1、Designation: C 1127 01Standard Guide forUse of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-AppliedElastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an IntegralWearing Surface1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1127; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes the design and installation of coldliquid-applied ela
3、stomeric waterproofing membrane systemsthat have an integral wearing surface. The cold liquid-appliedelastomeric waterproofing membrane (membrane) to whichthis guide refers is specified in Specification C 957.1.2 Concrete Slab-on-GradeWaterproofing the upper sur-face of a concrete slab on grade pres
4、ents special problems dueto the possibility of negative hydrostatic pressure causing lossof bond to the substrate. Consideration of these problems isbeyond the scope of this guide. Consult the membrane manu-facturer for recommendations when this situation exists.1.3 The committee having jurisdiction
5、 for this guide is notaware of any similar ISO standard.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresp
6、onsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements see Note in 15.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC
7、150 Specification for Portland CementC 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC 332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-ing ConcreteC 717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC 755 Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders forThermal Insulati
8、onC 920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsC 957 Specification for High-Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane With Inte-gral Wearing SurfaceC 962 Guide for Use of Elastomeric Joint Sealants3C 1193 Guide for Use of Joint SealantsD 653 Terminology Relating to
9、Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 1752 Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber Corkand Recycled PVC Expansion Joint Fillers for ConcretePaving and Structural ConstructionD 2628 Specification for Preformed Polychloroprene Elas-tomeric Joint Seals for Concrete Pavements2.2 U.S. Department of Commerce
10、 Standard:Product Standard PS 1-74 Construction and Industrial Ply-wood42.3 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standard:301-84 (1985) Specification for Structural Concrete forBuildings52.4 Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) Standards:Steel Structures Painting Manual, Systems and Specifica-tions
11、:Specification SSPC SP-2 Wire Brush Cleaning6Specification SSPC SP-6 Commercial Blast Cleaning62.5 American Plywood Association (APA) Standard:APA Plywood Construction Guide73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C 717 for the fol-lowing terms used in this guide: bond breaker; cellular; c
12、oldjoint; compatibility; compound; construction joint; control1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.22 on Water-proofing and Dampproofing Systems.Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published J
13、uly 2001. Originallypublished as C 1127 89. Last previous edition C 1127 95.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
14、e ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,MD 20899.5Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit,MI 48219.6Available from Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh,PA 15213.7Available from Am
15、erican Plywood Assoc. (Forest Industries), P.O. Box 11700,Tacoma, WA 98411.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.joint; creep; dry film thickness; elastomer; expansion joint;gasket; isolation joint; joint; laitance; primer;
16、 reglet; rein-forced joint; sealant; spalling.3.2 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cold-appliedcapable of being applied without heat-ing as contrasted to hot-applied.3.2.1.1 DiscussionCold-applied products are furnished ina liquid state, whereas hot-applied products are furnished
17、 assolids that must be heated to liquefy them.3.2.2 curing timethe period between application and thetime when the material attains its intended physical properties.3.2.3 deckthe horizontal structural substrate supportingthe plaza deck system.3.2.4 deflectionthe deviation of a structural element fro
18、mits original shape or plane due to physical loading, temperaturegradients, or rotation of its support.3.2.5 finishthe exposed top surface of the plaza decksystem, or traffic or wearing surface.3.2.6 flashinga generic term describing the transitionalarea between the waterproofing membrane and surfac
19、es abovethe wearing surface of the plaza; a terminal closure or barrierto prevent ingress of water into the system.3.2.7 floated finisha concrete finish provided by consoli-dating and leveling the concrete with only a power driven orhand float, or both.3.2.7.1 DiscussionA floated finish is more coar
20、se than atroweled finish. For specifications, see ACI Specification 301.3.2.8 freeze-thaw cyclethe freezing and subsequent thaw-ing of a material.3.2.9 groutconcrete containing no coarse aggregate; athin mortar.3.2.10 preparatory coatan initial coat of the liquid-applied membrane which is applied at
21、 cracks, joints, orterminal points to provide reinforcement to the membrane atthese critical areas.3.2.11 structural slaba horizontal, supporting, cast-in-place concrete building deck.3.2.12 traffc surfacea surface exposed to traffic, eitherpedestrian or vehicular.3.2.13 troweled finisha concrete fi
22、nish provided bysmoothing the surface with power-driven or hand trowels, orboth, after the float finishing operation.3.2.13.1 DiscussionAtroweled finish is smoother than thefloated finish. For specifications, see ACI Specification 301.3.2.14 wearing surfacesee traffc surface.3.2.15 wet-film thicknes
23、sthe thickness of a liquid coatingas it is applied.3.2.16 wet-film gaugea gauge for measuring the thicknessof a wet film.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide is divided into two sections which providedesign and specification guidelines for the use of a coldliquid-applied elastomeric membrane with i
24、ntegral wearingsurface for waterproofing building decks in building areas to beoccupied by personnel, vehicles, or equipment.4.2 The intent of Sections 5-11, Design Considerations, is toprovide information and design guidelines where a waterproof-ing membrane with integral wearing surface is to be u
25、sed. Theintent of the remaining sections is to provide minimum guidespecifications for the use of the purchaser and the seller incontract documents.4.3 Where the state of the art is such that criteria for aparticular condition is not as yet firmly established or hasnumerous variables that require co
26、nsideration, reference ismade to the applicable portion of Sections 5-11 that covers theparticular area of concern. Section 16 describes the repair,rehabilitation, and replacement of the membrane.DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS5. General5.1 Major Components, Subsystems, and FeaturesDesignof plaza deck waterpr
27、oofing includes consideration of severalsubsystems, with their material components and interrelation-ships. The specific project requirements, types of substratesexposed to weather, difference in climatic conditions to whichthe deck is exposed, and interior environmental requirementsof the occupied
28、space, are major determinants in the selectionof components. Information needed to design the deck sub-systems includes temperature extremes of the inner and outersurfaces, precipitation rates, solar exposure, prevailing winddirection, the pattern and reflectivity of adjacent structures,anticipated
29、amount and intensity of vibration resulting fromfunction or adjacent occupancies, and design live loads.5.2 Major SubsystemsThe major subsystems to be con-sidered in waterproofing a building deck are the structuralbuilding deck or substrate to be waterproofed, deck supports,traffic-bearing waterproo
30、fing membrane, drainage, membraneterminations, and joint systems (see Fig. 1). The designguidelines, as well as the details, components, and drawingswhich follow, illustrate a principle but are not necessarily theonly solutions for a diversity of environments.5.3 CompatibilityComponents and contiguo
31、us elementsshould be compatible and coordinated to form a totallyintegrated waterproofing system.5.4 Waterproofing MembraneThe waterproofing mem-brane may be composed of several components, such assubstrate primer(s), base coat(s), top coat(s), and antiskidaggregate(s), and each material may be sing
32、le or multi-component. The thickness of each coat, the use of primers, aswell as the type and amount of aggregates needed for eachparticular application, vary according to the exposure condi-tions. Areas of high stress and wear, such as sharp turn radiiand areas with heavy acceleration and braking f
33、rom vehiculartraffic, require a greater application thickness of the membraneand aggregate than do areas of lower stress. The membranesystem must be applied at a thickness great enough toFIG. 1 Basic Components of Cold-Applied ElastomericWaterproofing Membrane with Integral Wearing Course (see 5.2an
34、d 5.4)C1127012withstand the conditions of use. The actual thickness of eachcoat required for a particular application and the use ofaggregate in topcoats should be established between thepurchaser and the seller. The purchaser should specify that theminimum membrane or film thickness meets or exceed
35、s therequirements for the particular application and substrate.5.5 Membrane WearThe liquid-applied elastomeric mem-brane forms the wearing surface of the building deck andtherefore can be expected to show wear and deterioration. Theinstalled membrane system requires maintenance to providemaximum lif
36、e and waterproofing protection. A program ofregularly scheduled inspections (that is, annual, semi-annual,or quarterly) shall be established to detect problems beforemajor damage occurs to the membrane. Small areas of highwear (such as a sharp turn in a parking deck) or areas subjectedto abuse can a
37、nd should be repaired. If the top coat or wearingsurface has begun to deteriorate, the wearing surface (includingaggregate) can be rehabilitated. Should the membrane systembecome worn to the point where large areas of the decksubstrate are visible, the membrane system probably will haveto be complet
38、ely replaced and structural repairs may berequired. Loss of watertight integrity should not be permittedas corrosion of reinforcing steel can occur, causing spalling andthereby jeopardizing the structural integrity of the deck.6. Cast-In-Place Concrete6.1 GeneralThe concrete substrate or building de
39、ck re-ferred to in this guide is reinforced, cast-in-place structuralconcrete, which should conform to all requirements of ACISpecification 301.6.2 StrengthThe strength of concrete is an importantfactor since liquid-applied elastomeric membranes have amuch higher modulus and tensile strength than a
40、typicalbuilding sealant or a waterproofing membrane normally usedwith a separate wearing course. (For example, the 100 %(tensile) modulus value may range up to 34.47 MPa (5000psi).) The concrete must have sufficient strength to avoidrupture at the bond line of the membrane when the membraneis under
41、tensile or shear stress. The strength of concrete is alsoa factor to be considered insofar as it relates to finish, bondstrength, and continuing integrity (absence of cracks and otherdefects that could affect the integrity of the membrane afterinstallation). Thus, the concrete should have a minimumc
42、ompressive strength of 20.68 MPa (3000 psi) when themembrane is applied.6.3 Aggregates and Moisture ContentConcrete is a com-plex mixture of portland cement, water, aggregates and, op-tionally, admixtures. The portland cement used should be inconformance with Specification C 150, Type I or III. (Typ
43、es II,IV, and V are rarely, if ever, used in building deck construc-tion.) Aggregates generally available for use in concrete are inconformance with Specifications C 33, C 330, and C 332. Themoisture content of the cured concrete, which is related to thetype of aggregate used, can affect the adhesio
44、n of the water-proofing membrane to the substrate. With an excessively highmoisture content, moisture may condense at the interface of themembrane and concrete, and cause membrane delamination.This is particularly so if the top surface is cooler than theconcrete below. Lower moisture contents are ac
45、hieved with theuse of dense stone aggregates conforming to SpecificationC33, which generally provides structural concrete witha3to5 % moisture content when cured. Aggregates conforming toSpecification C 330 will provide lightweight structural con-crete generally havinga5to20%moisture content whencur
46、ed. Aggregates conforming to Specification C 332 providelightweight insulating concrete, generally having a relativelylow compressive strength and capable of having over 20 %moisture content when cured. The concrete used for the decksubstrate should have a maximum moisture content of 8 %when cured a
47、nd a minimum density of 1760 kg/m3(110 lb/ft3).Hence, a limited number of lightweight aggregates (Specifica-tion C 330) may be used, and no lightweight insulatingaggregates (Specification C 332) shall be used.6.4 Admixtures, Additives, and Cement/ConcreteModifiersAdmixtures, additives, and modifiers
48、 serve manyfunctions in mixing, forming, and curing concrete, such as toretard or accelerate the cure rate; reduce the water contentrequired; entrain air; increase strength; create or improve theability of the concrete to bond to existing, cured concrete;permit thin topping overlayers; and improve w
49、orkability. Someadmixtures and modifiers (particularly polymeric, latex orother organic/chemical based materials) may coat the concreteparticles and reduce the ability of the waterproofing membraneto bond to the concrete. The membrane manufacturer should beconsulted if the concrete used for the deck contains anyadmixtures, additives, or modifiers in order to determine thecompatibility of the membrane with the concrete.6.5 Underside Metal Liner and CoatingThe underside ofthe concrete deck should not be impervious to water, but rathershould permit the
