1、Designation: C1201/C1201M 09C1201/C1201M 15Standard Test Method forStructural Performance of Exterior Dimension StoneCladding Systems by Uniform Static Air PressureDifference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1201/C1201M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
3、 structural performance of dimension stone cladding systems under positiveand negative uniform static air pressure differences, using a test chamber.1.2 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.1.3 This test method describes the
4、 apparatus and the procedure to be used for applying either specific test loads or unknownultimate values of uniformity distributed test loads to a specimen.1.3.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when deflections at maximum load only are required.1.3.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a
5、 load-deflection curve is required.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two
6、systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
7、 of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Sampling and Preparation2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI A58.1 Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads in Buildings and Othe
8、r Structures32.3 AAMA Standard:AAMA TIR-A2 Design Wind Loads for Aluminum Curtain Walls43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 permanent deformationthe permanent displacement from an original position that remains after an applied load has beenremoved.3.1.2 specimenth
9、e entire assembled unit submitted for test as described in Section 8.3.1.3 test loadthe specified difference in static air pressure (positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,expressed in pounds-force per square foot Pascals.3.1.4 ultimate loadthe difference in static air pressure
10、 (positive or negative) at which failure of the specimen occurs, expressedin pounds-force per square foot Pascals.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved Apr
11、il 1, 2009May 1, 2015. Published April 2009July 2015. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 asC120191(2003).C120109. DOI: 10.1520/C1201_C1201M-09.10.1520/C1201_C1201M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Ser
12、vice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from American Ar
13、chitectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be
14、technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
15、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen into or against one face of a test chamber; supplying air to, orexhausting air from, the chamber at the rate required to maintain the test-pressure differ
16、ence across the specimen; and observing,measuring, and recording the deflection, deformations, and nature of any failures.5,65. Significance and Use5.1 This test method gives a standard procedure for determining structural performance under uniform static air pressuredifference. This typically is in
17、tended to represent the effects of wind loads on exterior building surface elements. The actual loadingon building surfaces is quite complex, varying with wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape, terrain, surroundingstructures, and other factors. These factors are discussed in the
18、literature in 2.12.2 and 2.22.3 and Footnotes 4 and 5.NOTE 1In applying the results of tests by this test method, it should be borne in mind that the performance of a cladding system may be a functionof fabrication, installation, and adjustment, and that the specimen may or may not truly represent t
19、he actual structure. In service, the performance willalso depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, to vibration, to thermalexpansion and contraction, etc.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus is general in nature
20、; any equipment capable of performing the test procedure within theallowable tolerances is permitted.NOTE 2Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on selecting, preparing, and conditioning test specimens.6.2 Major Components (see Fig. 1):6.2.1 Test ChamberAtest chamber or box with an opening
21、, a removable mounting panel, or one open side in which, or againstwhich, the specimen is installed. Care should be taken when designing the chamber-to-specimen seal, to avoid edge conditions notrepresentative of the cladding system being tested. At least one static pressure tap shall be provided to
22、 measure the chamberpressure and shall be so located that the reading is unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to or from the chamber, or any otherair movement. The air supply opening into the chamber shall be arranged so that the air does not impinge directly on the testspecimen. A means of
23、access into the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjustments and observations after the specimen hasbeen installed.NOTE 3The test chamber and the specimen mounting frame must not deflect under the test load in such a manner that the performance of the specimenwill be affected.6.2.2 Air SystemA
24、controllable blower, a compressed-air supply, an exhaust system, or reversible controllable blowerdesigned to provide the required maximum air-pressure difference across the specimen. The system shall provide an essentiallyconstant air-pressure difference for the required test period.5 ASHRAE Handbo
25、ok of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Chapter 26, 1977.6 “Wind Forces on Structures ,” Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineer, Vol 126, Part II, Paper 3269, 1961, pp. 11241198.FIG. 1 General Arrangement of Testing Appara
26、tusC1201/C1201M 152NOTE 4It is convenient to use a reversible blower or a separate pressure and exhaust system to provide the required air-pressure difference so thatthe test specimen can be tested for the effect of positive pressure and for the effect of negative pressure without removing, reversin
27、g, and reinstalling thetest specimen. If an adequate air supply is available, a completely airtight seal need not be provided around the perimeter of the test specimen and themounting panel, although it is preferable. However, substantial air leakage will require an air supply of much greater capaci
28、ty to maintain the requiredpressure differences.6.2.3 Pressure-Measuring ApparatusA device to measure the test pressure difference within an accuracy of 62 %.6.2.4 Deflection-Measuring SystemA means of measuring deflections with an accuracy of 60.001 in. 60.02 mm.6.2.4.1 Stone deflections shall be m
29、easured perpendicular to the stone surface at anchorage locations and at the position ofmaximum displacement. Additional locations for deflection measurements, if required, shall be stated by the specifier.6.2.4.2 Deflection gauges shall be supported independently of the cladding system being tested
30、.6.2.4.3 For tests to determine the ultimate performance of a specimen, deflection-measuring devices with lesser precision maybe used due to possible destruction of the instruments.7. Hazards7.1 Take proper precautions to protect the observers in the event of any failure. At the pressures used in th
31、is test method,considerable energy and hazard are involved. In cases of failure, the hazard to personnel is less with an exhaust system, as thespecimen will tend to blow into the test chamber rather than out. Do not permit personnel in such chambers during tests.8. Test Specimens8.1 Test specimens s
32、hall be of sufficient size and extent to determine the performance of all typical components of the claddingsystem.8.1.1 All parts of the test specimen shall be full size, using the same materials, material finishes, details, and methods ofconstruction, and anchorage as used, or planned to be used,
33、on the building.8.1.2 Accurately simulate conditions of structural support back to a reasonably unyielding support.8.2 Test a minimum of five specimens.NOTE 5It should be recognized that performance is likely to be a function of size and geometry. Therefore, one should select specimens coveringthe r
34、ange of sizes and thicknesses to be used on a building. In general, the largest size or most heavily loaded of a particular design, type, thickness,construction, or configuration to be used should be tested.9. Calibration9.1 Calibration of fluid manometers and dial gauge deflection measuring devices
35、 is normally not required, provided theinstruments are used at or near their design temperature. Appropriately calibrate other types of pressure and deflection measuringdevices.10. Required Information10.1 In specifying this test method, the following information shall be supplied by the specifying
36、authority:10.1.1 Procedure A:10.1.1.1 The positive and negative test loads,10.1.1.2 The duration of maximum load, and10.1.1.3 The number and location of required deflection measurements.10.1.2 Procedure B:10.1.2.1 The number of incremental loads and the positive and negative test loads at these incr
37、ements at which deflectionmeasurements are required,10.1.2.2 The duration of incremental and maximum loads, and10.1.2.3 The number and location of required deflection measurements.11. Procedure11.1 Fit the specimen into or against the chamber opening. The outdoor side of the specimen shall face the
38、higher pressure sidefor positive loads; the indoor side shall face the higher pressure side for negative loads. Support and secure the specimen by thesame number and type of anchors to be used in installing the unit on a building.11.2 Procedure AUse the following procedure when deflections at maximu
39、m load are required:11.2.1 Check the specimen for proper adjustment.11.2.2 Install required deflection measuring devices at their specified locations.11.2.3 Apply positive pressure equal to one-half of the maximum specified test load, and maintain for not less than 10 s. Releasethe pressure differen
40、ce across the specimen, and after a recovery period of not less than 1 min nor more than 5 min at zero load,read and record initial deflection gauge readings.11.2.4 Unless otherwise specified, apply positive pressure equal to the maximum specified test load and maintain for not lessthan 10 s. Apply
41、load in such a manner as to avoid shock loading. Read and record deflection gauge readings to determinemaximum deformation.C1201/C1201M 15311.2.5 Reduce the pressure difference to zero, and, after a recovery period of not less than 1 min nor more than 5 min, read andrecord deflection gauge readings
42、to determine permanent deformation.11.2.6 Repeat the procedure using negative pressures.11.3 Procedure BUse the following procedure when the determination of a load-deflection curve is required:11.3.1 Follow 11.2.1 11.2.3.11.3.2 Apply the load using positive pressure in the specified number of incre
43、ments up to the maximum specified test load. Thespecifier shall determine the number of increments to be used in this test method, not to be less than four equal increments tomaximum test load. At each increment, unless otherwise specified, apply and maintain the test load for not less than 10 s. Re
44、adand record deflection gauge readings.11.3.3 Reduce the pressure difference to zero, and, after a recovery period of not less than 1 min nor more than 5 min, read andrecord deflection gauge readings to determine permanent deformation.11.3.4 When the behavior of the specimen under load indicates tha
45、t sudden failure may occur and damage the measuringdevices, the deflection measuring devices may be removed and the load increased incrementally until the maximum test load orthe maximum load that can be sustained is reached, whichever occurs first.11.3.5 Repeat the procedure using negative pressure
46、s.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Dates of the test and the report,12.1.2 Identification of the specimen (manufacturer, source of supply, dimensions, model types, materials, material finishes, andother pertinent information),12.1.3 Detailed drawings of the specimen, showing di
47、mensioned section profiles, framing location, installation and spacing ofanchorage, hardware, sealants, and any other pertinent construction details.Any modifications made on the specimen to obtain thereported values shall be noted on the drawings,12.1.4 Any preconditioning of the stone (wetting, dr
48、ying, etc.) shall be fully documented,12.1.5 Procedure AA tabulation of pressure differences exerted across the specimen during the test and the deflections andpermanent deformations at locations specified for each specimen tested,12.1.6 Procedure BA tabulation of the number of test load increments,
49、 the pressure differences exerted across the specimenat these increments, the pertinent deflections at these pressure differences, and permanent deformations at locations specified foreach specimen tested,12.1.7 The duration of test loads, including incremental loads for Procedure B,12.1.8 A record of visual performance observations,12.1.9 When the tests are made to check conformity of the specimen to a particular specification, an identification or descriptionof that specification,12.1.10 Astatement that the tests were conducted in accordance with th
