1、Designation: C110 141Standard Test Methods forPhysical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, andLimestone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTEAdded research report footnote to Section 19 ed
3、itorially in March 2015.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover physical testing of quicklimeand hydrated lime, and of limestone not otherwise covered inASTM standards.2NOTE 1Quicklime and hydrated lime have a high affinity for moistureand carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect both hydrate
4、d andquicklime during sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:Plastic Property Testing SectionStandard Consistency of Lime Putty 5Plasticity of Lime Putty 6Water Retention of Hydrated Lime 7Air Entrainment 8Soundness TestingAutoclave Ex
5、pansion of Hydrated and Hydraulic Lime 9Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime 10Application TestingSlaking Rate of Quicklime 11Dry Brightness of Pulverized Limestone 12Limestone Grindability Determination by the Laboratory Ball MillMethod13Settling Rate of Hydrated Lime 14Particle Size AnalysisResidu
6、e and Sieve Analysis 15Sieve Analysis of Dry Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime 16Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by AirPermeabiity17Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone 18Dry Screening of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, andLimestone by Air Jet Sieving19Wet Sieve Analys
7、is of Agricultural Liming Materials 20Density MeasurementApparent Loose Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime,and Limestone21Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, PulverizedQuicklime, and Limestone22Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Hydrated Lime Products 231.3 The values stated in
8、 SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. I
9、t is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C28/C28M Specification for Gypsum PlastersC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Pre
10、paration, Packaging,and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C91 Specification for Masonry CementC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C136 Test Method for
11、 Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC204 Test Methods for Fineness
12、 of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 onLime and Limestone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
13、ee C07.06 onPhysical Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C110 11. DOI:10.1520/C0110-14E01.2For tests on limestone as aggregate, see Vol 04.02 of the Annual Book of ASTMStandards. For tests on lime
14、stone as building stone, see Vol 04.05 of the AnnualBook of ASTM Standards.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
15、 ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1of Hydraulic CementC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Morta
16、rs of Plastic ConsistencyC430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the45-m (No. 325) SieveC472 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gyp-sum Plasters and Gypsum ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test
17、 Methods for Construction MaterialsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples ofAggregate to TestingSizeC778 Specification for SandC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydr
18、aulic-CementGrout (Nonshrink)D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods
19、E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise specified, for definitionsof terms used in this standard see Terminology C51.4. General Procedures4.1 SamplingSamples of lime and limestone for physicalanalys
20、is shall be taken and prepared in accordance with therequirements of Practice C50 applicable to the material to betested.4.2 Calculation:4.2.1 The calculations included in the individual proceduressometimes assume that the exact weight specified has beenused. Accurately weighed samples which are app
21、roximatelybut not exactly equal to the weight specified may be usedprovided appropriate corrections are made in the calculation.Unless otherwise stated, weights of all samples and residuesshould be recorded to the nearest 0.0001 g.4.2.2 In all mathematical operations on a set of observedvalues, the
22、equivalent of two more places of figures than in thesingle observed values shall be retained. For example, ifobserved values are read or determined to the nearest 0.1 mg,carry numbers to the nearest 0.001 mg in calculation.4.3 Rounding FiguresRounding of figures to the nearestsignificant place requi
23、red in the report should be done after thecalculations are completed, in order to keep the final resultsfree from calculation errors. The rounding procedure shouldfollow the principle outlined in Practice E29.PLASTIC PROPERTY TESTING5. Standard Consistency of Lime Putty5.1 Significance and Use:5.1.1
24、 In order to measure certain physical properties of alime putty, such as plasticity, it is necessary to have a uniformor standard consistency (viscosity), since the property mea-surement is affected by the consistency level.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 Modified Vicat ApparatusThe apparatus, con-structed as s
25、hown in Fig. 1, shall consist of a bracket, A,bearing a movable brass rod, B, 6.3 mm in diameter and ofsuitable length to fit the Vicat bracket. A plunger, C, 12.5 mmin diameter, made of aluminum tubing, shall be attached to thelower end of the rod. The total weight of the rod with plungershall be 3
26、0 g. The lower end of the plunger shall be closedwithout shoulders or curvature and the tube may be loaded withshot to the specified weight. The total weight required may alsobe obtained by means of a weight, D, screwed into the rod. Therod can be held in any position by means of a screw, E, and has
27、a mark midway between the ends which moves under a scale,F, graduated in millimetres, attached to the bracket, A.5.2.2 MoldThe conical ring mold shall be made of anoncorroding, nonabsorbent material, and shall have an insidediameter of 70 mm at the base and 60 mm at the top, and aheight of 40 mm.5.2
28、.3 Base PlateThe base plate for supporting the ringmold shall be of plate glass and about 100 mm square.5.2.4 Mechanical Mixers.5.3 Standard Consistency Determination:FIG. 1 Modified Vicat ApparatusC110 14125.3.1 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Vac-U-MixerTo a measured amount of water containe
29、d in an800-cm3Vac-U-Mix bowl, add 300 g of hydrated lime andhand mix for 10 s with a stiff spatula (Note 2). Cover putty toprevent evaporation of water. After the applicable soakingperiod, 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime,and not less than 16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normalhy
30、drated lime, insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty for30 s with the mechanical mixer. Remove the paddle assemblyand scrape down any putty adhering to it and to the sides of themixing bowl. Remix for 30 s and determine the consistency asprescribed in 5.3. If the penetration is less than 15 mm,
31、 returnall of the material to the mixer bowl, add additional water, andremix for 15 s. If the penetration is greater than 25 mm, repeatthe test.NOTE 2Most lime hydrates will require 250 to 300 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 300 g of lime are used.5.3.2 Mechanica
32、l Mixing Procedure Using the Hobart N-50MixerTo a measured amount of water contained in the N-50mixing bowl, add 600 g of hydrated lime and hand mix for 10 swith a stiff spatula (Note 3). Cover putty to prevent evaporationof water.After the applicable soaking period, 30 min maximumfor Type S, specia
33、l hydrated lime, and not less than 16 h normore than 24 h for Type N, normal hydrated lime, insert thepaddle assembly and mix the putty for 1 min at a slow speed.Stop the mixer and scrape down the paddle and the sides of themixing bowl. Remix for 4 min at a slow speed. Determine theconsistency as pr
34、escribed in 5.3.3. If the penetration is less than15 mm, return all of the material to the mixing bowl, addadditional water, and remix for 15 s. If the penetration is morethan 25 mm, repeat the test.NOTE 3Most lime hydrates will require 500 to 600 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency
35、for this test if 600 g of lime are used.5.3.3 Consistency DeterminationTo determineconsistency, place the mold with its larger end resting on theglass base plate and fill with the lime putty. Then strike off theputty flush with the top of the mold. Center the lime putty,confined in the ring mold res
36、ting on the plate, under the rod ofthe modified Vicat apparatus (Fig. 1). Bring the plunger end, C,in contact with the surface of the lime putty and take an initialreading. Release the rod and take the final reading 30 s after theplunger is released. The lime putty is of standard consistencywhen a p
37、enetration of 20 6 5 mm is obtained. Record both thetotal amount of water required to bring the putty to standardconsistency and the actual penetration. Proceed with theplasticity determination in accordance with 6.3.5.4 Precision and Bias:5.4.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not bee
38、ndetermined.6. Plasticity of Lime Putty6.1 Significance and Use:6.1.1 This test method provides a measure of the degree ofstiffening of lime putty of standard consistency as water iswithdrawn from it by a standard suction base plate.6.1.2 Plasticity is an important property when applyingmixtures con
39、taining lime putty to porous or absorptive surfacessuch as in plastering, stuccoing, and masonry construction.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Determine the plasticity of lime putty using theplasticimeter shown in Fig. 2.46.2.2 Cleaning and Care of Base PlatesBase plates maybe made of porcelain or plaster. In ma
40、king the plasticitydeterminations, much of the success attainable depends uponthe condition of the base plates. In the case of porcelain plateswhich are reused, improper cleaning results in clogging of thepores with reduction in the rate of absorption.After a porcelainplate has been used, wipe the e
41、xcess lime off and immerse theplate in clear water for not less than 2 h, after which transfer itwithout drying to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl,1 + 9) where it shall be kept immersed for another 2 h. Thentransfer to a receptacle containing running water for at least1 h. The plate is t
42、hen free of acid. After the removal of excesswater, place the plate in an oven overnight at a temperature ofbetween 100 and 110C (212 and 230F) for drying. Beforeusing, cool the plate to room temperature. In the case of plasterbase plates, dry the base plates prior to use in plasticity orabsorption
43、testing in an oven at a temperature between 37.84The sole source of supply of the Emley Plasticimeter known to the committeeat this time is Geotest Instrument Corporation, 910 University Place, Evanston, IL60201, USA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM
44、International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, whichyou may attend.Constants of the Machine:Absorption of Porcelain and Plaster Base Plateminimum of 40 g in 24 h. Forrate of absorption of base plates see 6.2.3.2.Dimen
45、sion of Base Plate25 mm (1 in.) in thickness by 100 mm (4 in.) indiameter.Dimensions of Disk0.8to12.7mm(132 to12 in.) in thickness by 76 mm (3in.) in diameter.Speed of Vertical Shaft1 revolution in 6 min, 40 s.Torque on Disk when Bob Reading is 1001.41 Nm.FIG. 2 Emley PlasticimeterC110 1413and 48.9C
46、 (100 and 120F) until they achieve a constantweight. Before using, cool the plaster plate to room tempera-ture in a dessicator charged with a drying agent. If the plate isnot to be used immediately after reaching room temperature,continue to store the plate in the dessicator until such time thatit i
47、s to be used. Plaster base plates shall not be reused afterplasticity, total absorption or rate of absorption testing (see6.2.3).6.2.3 Absorption of Plasticimeter Base Plates:6.2.3.1 Total AbsorptionPlasticimeter base plates whenimmersed in water at room temperature for a period of 24 hshall absorb
48、not less than 40 g of water. Before making thedetermination, dry the porcelain plates overnight in an oven ata temperature between 100 and 110C (212 and 230F) andpermit to cool to room temperature. Dry the plaster plates in anoven at a temperature between 37.8 and 48.9C (100 and120F) until they achi
49、eve a constant weight and permit to coolto room temperature in a dessicator charged with a dryingagent.After immersion and before weighing either porcelain orplaster plates, wipe off the excess water with a damp cloth.6.2.3.2 Rate of Absorption (Note 4)When tested over anarea 70 mm (234 in.) in diameter, the water absorbed by eitherporcelain or plaster base plates shall be in accordance with thefollowing:Time, min Water Absorbed, mL18to142 5 to 7123 4 to 6124 4 to 65312 to 512(1) Plaster plates designated for rate of absorption testingsh
