1、Designation: C118 15Standard Specification forConcrete Pipe for Irrigation or Drainage1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C118; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe tobe used for the conveyance of irrigation water with workingpressures, including hydrauli
3、c transients, as shown in Table 1and for use in drainage.1.2 A complete SI companion to Specification C118 hasbeen developedC118M; therefore, no SI equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is for manufacturing and purchase only anddoes not include requirements for bedd
4、ing, backfill, installation, or fieldrepairs. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate field conditions withthe characteristics of the pipe specified and provide inspection duringinstallation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150/C150M Spe
5、cification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, orTileC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal F
6、ly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Speci
7、fication for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specificat
8、ion shallbe known as “ASTM Standard Concrete Irrigation Pipe,”“ASTM Standard Concrete Drainage Pipe,” or “ASTM Heavy-Duty Concrete Drainage Pipe.”5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by theresults of the tests prescribed in this specification, if and whenrequir
9、ed and by inspection to determine whether the pipeconforms to this specification as to design and freedom fromdefects.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, admixture, if used, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall con
10、form to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement,or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirementsof Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan con-stituent in the Type IP portland-pozzol
11、an cement shall be flyash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the re-quirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combinat
12、ion of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only;6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only;6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only;6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only;6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cem
13、ent and fly ash;1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in
14、1935. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C118 11. DOI:10.1520/C0118-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
15、the ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement;6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, fly ash and
16、slag cement; or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and flyash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the require-ments of Specification C33/C33M, except that the require-ments for gradation shall not apply.6.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends areallowable:6.4.1 Air-entr
17、aining admixture conforming to SpecificationC260/C260M.6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to SpecificationC494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowingconcrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 FibersSynthetic
18、 fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall beallowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concretepipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers(Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type 1) designedand manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conform-ing to the
19、requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shallbe accepted.6.6 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shallbe potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accor-dance with Table 1 for standard c
20、oncrete irrigation pipe or withthe applicable part of Table 2 for concrete drainage pipe. Wallthicknesses used shall be not less than the values shown, exceptas affected by the tolerances herein specified and by theprovision for alternative design.7.2 Modified DesignManufacturers shall submit to the
21、owner for approval prior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1 or Table 2. Such pipe shallmeet all of the test and performance requirements specified bythe owner in accordance with Section 10.7.3 Laying LengthsUnless otherwise specified by theowner when calling for bids,
22、maximum lengths of individualunits of drainage pipe shall not exceed 30 in. for sizes 4 in.through 6 in., 36 in. for sizes 8 in. through 15 in., and 48 in. forlarger sizes.8. Joints8.1 The joints of both irrigation and drainage pipe shall beof such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections s
23、oformed that the pipe can be laid together to make a continuousline of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given inSection 11.8.1.1 The joints of concrete drain tile shall conform to 8.1without the use of mortar or other jointing material and allowwater to enter without permitting the en
24、trance of deleteriousamounts of solids.9. Concrete Mixture9.1 The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, andthoroughly mixed with such proportions of cementitious ma-terials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the testand de
25、sign requirements of this specification.10. Physical Requirements10.1 Test SpecimensSpecimens for tests shall be full-sizepipe, which shall in every respect conform to the inspectionrequirements prescribed in this specification.10.2 Number and Type of Tests Required:10.2.1 The specimens to be tested
26、 shall be selected atrandom by the owner at the place of manufacture, and shall betested in advance of shipment. The manufacturer shall furnishspecimens for purpose of tests, without charge, up to 0.5 % ofthe number of pipe of each size included in the order, exceptTABLE 1 Standard Dimensions, Worki
27、ng Pressure, and TestRequirements for Standard Concrete Irrigation PipeAInternalDesignatedDiameter, in.Thicknessof Wall,T,in.WorkingPressure,BftMinimumInternalHydrostaticTest Pressure,psiMinimumThree-Edge-BearingLoad, lbf/linear ft678 30 50 13008 1 30 50 135010 118 30 50 140012 114 25 45 150014 138
28、25 45 160015 112 25 45 165016 112 25 45 170018 134 25 45 180020 2 25 40 185021 218 25 40 190024 214 25 40 2000AFor hydrostatic test requirements, refer to 10.5.BHigher working pressures are not prohibited up to a maximum of 40 ft for 6through 8-in. diameters, 35 ft for 10 through 12-in. diameters, a
29、nd 30 ft for 14-in.through 24-in. diameters. In these cases, the strength of the pipe shall beincreased to give a minimum of at least four times the design working pressurewhen tested as specified in 10.5.TABLE 2 Physical Test Requirements for Standard and Heavy-Duty Concrete Drainage PipeAInternalD
30、esignated Diameter,in.Standard Drainage Pipe Heavy-Duty Drainage PipeThicknessof Wall,in.MinimumThree-Edge-Bearing Load, lbf/linear ftThicknessof Wall,in.MinimumThree-Edge-Bearing Load,lbf/linear ft434 120034 1400534 125034 1400678 130078 14008 1 1350 1 150010 118 1400 118 155012 114 1500 114 170014
31、 138 1600 112 185015 112 1650 112 198016 112 1700 158 210018 134 1800 2 234020 2 1850 214 250021 218 1900 214 268024 214 2000 212 3000AFor absorption test requirements, refer to 10.4.C118 152that in no case shall less than two specimens be furnished, themanufacturer bearing all expense of testing ea
32、ch pipe. Shoulda larger number of specimens be tested upon demand of theowner or manufacturer, then the cost of such additional testspecimens and the expense of testing shall be borne by theparty making such demand.10.2.2 The owner shall specify the proportion of irrigationpipe specimens that shall
33、be subjected to the three-edge-bearing load tests, and the proportion that shall be subjected tothe hydrostatic test.10.2.3 All drainage pipe to be tested shall be subjected tothe three-edge-bearing load tests, and one half of the number ofpipe so tested shall be subjected to the Test Method A or Te
34、stMethod B absorption test in accordance with Test MethodsC497, or other absorption test approved by the owner.10.3 External Load Test RequirementsThe pipe, whentested in accordance with Test Methods C497 shall sustain theload prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 for each respective sizeand class of pip
35、e.10.3.1 It is not prohibited to fill depressions of exteriorsurface irregularities with plaster of paris to equalize thebearing surfaces. If mutually agreed upon between the manu-facturer and owner, other types of bearings such as hard rubberblocks or sand-filled high-pressure hose are acceptable.
36、Theuser of this specification is advised that sand or other loose finematerial may be spread along the length of the crown of thepipe to equalize the upper bearing.10.3.2 The load shall be applied continuously until thestrength specified in Table 1 or Table 2 is reached. The pipeshall not be allowed
37、 to stand under load longer than is requiredto apply the load and to observe and record it. The pipe shallbe surface-dry when tested. Tests shall not be made on frozenpipe.10.4 Absorption TestTest specimens shall be subjected tothe boiling absorption test in accordance with Test MethodsC497. For Tes
38、t Method A, three test specimens shall be takenfrom each pipe unit to be tested; one of the pieces shall betaken from one end of the pipe, another piece from the oppositeend, and the third piece from near the center. For Test MethodA, each test specimen shall be free of visible cracks, shall havea m
39、inimum area of not less than 20 in.2as measured on onesurface. The average absorption of the three specimens shall beconsidered to be the absorption for that pipe. The absorption ofconcrete drainage pipe as determined by the boiling absorptiontest shall not exceed 9 % for Test Method A or 8.5 % for
40、TestMethod B.10.5 Hydrostatic Tests:10.5.1 Irrigation pipe, when tested in accordance with thehydrostatic test procedures of Test Methods C497, shall sustainan internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi for 10 min withoutexcessive leakage through the wall of the pipe. Moistureappearing on the surface o
41、f the pipe in the form of patches orbeads adhering to the surface shall not be considered asexcessive leakage. Slow-forming beads of water from pinholesthat result in minor dripping and slight pinhole spurts that willnot interfere with the use of the pipe in service will not because for rejection.10
42、.5.2 The pipe shall not fail when, after completion of theportion of the test described in 10.5.1, the pressure is increasedto the minimum hydrostatic pressure specified in Table 1.10.6 RetestsIrrigation pipe shall be acceptable under theload and hydrostatic test requirements when all test specimens
43、conform to the test requirements. Drainage pipe shall beacceptable under the load and absorption test requirementswhen all the test specimens conform to the test requirements.Should any of the initial test specimens fail to meet the testrequirements, the manufacturer will be allowed a retest on twoa
44、dditional specimens for each initial specimen that failed, andthe tested lot will be acceptable only if all retest specimensmeet the test requirements. In the event these retest specimensdo not fully conform to the test requirements, the entire lotshall be rejected without further test. The manufact
45、urer shallbear all the expense of retesting.11. Permissible Variations11.1 Internal DiameterThe internal diameter shall not beless than the values shown in Table 1 and Table 2 by more than316 in. for pipe 4, 5, or 6 in. in diameter, by more than14 in. forpipe from 8 to 18 in. in diameter, and by not
46、 more than516 in.for pipe over 18 in. in diameter.11.2 Wall ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness of thepipe shall be not more than 5 %, or116 in., whichever isgreater, less than the wall thickness specified in Table 1 orTable 2 for the applicable class of pipe, or as specified in anapproved alternati
47、ve design.12. Workmanship and Finish12.1 Pipe shall be substantially free of fractures and surfaceroughness.13. Repairs13.1 Pipe repaired because of occasional imperfections inmanufacturing or accidental injury during handling will beacceptable if, in the opinion of the owner, the repairs are sounda
48、nd properly finished and cured and the repaired pipe conformsto the requirements of this specification.14. Inspection14.1 The quality of all materials and the finished pipe shallbe subject to inspection and approval by the owner.15. Rejection15.1 Individual pipe units shall be subject to rejection o
49、naccount of failure to conform to any of the specificationrequirements or on account of any of the following:15.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall exceptfor an end crack that does not exceed the depth of the joint, ora fracture that at its deepest point does not exceed the depth ofthe joint nor extend more than 10 % around the circumferenceof the joint.15.1.2 Defects that indicate mixing and molding, not incompliance with 9.1.15.1.3 The complete absence of distinct web-like markingsfrom the external surface of th
