1、Designation: C 1214M 02 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forConcrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure(Vacuum) Test Method (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1214M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing concretepipe sewerlines, when using t
3、he negative air pressure (vacuum)test method to demonstrate the integrity of the installedmaterial and the construction procedures. This test methodcovers testing of 100 to 900-mm diameter circular concretepipe sewerlines utilizing gasketed joints.NOTE 1The user of this specification is advised that
4、 methods de-scribed in this test method may also be used as a preliminary test to enablethe manufacturer or installer to demonstrate the condition of sewer pipeprior to delivery or backfill. Minimum test times presented in Table 1 arefor pipelines. Holding times for testing an individual pipe may ha
5、ve to beincreased to allow for the accumulation of leakage when the tested pipeare incorporated into a continuous pipeline.NOTE 2The user of this test method is advised that the negative airpressure (vacuum) test criteria presented in this test method are similar tothose in general use. The test and
6、 criteria have been used widely andsuccessfully in testing smaller diameter pipe. Larger pipe will be acceptedmore conveniently by visual inspection and individual joint testing.NOTE 3The user of this test method is advised that no correlation hasbeen found between loss of vacuum and water leakage.1
7、.2 This test method is the SI companion to Test MethodC 1214.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
8、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 forspecific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-Pressure Air Test MethodC 969 Practice for
9、Infiltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sewerline to be tested is plugged. Air is removedfrom the plugged lin
10、e by a vacuum pump or vacuum reservoir.The amount of vacuum loss is used to determine the accept-ability of the sewerline.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded areapplicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time oftesting.6. Safety Precautions6.1 Warning
11、The user of this test method is advised thatthis test will be dangerous if a line is not prepared properly andproper procedures are not followed.6.2 Access manholes or structures must be ventilated and airquality continuously monitored.6.3 No one shall be allowed in or near the manholes duringtestin
12、g.7. Preparation of the Sewerline7.1 Where practical, clean the line prior to testing, wet thepipe surface, and eliminate debris.NOTE 4The user of this test method is advised that a wetted exterior1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct res
13、ponsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methodsof Test.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 1214M 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s
14、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Minimum Test TimeNominalPipeSize, mmT (Time),min/100 mNominalPipeSize, mmT (Time),min/100 m100 0.9 525 9.7150 2.0 600 11.0200 3.5 675 13.0250 4.7 750 15.0300 6
15、.0 825 17.0375 6.8 900 19.0450 7.71Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.pipe surface is desirable and will produce more consistent test results. Airmay pass through the walls of dry pipe. This can be overcome by wettingthe
16、pipe. Usually, moisture absorbed from the backfill is sufficient to copewith this situation. If the problem persists, segmental testing of the linewill establish if there is a significant leak.7.2 Plug all pipe outlets including laterals. Review safetyprecautions in Section 6.8. Procedure8.1 Determi
17、ne the test time for the sewerline to be tested byusing Table 1. Table 1 has been established using the criteriaspecified in Table 2 and the formulas contained in the Appen-dixes. The test time is the time required for the vacuum to dropfrom 23.6 to 16.9 kPa.NOTE 5To provide satisfactory test result
18、s, the vacuum pump shall becapable of evacuating the sewer test section in the required test time, orless, as determined by 8.1. The pump capacity required to accomplish theevacuation of the line is equal to the rate necessary to reduce the sewer tothe desired pressure plus the allowable vacuum loss
19、 rate:C 5 0.17D2L/T 1 Qwhere:C = vacuum pump capacity, m3/s,T = required test time, or less,D = pipe internal diameter, m,L = length of test section, m, andQ = allowable vacuum loss rate, m3/s.8.2 Evacuate air until the internal air pressure of thesewerline is lowered by approximately 27.0 kPa of me
20、rcury.Close the valve on the vacuum line and shut off the vacuumpump. Allow the air pressure to stabilize.8.3 When the pressure has stabilized and is at or below thestarting test vacuum of 23.6 kPa of mercury, commence the testby allowing the gage pressure to drop to 23.6 kPa of mercury,at which poi
21、nt the time recording is initiated. Record the dropin vacuum for the test period.8.4 If the drop in vacuum is 6.8 kPa of mercury or lessduring the test period, accept the line. If the drop in vacuum ismore than 6.8 kPa of mercury during the test period, inspect,evaluate, and retest the line to deter
22、mine the cause of excessivevacuum loss.8.5 Use or failure of this vacuum test shall not precludeacceptance by appropriate low-pressure air (see PracticeC 924), water infiltration or exfiltration testing (see PracticeC 969), or other means.9. Vacuum Test Criteria9.1 An appropriate allowable vacuum lo
23、ss, Q, in cubicmetres per second has been established for each nominal pipesize. Based on field experience, the vacuum loss Qs that havebeen selected will enable detection of any significant leak.Table 2 lists the Q established for each pipe size.9.2 When a main line with connected lateral is to be
24、testedas a unit, the total volume of the main and laterals shall beconsidered and the allowable air loss rate shall be that listed forthe main.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of beingmade either on precision or bias of this procedure since the testresult mere
25、ly states whether there is conformance to the criteriafor success specified. Due to the sealing effects of ground waterand internal flow on sewerline, the test conditions and resultsare not reproducible.APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EQUATIONS USED IN PRACTICE C 1214MX1.1 The required test
26、time per 100 m for a single diameterpipe using Table 2:TT5 5.3 3 1028! D2L/Q! (X1.1)X1.2 The required test time for a single diameter pipe usingTable 1:TT5 L! T/100! (X1.2)X1.3 For testing a sewer system involving different diam-eter pipe, the allowable vacuum loss rate shall be that for themain sew
27、er. The volume of each size of lateral pipe isconverted to an equivalent length of required test time asfollows:Le5 (d21/D2! (X1.3)TT5 L 1 Le! T/100! (X1.4)X1.4 The symbols used in the equations in this test methodare defined as follows:where:T = minimum test time per 100 m of pipe vacuum to dropfro
28、m 23.6 to 16.8 kPa of mercury, min,TT= minimum test time for total system, min,TABLE 2 Allowable Air LossNominalPipeSize, mmQ,m3/minNominalPipeSize, mmQ,m3/min100 0.6 525 0.15150 0.6 600 0.17200 0.6 675 0.18250 0.7 750 0.20300 0.8 825 0.21375 0.11 900 0.23450 0.14C 1214M 02 (2009)2D = designated ins
29、ide diameter of test section or mainsewer, mm,d = designated inside diameter of lateral, mm,L = length of test section or main sewer, m,Le= total volume of all laterals connected to the mainsewer expressed as an equivalent length of the mainsewer, m,l = total length of each diameter lateral, m, andQ
30、 = allowable air loss rate, m3/min.X2. APPLICATION OF PRACTICE C 1214MX2.1 The following examples have been prepared todemonstrate the techniques of applying this test method.X2.2 Example 1A sewer system consists of 180 m of450-mm diameter concrete pipe between manholesAand B; 10m of 300-mm diameter
31、 pipe between manholes B and C.X2.2.1 FindThe appropriate test times to demonstrate theintegrity of the installed lines.X2.2.2 Solution:X2.2.2.1 For the main sewer between manholes A and B,use Eq X1.2 and from Table 1, T = 7.7 min/100 m for 450-mmpipe.TT5 L! T/100!TT5 180! 7.7/100!TT5 14 minX2.2.2.2
32、 Similarly, for the main sewer between manholes Band C:TT5 10! 6/100!TT5 0.6 minX2.3 Example 2The 180 m of 450-mm diameter concretepipe between manholes A and B in Example 1 has connected150-mm laterals with a total length of 275 m.X2.3.1 FindThe appropriate test time to demonstrate theintegrity of
33、the installed lines.X2.3.2 Solution:X2.3.2.1 Use Eq X1.3 to convert the total volume of150-mm laterals to an equivalent length of main sewer:Le5 ( d21/D2!Le5 15023 275!/4502!Le5 30.6 mX2.3.2.2 For the connected system, use Eq X1.4 and fromTable 1, T = 7.7 min/100 m for 450-mm pipe:TT5 L 1 Le! T/100!
34、TT5 180 1 30.6! 7.7/100!TT5 16 minX2.4 If a line fails the vacuum test, the following course ofaction shall be considered:X2.4.1 Segmentally test the line and compare the time-vacuum loss values in each segment.X2.4.2 If the values in each segment are comparable, thevacuum loss problem shall be dist
35、ributed throughout the line,and further analysis shall be made.X2.4.3 If the values in each segment are significantlydifferent, each segment shall be evaluated and further analysisbe made to determine the location of any significant vacuumloss.ASTM International takes no position respecting the vali
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38、ters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standar
39、d is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1214M 02 (2009)3
