1、Designation: C 1214 02 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forConcrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure(Vacuum) Test Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing concretepipe sewerlines, when using the negative
3、 air pressure (vacuum)test method to demonstrate the integrity of the installedmaterial and the construction procedures. This test methodcovers testing of 4 to 36-in. diameter circular concrete pipesewerlines utilizing gasketed joints.NOTE 1The user of this test method is advised that methods descri
4、bedherein may also be used as a preliminary test to enable the manufactureror installer to demonstrate the condition of sewer pipe prior to delivery orbackfill. Minimum test times presented in Table 1 are for pipelines.Holding times for testing an individual pipe may have to be increased toallow for
5、 the accumulation of leakage when the tested pipe are incorpo-rated into a continuous pipeline.NOTE 2The user of this test method is advised that the negative airpressure (vacuum) test criteria presented in this test method are similar tothose in general use. The test and criteria have been used wid
6、ely andsuccessfully in testing smaller diameter pipe. Larger pipe will be acceptedmore conveniently by visual inspection and individual joint testing.NOTE 3The user of this test method is advised that no correlation hasbeen found between loss of vacuum and water leakage.1.2 This test method is the i
7、nch-pound companion to TestMethod C 1214M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented inthe test method.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
8、health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 forspecific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-
9、Pressure Air Test MethodC 969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sewerline to be tested is
10、plugged. Air is removedfrom the plugged line by a vacuum pump or vacuum reservoir.The amount of vacuum loss is used to determine the accept-ability of the sewerline.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded areapplicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time
11、 oftesting.6. Safety Precautions6.1 WarningThe user of this test method is advised thatthis test may be dangerous if a line is not prepared properly andproper procedures are not followed.6.2 Access manholes or structures must be ventilated and airquality continuously monitored.6.3 No one shall be al
12、lowed in or near the manholes duringtesting.7. Preparation of the Sewerline7.1 Where practical, clean the line prior to testing, wet thepipe surface, and eliminate debris.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
13、e C13.09 on Methodsof Test.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 1214 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
14、Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Minimum Test TimeNominalPipeSize, in.T (Time),min/100 ftNominalPipeSize, in.T (Time),min/100 ft4 0.3 21 3.06 0.7 24 3.68 1.2 27 4.210 1.5 30 4.812 1.8 33 5.415 2.1 36 6.018 2.41Copyright
15、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 4The user of this test method is advised that a wetted exteriorpipe surface is desirable and will produce more consistent test results. Airmay pass through the walls of dry pipe. This can be
16、 overcome by wettingthe pipe. Usually, moisture absorbed from the backfill is sufficient to copewith this situation. If the problem persists, segmental testing of the linewill establish if there is a significant leak.7.2 Plug all pipe outlets including laterals. Review safetyprecautions in Section 6
17、.8. Procedure8.1 Determine the test time for the sewerline to be tested byusing Table 1. Table 1 has been established using the criteriaspecified in Table 2 and the formulas contained in the Appen-dixes. The test time is the time required for the vacuum to dropfrom 7 to 5 in. of mercury.NOTE 5To pro
18、vide satisfactory test results, the vacuum pump shall becapable of evacuating the sewer test section in the required test time, orless, as determined by 8.1. The pump capacity required to accomplish theevacuation of the line is equal to the rate necessary to reduce the sewer tothe desired pressure p
19、lus the allowable vacuum loss rate:C 5 0.17D2L/T 1 Q (1)where:C = vacuum pump capacity, ft3/min,T = required test time, or less, min,D = pipe internal diameter, ft,L = length of test section, ft, andQ = allowable vacuum loss rate, ft3/min.8.2 Evacuate air until the internal air pressure of thesewerl
20、ine is lowered by approximately 8 in. of mercury. Closethe valve on the vacuum line and shut off the vacuum pump.Allow the air pressure to stabilize.8.3 When the pressure has stabilized and is at or below thestarting test vacuum of 7 in. of mercury, commence the test byallowing the gage pressure to
21、drop to 7 in. of mercury, at whichpoint the time recording is initiated. Record the drop in vacuumfor the test period.8.4 If the drop in vacuum is 2 in. of mercury or less duringthe test period, accept the line. If the drop in vacuum is morethan 2 in. of mercury during the test period, inspect, eval
22、uate,and retest the line to determine the cause of excessive vacuumloss.8.5 Use or failure of this vacuum test shall not precludeacceptance by appropriate low-pressure air (see PracticeC 924), water infiltration or exfiltration testing (see PracticeC 969), or other means.9. Vacuum Test Criteria9.1 A
23、n appropriate allowable vacuum loss, Q, in cubic feetper minute has been established for each nominal pipe size.Based on field experience, the vacuum loss Qs that have beenselected will enable detection of any significant leak. Table 2lists the Q established for each pipe size.9.2 When a main line w
24、ith connected lateral is to be testedas a unit, the total volume of the main and laterals shall beconsidered and the allowable air loss rate shall be that listed forthe main.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of beingmade either on precision or bias of this proc
25、edure since the testresult merely states whether there is conformance to the criteriafor success specified. Due to the sealing effects of ground waterand internal flow on sewerline, the test conditions and resultsare not reproducible.APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EQUATIONS USED IN PRACTICE
26、 C 1214X1.1 The required test time per 100 ft for a single diameterpipe using Table 2:TT5 0.00037! D2L/Q! (X1.1)X1.2 The required test time for a single diameter pipe usingTable 1:TT5 L! T/100! (X1.2)X1.3 For testing a sewer system involving different diam-eter pipe, the allowable vacuum loss rate s
27、hall be that for themain sewer. The volume of each size of lateral pipe isconverted to an equivalent length of required test time asfollows:Le5 ( d21/D2! (X1.3)TT5L 1 Le!T/100! (X1.4)X1.4 The symbols used in the equations in this test methodTABLE 2 Allowable Air LossNominalPipeSize, in.Q,ft3/minNomi
28、nalPipeSize, in.Q,ft3/min4 2.0 21 5.56 2.0 24 6.08 2.0 27 6.510 2.5 30 7.012 3.5 33 7.515 4.0 36 8.018 5.0C 1214 02 (2009)2are defined as follows:where:T = minimum test time per 100 ft of pipe vacuum to dropfrom 7.0 to 5.0 in. of mercury, min,TT= minimum test time for total system, min,D = designate
29、d inside diameter of test section or mainsewer, in.,d = designated inside diameter of lateral, in.,L = length of test section or main sewer, ft,Le= total volume of all laterals connected to the mainsewer expressed as an equivalent length of the mainsewer, ft,l = total length of each diameter lateral
30、, ft, andQ = allowable air loss rate, ft3/min.X2. APPLICATION OF PRACTICE C 1214X2.1 The following examples have been prepared todemonstrate the techniques of applying this test method.X2.2 Example 1A sewer system consists of 600 ft of18-in. diameter concrete pipe between manholes A and B; 35 ftof 1
31、2-in. diameter pipe between manholes B and C.X2.2.1 FindThe appropriate test times to demonstrate theintegrity of the installed lines.X2.2.2 Solution:X2.2.2.1 For the main sewer between manholes A and B,use Eq X1.2 and from Table 1;TT5L!T/100! (X2.1)TT5600!2.4/100! (X2.2)TT5 14 min (X2.3)X2.2.2.2 Si
32、milarly, for the main sewer between manholes Band C:TT535!1.8/100! (X2.4)TT5 0.6 min (X2.5)X2.3 Example 2The 600 ft of 18-in. diameter concretepipe between manholes A and B in Example 1 has connected6-in. laterals with a total length of 900 ft.X2.3.1 FindThe appropriate test time to demonstrate thei
33、ntegrity of the installed lines.X2.3.2 Solution:X2.3.2.1 Use Eq X1.3 to convert the total volume of 6-in.laterals to an equivalent length of main sewer:Le5 ( d21/D2! (X2.6)Le5 623 900/182(X2.7)Le5 100 ft (X2.8)X2.3.2.2 For the connected system, use Eq X1.4 and fromTable 1, T = 2.4 min./100 ft for 18
34、-in. pipe:TT5 L 1 Le! T/100! (X2.9)TT5 600 1 100! 2.4/100! (X2.10)TT5 17 min (X2.11)X2.4 If a line fails the vacuum test, the following course ofaction shall be considered:X2.4.1 Segmentally test the line and compare the time-vacuum loss values in each segment.X2.4.2 If the values in each segment ar
35、e comparable, thevacuum loss problem shall be distributed throughout the line,and further analysis shall be made.X2.4.3 If the values in each segment are significantlydifferent, each segment shall be evaluated and further analysisbe made to determine the location of any significant vacuumloss.ASTM I
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39、Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1214 02 (2009)3
