1、Designation: C1123/C1123M 90 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Test Method forCompressibility and Recovery of Asbestos1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1123/C1123M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was corrected editorially in March 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
3、 bulkingfactor of spinning grade fiber. These include grade 4A andlonger.21.2 Results obtained on other grades may be considered asan evaluation of their bulk fiber resilience.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ine
4、ach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthri
5、sks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Co
6、ntrolMeasures.”31.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use
7、. For specific hazardwarning, see 1.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D2590 Test Method for Sampling Chrysotile AsbestosD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsD3879 Test Method for Sampling Amphibole Asbestos5E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM T
8、est Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Terms relating to asbestos are found inTerminology D2946.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The height of a weighed specimen obtained in compli-ance with sampling Test Methods D2590 or D3879 is deter-mined under a heavy ram in a graduated cylinder. The ram isthen
9、removed and the height of the specimen is again mea-sured. Measurements are repeated until no change is noted inthe readings.4.2 The heights of the specimen under pressure, and afterpressure release, are termed “compression” and “recovery,”respectively. The percentage difference is reported as “perc
10、entrecovery.”5. Significance and Use5.1 The value of compression (as described in 9.5)isproportional to the bulk under moderate pressure.5.2 The value of percent recovery is a measure of springi-ness or bulk fiber resilience.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-R
11、einforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1123 90(2004)1.DOI: 10.1520/C1123_C
12、1123M-90R09E01.2QAMA standard designation of chrysolite asbestos grades. Available fromAsbestos Institute, 1130 W. Sherbrooke St., Suite 410, Montreal, QC Canada, H3A2M8.3Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
13、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
14、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus6.1 Graduated Cylinder and Weighed Ram, as described inFig. 1.NOTE 1The scale shall be calibrated in SI units, and alternatively inother units.7. Hazards7.1 Warningsee 1.4.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Sampling
15、Take samples in accordance with TestMethod D2590 in the case of chrysotile asbestos, or TestMethod D3879 in the case of amphibole asbestos.8.2 Test SpecimensTake two specimens of 113.4 6 0.1 g46 0.005 oz each.9. Procedure9.1 Pour a specimen into the graduated cylinder.NOTE 2It may be advantageous to
16、 use a wide-mouth funnel forpouring the specimen.NOTE 3It may be necessary to obstruct the observation slot in the wallof the graduated cylinder while pouring in the shorter fibered, and themore free-flowing grades of asbestos, to prevent specimen loss. This maybe done by wedging a wooden rod of app
17、ropriate thickness and length,into the slot. Take care that the obstruction does not project inside thecylinder.9.2 Fit the ram and cap assembly into position and simplyallow the ram to compress the specimen under the force ofgravity for 60 s (1 min).9.3 If the observation slot was obstructed during
18、 specimenadmission, remove the obstruction. Note the height of thespecimen at the end of the 60 s dwell period to the nearest 0.5mm 6164 in.NOTE 4It is permissible at this point in the procedure to insert a thinpointer, such as a needle, through the observation slot, and to let this restatop the asb
19、estos surface to facilitate reading the scale with precision.9.4 Upon removal of the ram, the height of the specimenmay change. Note this new height, to the same precision.9.5 Repeat the compression cycle until the released mea-surement, and measurements under pressure, become constant.Record these
20、measurements as recovery and compression,respectively.9.6 Repeat 9.1-9.5 for the second specimen.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate percent recovery as follows:Percent Recovery 5Recovery 2 Compression!3100/Compression(1)10.2 Calculate the average compression and the averagepercent recovery for both speci
21、mens and determine the devia-tion from the average in each case.11. Report11.1 Fully identify the sample as to designation and origin.11.2 Report average compression for the two acceptablespecimens to 6 0.5 mm 6164 in.11.3 Record the average of two concordant results andreport the percent recovery t
22、o the nearest 0.5 %.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Acceptable ResultsIf the deviation for either deter-mination from the average result exceeds 5 %, then testadditional specimens until a pair of specimens meet thesecriteria, and accept only the latter.12.2 Precision:12.2.1 Based upon a study carried out
23、 in 1972 at onelaboratory on spinning grades only, the following measures ofprecision were established, as defined in Practice E177.12.2.1.1 Repeatability, meaning single-laboratory-apparatusmulti-operator-day precision, was established at 28.1 % (rela-tive difference two-sigma limits in percent (RD
24、2S%) forpercent recovery over the range from 8 to 14 % recovery.12.2.1.2 Repeatability was 3.43 % (relative difference two-sigma limits in percent (RD2S%) for compression over therange from 79 to 104 mm 3664 to 4764 in. of compression.12.3 BiasNo justifiable statement on the bias can be madesince th
25、e true values cannot be established by an acceptedreferee method.FIG. 1 Compressibility and Recovery ApparatusC1123/C1123M 90 (2009)1213. Keywords13.1 asbestos; bulk resilience; bulking factor; compressibil-ity; compressibility and recovery; recovery; resilience; springi-nessASTM International takes
26、 no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own resp
27、onsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addresse
28、d to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the
29、address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1123/C1123M 90 (2009)13
