring the putty to standardconsistency and the actual penetration. Proceed with theplasticity determination in accordance with 6.3.5.4 Precision and Bias:5.4.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not beendetermined.6. Plasticity of Lime Putty6.1 Significance and Use:6.1.1 This test m
38、ethod provides a measure of the degree ofstiffening of lime putty of standard consistency as water iswithdrawn from it by a standard suction base plate.6.1.2 Plasticity is an important property when applyingmixtures containing lime putty to porous or absorptive surfacessuch as in plastering, stuccoi
39、ng, and masonry construction.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Determine the plasticity of lime putty using theplasticimeter shown in Fig. 2.46.2.2 Cleaning and Care of Base PlatesBase plates maybe made of porcelain or plaster. In making the plasticitydeterminations, much of the success attainable depends uponthe
40、 condition of the base plates. In the case of porcelain plateswhich are reused, improper cleaning results in clogging of thepores with reduction in the rate of absorption.After a porcelainplate has been used, wipe the excess lime off and immerse theplate in clear water for not less than 2 h, after w
41、hich transfer itwithout drying to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl,1 + 9) where it shall be kept immersed for another 2 h. Thentransfer to a receptacle containing running water for at least1 h. The plate is then free of acid. After the removal of excesswater, place the plate in an oven ov
42、ernight at a temperature ofbetween 100 and 110C (212 and 230F) for drying. Beforeusing, cool the plate to room temperature. In the case of plasterbase plates, dry the base plates prior to use in plasticity orabsorption testing in an oven at a temperature between 37.8and 48.9C (100 and 120F) until th
43、ey achieve a constant4The sole source of supply of the Emley Plasticimeter known to the committeeat this time is Geotest Instrument Corporation, 910 University Place, Evanston, IL60201, USA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters.
44、 Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, whichyou may attend.Constants of the Machine:Absorption of Porcelain and Plaster Base Plateminimum of 40 g in 24 h. Forrate of absorption of base plates see 6.2.3.2.Dimension of Base Plate25 mm (1
45、in.) in thickness by 100 mm (4 in.) indiameter.Dimensions of Disk0.8to12.7mm(132 to12 in.) in thickness by 76 mm (3in.) in diameter.Speed of Vertical Shaft1 revolution in 6 min, 40 s.Torque on Disk when Bob Reading is 1001.41 Nm.FIG. 2 Emley PlasticimeterC110 143weight. Before using, cool the plaste
46、r plate to room tempera-ture in a dessicator charged with a drying agent. If the plate isnot to be used immediately after reaching room temperature,continue to store the plate in the dessicator until such time thatit is to be used. Plaster base plates shall not be reused afterplasticity, total absor
47、ption or rate of absorption testing (see6.2.3).6.2.3 Absorption of Plasticimeter Base Plates:6.2.3.1 Total AbsorptionPlasticimeter base plates whenimmersed in water at room temperature for a period of 24 hshall absorb not less than 40 g of water. Before making thedetermination, dry the porcelain pla
48、tes overnight in an oven ata temperature between 100 and 110C (212 and 230F) andpermit to cool to room temperature. Dry the plaster plates in anoven at a temperature between 37.8 and 48.9C (100 and120F) until they achieve a constant weight and permit to coolto room temperature in a dessicator charge
49、d with a dryingagent.After immersion and before weighing either porcelain orplaster plates, wipe off the excess water with a damp cloth.6.2.3.2 Rate of Absorption (Note 4)When tested over anarea 70 mm (234 in.) in diameter, the water absorbed by eitherporcelain or plaster base plates shall be in accordance with thefollowing:Time, min Water Absorbed, mL18to142 5 to 7123 4 to 6124 4 to 65312 to 512(1) Plaster plates designated for rate of absorption testingshall be statistically representative of all plates manufacturedfor that purpose and made
