1、Designation: C 1214 02Standard Test Method forConcrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure(Vacuum) Test Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing concretepipe sewerlines, when using the negative air pressure (va
3、cuum)test method to demonstrate the integrity of the installedmaterial and the construction procedures. This test methodcovers testing of 4 to 36-in. diameter circular concrete pipesewerlines utilizing gasketed joints.NOTE 1The user of this test method is advised that methods describedherein may als
4、o be used as a preliminary test to enable the manufactureror installer to demonstrate the condition of sewer pipe prior to delivery orbackfill. Minimum test times presented in Table 1 are for pipelines.Holding times for testing an individual pipe may have to be increased toallow for the accumulation
5、 of leakage when the tested pipe are incorpo-rated into a continuous pipeline.1.2 A complete metric companion to Test Method C 1214has been developedC 1214M; therefore, no metric equiva-lents are presented in this test method.NOTE 2The user of this test method is advised that the negative airpressur
6、e (vacuum) test criteria presented in this test method are similar tothose in general use. The test and criteria have been used widely andsuccessfully in testing smaller diameter pipe. Larger pipe will be acceptedmore conveniently by visual inspection and individual joint testing.NOTE 3The user of t
7、his test method is advised that no correlation hasbeen found between loss of vacuum and water leakage.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and he
8、alth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 forspecific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProducts2C 924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-Pr
9、essure Air Test Method2C 969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sewerline to be tested is
10、plugged. Air is removedfrom the plugged line by a vacuum pump or vacuum reservoir.The amount of vacuum loss is used to determine the accept-ability of the sewerline.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded areapplicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time
11、 oftesting.6. Safety Precautions6.1 WarningThe user of this test method is advised thatthis test may be dangerous if a line is not prepared properly andproper procedures are not followed.6.2 Access manholes or structures must be ventilated and airquality continuously monitored.6.3 No one shall be al
12、lowed in or near the manholes duringtesting.7. Preparation of the Sewerline7.1 Where practical, clean the line prior to testing, wet thepipe surface, and eliminate debris.NOTE 4The user of this test method is advised that a wetted exteriorpipe surface is desirable and will produce more consistent te
13、st results. Airmay pass through the walls of dry pipe. This can be overcome by wetting1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methodsof Test.Current edition approved August 10, 2002. Published Octobe
14、r 2002. Originallypublished as C 121492. Last previous edition C 121494 (2000).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.TABLE 1 Minimum Test TimeNominalPipeSize, in.T (Time),min/100 ftNominalPipeSize, in.T (Time),min/100 ft4 0.3 21 3.06 0.7 24 3.68 1.2 27 4.210 1.5 30 4.812 1.8 33 5.415 2.1 36 6.01
15、8 2.41Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the pipe. Usually, moisture absorbed from the backfill is sufficient to copewith this situation. If the problem persists, segmental testing of the linewill establish if there is a
16、significant leak.7.2 Plug all pipe outlets including laterals. Review safetyprecautions in Section 6.8. Procedure8.1 Determine the test time for the sewerline to be tested byusing Table 1. Table 1 has been established using the criteriaspecified in Table 2 and the formulas contained in the Appen-dix
17、es. The test time is the time required for the vacuum to dropfrom 7 to 5 in. of mercury.NOTE 5To provide satisfactory test results, the vacuum pump shall becapable of evacuating the sewer test section in the required test time, orless, as determined by 8.1. The pump capacity required to accomplish t
18、heevacuation of the line is equal to the rate necessary to reduce the sewer tothe desired pressure plus the allowable vacuum loss rate:C 5 0.17D2L/T 1 Q (1)where:C = vacuum pump capacity, ft3/min,T = required test time, or less, min,D = pipe internal diameter, ft,L = length of test section, ft, andQ
19、 = allowable vacuum loss rate, ft3/min.8.2 Evacuate air until the internal air pressure of thesewerline is lowered by approximately 8 in. of mercury. Closethe valve on the vacuum line and shut off the vacuum pump.Allow the air pressure to stabilize.8.3 When the pressure has stabilized and is at or b
20、elow thestarting test vacuum of 7 in. of mercury, commence the test byallowing the gage pressure to drop to 7 in. of mercury, at whichpoint the time recording is initiated. Record the drop in vacuumfor the test period.8.4 If the drop in vacuum is 2 in. of mercury or less duringthe test period, accep
21、t the line. If the drop in vacuum is morethan 2 in. of mercury during the test period, inspect, evaluate,and retest the line to determine the cause of excessive vacuumloss.8.5 Use or failure of this vacuum test shall not precludeacceptance by appropriate low-pressure air (see PracticeC 924), water i
22、nfiltration or exfiltration testing (see PracticeC 969), or other means.9. Vacuum Test Criteria9.1 An appropriate allowable vacuum loss, Q, in cubic feetper minute has been established for each nominal pipe size.Based on field experience, the vacuum loss Qs that have beenselected will enable detecti
23、on of any significant leak. Table 2lists the Q established for each pipe size.9.2 When a main line with connected lateral is to be testedas a unit, the total volume of the main and laterals shall beconsidered and the allowable air loss rate shall be that listed forthe main.10. Precision and Bias10.1
24、 No justifiable statement is presently capable of beingmade either on precision or bias of this procedure since the testresult merely states whether there is conformance to the criteriafor success specified. Due to the sealing effects of ground waterand internal flow on sewerline, the test condition
25、s and resultsare not reproducible.APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EQUATIONS USED IN PRACTICE C 1214X1.1 The required test time per 100 ft for a single diameterpipe using Table 2:TT5 0.00037! D2L/Q! (X1.1)X1.2 The required test time for a single diameter pipe usingTable 1:TT5 L! T/100! (X1.2)
26、X1.3 For testing a sewer system involving different diam-eter pipe, the allowable vacuum loss rate shall be that for themain sewer. The volume of each size of lateral pipe isconverted to an equivalent length of required test time asfollows:Le5 ( d21/D2! (X1.3)TT5L 1 Le!T/100! (X1.4)X1.4 The symbols
27、used in the equations in this test methodare defined as follows:where:T = minimum test time per 100 ft of pipe vacuum to dropfrom 7.0 to 5.0 in. of mercury, min,TT= minimum test time for total system, min,D = designated inside diameter of test section or mainsewer, in.,d = designated inside diameter
28、 of lateral, in.,TABLE 2 Allowable Air LossNominalPipeSize, in.Q,ft3/minNominalPipeSize, in.Q,ft3/min4 2.0 21 5.56 2.0 24 6.08 2.0 27 6.510 2.5 30 7.012 3.5 33 7.515 4.0 36 8.018 5.0C1214022L = length of test section or main sewer, ft,Le= total volume of all laterals connected to the mainsewer expre
29、ssed as an equivalent length of the mainsewer, ft,l = total length of each diameter lateral, ft, andQ = allowable air loss rate, ft3/min.X2. APPLICATION OF PRACTICE C 1214X2.1 The following examples have been prepared todemonstrate the techniques of applying this test method.X2.2 Example 1A sewer sy
30、stem consists of 600 ft of18-in. diameter concrete pipe between manholes A and B; 35 ftof 12-in. diameter pipe between manholes B and C.X2.2.1 FindThe appropriate test times to demonstrate theintegrity of the installed lines.X2.2.2 Solution:X2.2.2.1 For the main sewer between manholes A and B,use Eq
31、 X1.2 and from Table 1;TT5L!T/100! (X2.1)TT5600!2.4/100! (X2.2)TT5 14 min (X2.3)X2.2.2.2 Similarly, for the main sewer between manholes Band C:TT535!1.8/100! (X2.4)TT5 0.6 min (X2.5)X2.3 Example 2The 600 ft of 18-in. diameter concretepipe between manholes A and B in Example 1 has connected6-in. late
32、rals with a total length of 900 ft.X2.3.1 FindThe appropriate test time to demonstrate theintegrity of the installed lines.X2.3.2 Solution:X2.3.2.1 Use Eq X1.3 to convert the total volume of 6-in.laterals to an equivalent length of main sewer:Le5 ( d21/D2! (X2.6)Le5 623 900/182(X2.7)Le5 100 ft (X2.8
33、)X2.3.2.2 For the connected system, use Eq X1.4 and fromTable 1, T = 2.4 min./100 ft for 18-in. pipe:TT5 L 1 Le! T/100! (X2.9)TT5 600 1 100! 2.4/100! (X2.10)TT5 17 min (X2.11)X2.4 If a line fails the vacuum test, the following course ofaction shall be considered:X2.4.1 Segmentally test the line and
34、compare the time-vacuum loss values in each segment.X2.4.2 If the values in each segment are comparable, thevacuum loss problem shall be distributed throughout the line,and further analysis shall be made.X2.4.3 If the values in each segment are significantlydifferent, each segment shall be evaluated
35、 and further analysisbe made to determine the location of any significant vacuumloss.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of th
36、e validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. You
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38、 have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C1214023
