1、Designation: C 1116/C 1116M 09Standard Specification forFiber-Reinforced Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1116/C 1116M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers all forms of fiber-reinforcedco
3、ncrete that are delivered to a purchaser with the ingredientsuniformly mixed, and that can be sampled and tested at thepoint of delivery. It does not cover the placement, consolida-tion, curing, or protection of the fiber-reinforced concrete afterdelivery to the purchaser.1.2 Certain sections of thi
4、s specification are also applicableto fiber-reinforced concrete intended for shotcreting by thedry-mix process when sampling and testing of concrete ispossible only at the point of placement. In this case, thesections dealing with batching plant, mixing equipment, mix-ing and delivery, and measureme
5、nt of workability and aircontent, are not applicable.1.3 This specification does not cover thin-section glassfiber-reinforced concrete manufactured by the spray-up processthat is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee C27.40.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be
6、regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only t
7、othe test method portion, Sections 15 and 18, of this specifica-tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the appli
8、cability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 820/A 820M Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindri
9、cal Concrete SpecimensC 42/C 42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Grav
10、imetric) of ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Method
11、 for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 387 Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materialsfor Mortar and ConcreteC 567 Test Method for Determining Density of StructuralLightweight ConcreteC 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC
12、 684 Test Method for Making, Accelerated Curing, andTesting Concrete Compression Test SpecimensC 685/C 685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volu-metric Batching and Continuous MixingC 1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con-crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
13、Laboratory EvaluationC 1140 Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens fromShotcrete Test PanelsC 1385/C 1385M Practice for Sampling Materials for Shot-creteC 1399 Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC 1436 Specification for Materials for ShotcreteC 1480
14、 Specification for Packaged, Pre-Blended, Dry,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.42 on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Origina
15、lly approvedin 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 1116/C 1116M 08a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
16、e onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Combined Materials for Use in Wet or Dry ShotcreteApplicationC 1550 Test Method for Flexural Tough
17、ness of Fiber Rein-forced Concrete (Using Centrally Loaded Round Panel)C 1602/C 1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used inthe Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC 1604/C 1604M Test Method for Obtaining and TestingDrilled Cores of ShotcreteC 1609/C 1609M Test Method for Flexural Performance ofF
18、iber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-PointLoading)C 1666/C 1666M Specification for Alkali Resistant (AR)Glass Fiber for GFRC and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andCementD 6942 Test Method for Stability of Cellulose Fibers inAlkaline EnvironmentsD 7357 Specification for Cellulose Fibers for Fib
19、er-Reinforced Concrete2.2 ACI Standards and Reports:211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Nor-mal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete3211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete3506.2 Specification for Materials, Proportioning and Appli-cation o
20、f Shotcrete33. Terminology3.1 Definitions3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology C 125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 manufacturer, nthe producer who furnishes thefiber-reinforced concrete.3.2.2 purchaser, nthe owner, or representative
21、 thereof,who buys the fiber-reinforced concrete.4. Classification4.1 This specification classifies fiber-reinforced concrete bythe material type of the fiber incorporated.NOTE 1The performance of fiber-reinforced concrete depends uponthe susceptibility of the fibers to physical damage during mixing
22、orshotcreting and to chemical damage on exposure to the cement pastesolution, which is highly alkaline and may also contain carbon dioxide,chlorides, sulfates or oxygen. Improper methods of fiber addition to aconcrete mix can lead to balling of some types of fiber; consultmanufacturer for advice as
23、to correct method before use. The magnitudeof improvements in the mechanical properties of the concrete or shotcreteimparted by fibers can also reflect the material characteristics, geometry,and design of the fiber type.4.1.1 Type I Steel Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContainsstainless steel, alloy steel
24、, or carbon steel fibers conforming toSpecification A 820/A 820M.4.1.2 Type II Glass Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContainsalkali-resistant (AR) glass fibers conforming to SpecificationC 1666/C 1666M.4.1.3 Type III Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContains synthetic fibers for which documentary evidenc
25、e canbe produced confirming their resistance to deterioration whenin contact with the moisture and alkalis present in cement pasteand the substances present in admixtures throughout theanticipated useful life of the structure (see Note 2 and 4.2).NOTE 2Fibers such as polyolefins (polypropylene and p
26、olyethylene),nylon, and carbon have been shown to be durable in concrete.4.1.4 Type IV Natural Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContains natural fibers for which documentary evidence can beproduced confirming their resistance to deterioration when incontact with the moisture and alkalis present in cement pa
27、steand the substances present in admixtures throughout theanticipated useful life of the structure. When Type IV fiber-reinforced concrete contains cellulose fibers they shall conformto Specification D 7357.NOTE 3The classification, natural fibers, refers to a population offibers that are manufactur
28、ed from natural fibrous resources and are usedfor the first time in concrete. Depending on the initial raw material and themanufacturing process employed to produce the fiber, the final physicaland chemical fiber properties in this general classification can vary greatly.Some natural fibers are susc
29、eptible to deterioration from exposure toalkalis; Test Method D 6942 may be used to determine the susceptibilityof these fibers to deterioration as a result of exposure to alkalis in concrete.Conversely, many other natural fiber types are highly resistant to alkalisand can remain in concrete with no
30、 degradation for the complete productlife cycle.4.2 When the purchaser chooses to permit the use of fibersother than those complying with the classifications in 4.1, themanufacturer or supplier shall show evidence satisfactory tothe purchaser that the type of fiber proposed for use showsresistance t
31、o deterioration when in contact with the moistureand alkalis present in cement paste and the substances presentin admixtures throughout the anticipated useful life of thestructure.5. Basis of Purchase5.1 The basis of purchase for fiber-reinforced concrete shallbe in accordance with the Basis of Purc
32、hase Sections ofSpecification C 94/C 94M or Specification C 685/C 685M.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifi-cations, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Type of fiber-reinforced concrete required. See Sec-tion 4.6.1.2 Type of cement at the pu
33、rchasers option, otherwisethe cement shall be Type 1 meeting the requirements ofSpecification C 150;6.1.3 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregates;6.1.4 Slump required at the point of delivery, or whenappropriate the point of placement, subject to the toleranceshereinafter specified;6.1.5 Air
34、 content when air-entrainment is required, based onthe air content of samples taken at the point of discharge, orwhen appropriate the point of placement, subject to thetolerances hereinafter specified;NOTE 4In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser should3Available from American Concrete
35、 Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.C 1116/C 1116M 092consider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected.Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not produce adequatedurability. Air contents higher than the levels shown may
36、reduce strengthwithout contributing further to freeze-thaw resistance.6.1.6 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, thepurchaser shall specify the density as freshly mixed density,equilibrium density, or oven-dry density.NOTE 5The freshly mixed density of lightweight concrete, that is the
37、only density determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than theequilibrium density or oven-dry density. Definitions of, and methods fordetermining or calculating freshly mixed, equilibrium, and oven-drydensities of lightweight concrete are covered in Test Methods C 138/C 138M and C 567.
38、6.1.7 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2of Specification C 1602/C 1602M.6.1.8 One of the following Options A, B, or C, shall be usedas the basis for determining the proportions of the fiber-reinforced concrete of the quality required.6.2 Option A:6.2.1 When the purchaser assumes
39、 responsibility for mix-ture proportioning, the following parameters shall also bespecified by the purchaser:6.2.1.1 The cement content in kilograms per cubic metrepounds per cubic yard,6.2.1.2 If supplementary cementitious materials are re-quired, the type, and amounts to be used in kilograms per c
40、ubicmetre pounds per cubic yard, or in percentages by mass ofcement,6.2.1.3 The maximum allowable amount of mixing water inlitres per cubic metre gallons per cubic yard, includingsurface moisture on the aggregates, but excluding waterabsorbed by the aggregate,6.2.1.4 If air-entraining admixtures are
41、 required, the type,name, and dosage range to be used to achieve the specified aircontent, (see 6.1.4),6.2.1.5 If chemical admixtures are required, the type, name,and dosage range to be used, and:6.2.1.6 The type of fibers to be used and the amount inkilograms per cubic metre pounds per cubic yard,
42、(seeClassification Section 4).NOTE 6The dosage of air-entraining, water-reducing (including high-range), accelerating, and retarding admixtures needed to satisfy thematerial performance requirements varies. Therefore, dosage rangesshould be specified to ensure that the material performance requireme
43、ntscan be met.NOTE 7The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he as-sumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for work-ability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density. The purchaseris referred to ACI Practices 211.1 and 211.2 for selecting proportions th
44、atwill result in concrete suitable for various types of structures andconditions of exposure, and to ACI Report 544.3R4for selecting concreteand fiber parameters suitable for fiber-reinforced concrete. For guidanceon selecting proportions for fiber-reinforced shotcrete, the purchaser isreferred to A
45、CI Reports 506.1R5and 506.R6and ACI Specification 506.2.6.2.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of concrete, furnish a statement tothe purchaser giving the sources, relative densities, sieveanalyses, and saturated surface-dry masses of fine and coar
46、seaggregates, and the amount of mixing water per cubic metreper cubic yard that will be used in the manufacture of eachclass of concrete ordered by the purchaser.6.3 Option B:6.3.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume full responsibility for mixture proportioning (see Note7), the pu
47、rchaser shall also specify the following:6.3.1.1 Requirements for flexural performance determinedin accordance with one of the following: Test Method C 1399,C 1550 or C 1609/C 1609M, using samples obtained at thepoint of discharge, or when appropriate at the point ofplacement. At the option of the p
48、urchaser, compressivestrength (Test Method C 39/C 39M) shall be specified when theflexural requirements are considered inadequate for ensuringthe quality of the matrix of the fiber-reinforced concrete.Unless accelerated curing and testing in accordance with thewarm water or boiling water procedures
49、of Test Method C 684is specified, tests shall be performed after standard moistcuring in accordance with Practices C 31/C 31M at 28 days, orsuch other ages as are specified by the purchaser.NOTE 8While flexural strength at first peak is affected by the type andamount of fibers, it is more dependent on the characteristics of the mortaror concrete matrix, so it is recommended that the purchaser, whenspecifying flexural strength at first peak, consider factors known toinfluence the strength of normal concrete such as, water-cement ratio,aggregate maximum size,
