1、Designation: C1116/C1116M 10aStandard Specification forFiber-Reinforced Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1116/C1116M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers all forms of fiber-reinforcedconcr
3、ete that are delivered to a purchaser with the ingredientsuniformly mixed, and that can be sampled and tested at thepoint of delivery. It does not cover the placement, consolida-tion, curing, or protection of the fiber-reinforced concrete afterdelivery to the purchaser.1.2 Certain sections of this s
4、pecification are also applicableto fiber-reinforced concrete intended for shotcreting by thedry-mix process when sampling and testing of concrete ispossible only at the point of placement. In this case, thesections dealing with batching plant, mixing equipment, mix-ing and delivery, and measurement
5、of workability and aircontent, are not applicable.1.3 This specification does not cover thin-section glassfiber-reinforced concrete manufactured by the spray-up processthat is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee C27.40.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be reg
6、arded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only toth
7、e test method portion, Sections 15 and 18, of this specifica-tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicab
8、ility of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A820/A820M Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concr
9、ete SpecimensC42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Co
10、ncreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Spec
11、imens in the LaboratoryC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC387 Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materialsfor Mortar and ConcreteC567 Test Method for Determining Density of StructuralLightweight ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of C
12、oncrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC684 Test Method for Making, Accelerated Curing, andTesting Concrete Compression Test SpecimensC685/C685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volumet-ric Batching and Continuous MixingC1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con-crete Aggregates for Use
13、 in Construction and Criteria forLaboratory EvaluationC1140 Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens fromShotcrete Test PanelsC1385/C1385M Practice for Sampling Materials for Shot-creteC1399 Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete1This specification is un
14、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.42 on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1116
15、/C1116M10.DOI: 10.1520/C1116_C1116M-10a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Change
16、s section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1436 Specification for Materials for ShotcreteC1480 Specification for Packaged, Pre-Blended, Dry, Com-bined Materials for Use in Wet or Dry
17、 Shotcrete Applica-tionC1550 Test Method for Flexural Toughness of Fiber Rein-forced Concrete (Using Centrally Loaded Round Panel)C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1604/C1604M Test Method for Obtaining and TestingDrilled Cores of Shotcrete
18、C1609/C1609M Test Method for Flexural Performance ofFiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-PointLoading)C1666/C1666M Specification for Alkali Resistant (AR)Glass Fiber for GFRC and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andCementD6942 Test Method for Stability of Cellulose Fibers inAlkaline Environment
19、sD7357 Specification for Cellulose Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteD7508/D7508M Specification for Polyolefin ChoppedStrands for Use in Concrete2.2 ACI Standards and Reports:211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Nor-mal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete3211.2 Standard Practice for S
20、electing Proportions for Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete3506.2 Specification for Materials, Proportioning and Appli-cation of Shotcrete33. Terminology3.1 Definitions3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard
21、:3.2.1 manufacturer, nthe producer who furnishes thefiber-reinforced concrete.3.2.2 purchaser, nthe owner, or representative thereof,who buys the fiber-reinforced concrete.4. Classification4.1 This specification classifies fiber-reinforced concrete bythe material type of the fiber incorporated.NOTE
22、1The performance of fiber-reinforced concrete depends uponthe susceptibility of the fibers to physical damage during mixing orshotcreting and to chemical damage on exposure to the cement pastesolution, which is highly alkaline and may also contain carbon dioxide,chlorides, sulfates or oxygen. Improp
23、er methods of fiber addition to aconcrete mix can lead to balling of some types of fiber; consultmanufacturer for advice as to correct method before use. The magnitudeof improvements in the mechanical properties of the concrete or shotcreteimparted by fibers can also reflect the material characteris
24、tics, geometry,and design of the fiber type.4.1.1 Type I Steel Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContainsstainless steel, alloy steel, or carbon steel fibers conforming toSpecification A820/A820M.4.1.2 Type II Glass Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContainsalkali-resistant (AR) glass fibers conforming to Specificati
25、onC1666/C1666M.4.1.3 Type III Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContains synthetic fibers for which documentary evidence canbe produced confirming their resistance to deterioration whenin contact with the moisture and alkalis present in cement pasteand the substances present in admixtures throughou
26、t theanticipated useful life of the structure (see Note 2 and 4.2).When Type III fiber-reinforced concrete contains polyolefinfibers, they shall conform to Specification D7508/D7508M.NOTE 2Fibers such as polyolefins (polypropylene and polyethylene),nylon, and carbon have been shown to be durable in
27、concrete.4.1.4 Type IV Natural Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteContains natural fibers for which documentary evidence can beproduced confirming their resistance to deterioration when incontact with the moisture and alkalis present in cement pasteand the substances present in admixtures throughout theantici
28、pated useful life of the structure. When Type IV fiber-reinforced concrete contains cellulose fibers they shall conformto Specification D7357.NOTE 3The classification, natural fibers, refers to a population offibers that are manufactured from natural fibrous resources and are usedfor the first time
29、in concrete. Depending on the initial raw material and themanufacturing process employed to produce the fiber, the final physicaland chemical fiber properties in this general classification can vary greatly.Some natural fibers are susceptible to deterioration from exposure toalkalis; Test Method D69
30、42 may be used to determine the susceptibility ofthese fibers to deterioration as a result of exposure to alkalis in concrete.Conversely, many other natural fiber types are highly resistant to alkalisand can remain in concrete with no degradation for the complete productlife cycle.4.2 When the purch
31、aser chooses to permit the use of fibersother than those complying with the classifications in 4.1, themanufacturer or supplier shall show evidence satisfactory tothe purchaser that the type of fiber proposed for use showsresistance to deterioration when in contact with the moistureand alkalis prese
32、nt in cement paste and the substances presentin admixtures throughout the anticipated useful life of thestructure.5. Basis of Purchase5.1 The basis of purchase for fiber-reinforced concrete shallbe in accordance with the Basis of Purchase Sections ofSpecification C94/C94M or Specification C685/C685M
33、.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifi-cations, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Type of fiber-reinforced concrete required. See Sec-tion 4.6.1.2 Type of cement at the purchasers option, otherwisethe cement shall be Type 1 meeting the requi
34、rements ofSpecification C150;6.1.3 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregates;6.1.4 Slump required at the point of delivery, or whenappropriate the point of placement, subject to the toleranceshereinafter specified;3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHill
35、s, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.C1116/C1116M 10a26.1.5 Air content when air-entrainment is required, based onthe air content of samples taken at the point of discharge, orwhen appropriate the point of placement, subject to thetolerances hereinafter specified;NOTE 4In selecting the specified
36、air content, the purchaser shouldconsider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected.Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not produce adequatedurability. Air contents higher than the levels shown may reduce strengthwithout contributing further to freeze-thaw resistance.6.
37、1.6 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, thepurchaser shall specify the density as freshly mixed density,equilibrium density, or oven-dry density.NOTE 5The freshly mixed density of lightweight concrete, that is theonly density determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than
38、 theequilibrium density or oven-dry density. Definitions of, and methods fordetermining or calculating freshly mixed, equilibrium, and oven-drydensities of lightweight concrete are covered in Test Methods C138/C138M and C567.6.1.7 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2of Specificati
39、on C1602/C1602M.6.1.8 One of the following Options A, B, or C, shall be usedas the basis for determining the proportions of the fiber-reinforced concrete of the quality required.6.2 Option A:6.2.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for mix-ture proportioning, the following parameters shall al
40、so bespecified by the purchaser:6.2.1.1 The cement content in kilograms per cubic metrepounds per cubic yard,6.2.1.2 If supplementary cementitious materials are re-quired, the type, and amounts to be used in kilograms per cubicmetre pounds per cubic yard, or in percentages by mass ofcement,6.2.1.3 T
41、he maximum allowable amount of mixing water inlitres per cubic metre gallons per cubic yard, includingsurface moisture on the aggregates, but excluding waterabsorbed by the aggregate,6.2.1.4 If air-entraining admixtures are required, the type,name, and dosage range to be used to achieve the specifie
42、d aircontent, (see 6.1.4),6.2.1.5 If chemical admixtures are required, the type, name,and dosage range to be used, and:6.2.1.6 The type of fibers to be used and the amount inkilograms per cubic metre pounds per cubic yard, (seeClassification Section 4).NOTE 6The dosage of air-entraining, water-reduc
43、ing (including high-range), accelerating, and retarding admixtures needed to satisfy thematerial performance requirements varies. Therefore, dosage rangesshould be specified to ensure that the material performance requirementscan be met.NOTE 7The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he as-
44、sumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for work-ability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density. The purchaseris referred to ACI Practices 211.1 and 211.2 for selecting proportions thatwill result in concrete suitable for various types of structures andconditi
45、ons of exposure, and to ACI Report 544.3R4for selecting concreteand fiber parameters suitable for fiber-reinforced concrete. For guidanceon selecting proportions for fiber-reinforced shotcrete, the purchaser isreferred to ACI Reports 506.1R5and 506.R6and ACI Specification 506.2.6.2.2 At the request
46、of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of concrete, furnish a statement tothe purchaser giving the sources, relative densities, sieveanalyses, and saturated surface-dry masses of fine and coarseaggregates, and the amount of mixing water per cubic metreper cubic yard th
47、at will be used in the manufacture of eachclass of concrete ordered by the purchaser.6.3 Option B:6.3.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume full responsibility for mixture proportioning (see Note7), the purchaser shall also specify the following:6.3.1.1 Requirements for flexural pe
48、rformance determinedin accordance with one of the following: Test Method C1399,C1550 or C1609/C1609M, using samples obtained at the pointof discharge, or when appropriate at the point of placement. Atthe option of the purchaser, compressive strength (Test MethodC39/C39M) shall be specified when the
49、flexural requirementsare considered inadequate for ensuring the quality of the matrixof the fiber-reinforced concrete. Unless accelerated curing andtesting in accordance with the warm water or boiling waterprocedures of Test Method C684 is specified, tests shall beperformed after standard moist curing in accordance withPractices C31/C31M at 28 days, or such other ages as arespecified by the purchaser.NOTE 8While flexural strength at first peak is affected by the type andamount of fibers, it is more dependent on the characteristics of the mortaror concrete ma
