1、Designation: C1162/C1162M 90 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Test Method forLoose Density of Asbestos1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1162/C1162M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was corrected editorially in March 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loosedensity o
3、f asbestos fiber for Groups 5 to 9, inclusive (asdetermined by Test Method D3639).21.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of
4、 the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions
5、, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”31.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a
6、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazard warning, see 1.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D2590 Test
7、 Method for Sampling Chrysotile AsbestosD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsD3639 Test Method for Classification of Asbestos by Que-bec Standard TestD3879 Test Method for Sampling Amphibole Asbestos5E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 Oth
8、er Standard:Quebec Standard Designation of Chrysotile Asbestos FiberGrades23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology D2946.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method consists of measuring the weight of a1770-cm3116 ft3 volume of asbestos fiber, and of computingthe loose density in kilogram
9、s per cubic meter (pounds percubic foot).5. Significance and Use5.1 Loose density gives an indication of the degree offiberization, harshness, and loftiness of asbestos fiber.6. Apparatus6.1 Container, 1770 cm3116 ft3 in volume made of plastictubing 12.7 cm 5 in. inner diameter, with 6-mm 0.25-in.th
10、ick walls and 13.4-cm 5.5-in. internal height (commerciallyavailable tubing). The bottom consists of a flat disk of the sameplastic cemented to the tubing.6.2 Scoop, capable of holding at least 2.8 dm30.1 ft3.6.3 Straight-edged Spatula or Ruler.7. Safety Hazards7.1 Warningsee 1.3.1This test method i
11、s under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition
12、approved in 2004 as C116290(2004)1.DOI: 10.1520/C1162_C1162M-90R09E01.2The classification is available from the Asbestos Institute, 1130 Sherbrooke St.West, Suite 410 Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2M8.3Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
13、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM Internation
14、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 SamplingTake samples in accordance with TestMethod D2590 in the case of chrysotile asbestos or TestMethod D3879 in the case of amphibole asbestos.8.2 Test Specimens:
15、8.2.1 The test specimen must exceed the volume of thecontainer by approximately 50 %. Therefore its volume mustbe at least 2.8 dm30.1 ft3.8.2.2 Two specimens are required.9. Procedure9.1 Place the specimen in the scoop and hold the latter 8 to10 cm 3 to 4 in. above the container.9.2 Pour the specime
16、n into the container using a continuousshaking motion and fill the container to overflowing.9.3 Using the spatula, or a ruler, immediately level off thefiber to the top of the container. Do this in several passes toavoid compressing the fiber.9.4 Determine the mass of fiber contained in the measure
17、tothe nearest 2 g 0.1 oz.NOTE 1The mass in ounces is equivalent to the loose density inpounds per cubic foot.9.5 Repeat the procedure on the second specimen.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the loose density in kilograms per cubiccentimetre pounds per cubic foot.10.2 Average the results of the two spec
18、imens.10.3 If equivalent units are desired, divide results in kilo-grams per cubic metre by 16.03 to get pounds per cubic foot.11. Report11.1 Report results in kilograms per cubic centimetrepounds per cubic foot.11.2 Fully identify the sample as to designation and origin.12. Precision and Bias12.1 P
19、recision:12.1.1 The single-laboratory-apparatus multi-operatordayprecision (repeatability) is 62 % (two sigma limits expressedin units of percentage) (2S %) as defined in Practice E177 overthe range of 160 to 1600 kg/m310 to 100 lb/ft3.12.1.2 A partial verification of the repeatability that con-firm
20、ed the above data is on file at ASTM Headquarters.612.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on the bias can be madesince the true values of loose density cannot be established byan accepted referee method.13. Keywords13.1 asbestos; bulk; bulk density; loose densityASTM International takes no position respe
21、cting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This st
22、andard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internat
23、ional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown belo
24、w.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).6Research Report available at ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:C17-1003.C1162/C1162M 90 (2009)12
