1、Designation: C1218/C1218M 15C1218/C1218M 17Standard Test Method forWater-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1218/C1218M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for
3、 chloride thatis water soluble under the conditions of test.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotesshall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unit
4、s are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concer
5、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogn
6、ized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C42/C42M Test Method for
7、 Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of Hardened Concrete in Construct
8、ionsC1084 Test Method for Portland-Cement Content of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers3. Significance and Use3.1 Water-soluble chloride, whenif presen
9、t in sufficient amount, is capable of leading to initiation or acceleration of initiatingor accelerating the corrosion of metals, such as steel, some metallic materials embedded in or contacting a cement systemcementitious mixtures such as mortar, grout, or concrete. Thus, its determination shall be
10、 required to evaluate the potential of acement system for undergoing such reactions or to investigate cement systems where such reaction has already occurred. However,it must be recognized that water-soluble chloride determined at some particular time in the life of a cement system is capable ofbein
11、g substantially different than that at another time; for example, the service environment is capable of resulting in a highermortar and concrete. Chloride content, along with other factors, can be indicators for the possibility of corrosion of embeddedmetallic materials. This test method is used to
12、determine the water-soluble chloride content due to changes in solubility or a lowerone due to leaching.in cementitious mixtures, either in new construction or existing structures.NOTE 1Water-soluble chloride content can vary with time. For example, water-soluble chloride content could increase due
13、to additional chloride1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.69 onMiscellaneous Tests.Current edition approved July 1, 2015May 1, 2017. Published August 2015July 2017. Originally appro
14、ved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 asC1218/C1218M 99 (2008).C1218/C1218M 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1218_C1218M-15.10.1520/C1218_C1218M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Stan
15、dardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible
16、 to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyrig
17、ht ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1ingress. Alternatively, water-soluble chloride content could decrease due to chloride-binding or leaching.3.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble chloride determinations. T
18、ake caution when comparing results fromthis test method with those from other test methods.3.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cementscontain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such interference and produ
19、ce erroneously high test results. Treatmentwith hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C114, is used to eliminate such interference.3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of thistest method.34. Apparatus4.1 S
20、ampling Equipment:4.1.1 The apparatus required for obtaining samples by coring or sawing is described in Test Method C42/C42M.4.1.2 Use the following apparatus for sampling by drilling (pulverization):4.1.2.1 Rotary impact drill or drill with pulverizing bits.4.1.2.2 Spoon or other suitable means to
21、 collect without contamination pulverized sample material produced by drilling.4.1.2.3 Sample containers capable of maintaining samples in an uncontaminated state.4.2 Sample Processing ApparatusThe apparatus required for processing samples shall be chosen for its suitability for thepurposes of the i
22、nvestigation, and frequently includes a concrete saw and one or more pulverizers.4.2.1 Samples more than 25 mm 1 in. in maximum dimension shall be reduced in size by use of a jaw crusher or broken intosmaller pieces by hammering carefully to avoid loss of smaller pieces.4.2.2 Crush particles less th
23、an 25 mm 1 in. in maximum dimension using a rotating-puck grinding apparatus, or by using adisc pulverizer, or mortar and pestle operated to restrict to negligible levels the loss of fine particles.4.2.3 The 850-m No. 20 sieve shall comply with Specification E11.4.3 The apparatus required for the ch
24、loride determination step is given as the reference test method for chloride in Test MethodsC114.4.4 Glazed paper to minimize adherence of fine particles for use as described in 7.1.5. Reagents5.1 The reagents required for the chloride determination are given in the reference test method for chlorid
25、e of Test MethodsC114.6. Sampling6.1 Select the sample as required for the purpose of the investigation (Note 12).NOTE 2Because of the small nominal maximum size of the aggregate in a mortar, pieces of mortar having a mass of at least 10 g will be morerepresentative of a much larger volume of mortar
26、 than would an equivalently sized sample of concrete. Practice C823 may be used as a guide for sampling.6.1.1 Take concrete cores in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M unless otherwise specified (Note 23):NOTE 3Concrete cores taken in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M may be cut longitudinally
27、to provide a 12-mm 12-in. thick sectiongenerally representative of the core, or cut laterally into 12-mm 12-in. thick discs representative of the concrete core at various depths. Experience hasshown that the cooling water from core cutting will not dissolve a significant amount of the chloride.6.1.2
28、 Powdered concrete obtained by use of a rotary impact drill is frequently useful in determining chloride concentration withdepth in bridge decks and pavements. When the nominal maximum coarse aggregate size is 25 mm 1 in. or more such samplesare unrepresentative. The data must be used with care or s
29、everal samples combined. Procedures for this method of sampling areas follows:6.1.2.1 Using the rotary impact drill, drill perpendicular to the concrete surface or parallel to the axis of a cored specimen toa specified depth or a depth sufficient to obtain a representative sample of at least 20 g of
30、 powdered material. To prevent samplecontamination, avoid contact of sample with hands and other sources of perspiration. Clean all sampling tools prior to eachsampling operation (Note 34). Do not use lubricants during drilling.NOTE 4Sampling tools may be cleaned with a brush, cloth, ethyl alcohol r
31、inse, water rinse, or other method that will not contaminate the sample.6.1.2.2 Transfer powdered sample into the sample container using a spoon or other suitable means.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Pulverize the sample so that all the material will pass a 850-m No. 20 sieve.Thoroughly blend the material
32、 by transferringit from one glazed paper to another at least ten times.3 For more information see “The Determination of the Chloride Content of Concrete,” by Brian B. Hope, JohnA. Page and John S. Poland, Cement and Concrete Research,Volume 15, Number 5, Pergamon Press, New York, September 1985, pp.
33、 863870.C1218/C1218M 1728. Procedure8.1 Select a sample having a mass of approximately 10 g. Weigh the sample to the nearest 0.01 g and place it into a 250-mLbeaker. Add 50 6 1 mL of reagent water meeting Specification D1193, cover with a watch glass, bring to a boil and boil for 5min. Allow to stan
34、d 24 h. Filter by gravity or suction through a fine-texture, Type II, Class G filter paper of Specification E832.Transfer the filtrate to a 250-mL beaker. Add 3 6 0.1 mL of (1:1) nitric acid and add 3 6 0.1 mL of hydrogen peroxide (30 %solution) to the filtrate. Cover the beaker with a watch glass a
35、nd allow to stand for 1 to 2 min. Heat the covered beaker rapidlyto boiling. Do not allow to boil for more than a few seconds. Remove from hot plate (Note 45). Proceed in accordance with thereference test method for chloride of Test Methods C114, starting with the procedure that follows removal of t
36、he sample from thehot plate in Test Methods C114.NOTE 5It is important to keep the beaker covered during heating and digestion to prevent the loss of chloride by volatilization.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate percent chloride by mass of mortar or concrete, by the reference test method for chloride given
37、 in Test MethodsC114.9.2 Other useful measures of chloride concentration can be obtained as follows:9.2.1 For calculating kilograms of chloride per cubic meter pounds of chloride per cubic yard of concrete, multiply percentchloride by D1/100 or D2/100,where:D1 = oven-dry density as determined in the
38、 section on Concrete Density in Test Method C1084, kg/m3 lb/yd3.D2 = saturated-surface-dry density as determined in the section on Concrete Density in Test Method C1084, kg/m3 lb/yd3.The report must state which density is used in the calculation.9.2.2 For calculating percent chloride by mass of ceme
39、nt, multiply percent chloride by 100/P,where:P = percent cement by mass in the mortar or concrete, as known or determined in accordance with Test Method C1084.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision4This precision statement is based on samples passing a 600-m No. 30 sieve instead of an 850-m No. 20siev
40、e and on a 1 min boil instead of a 5 min boil.NOTE 6It is the opinion of the committee that this difference in procedure should not significantly influence the precision beyond what is presentedhere.10.1.1 The single-laboratory standard deviation has been found to be 0.0013 % chloride by mass of mor
41、tar or concrete.5Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests in the same laboratory on the same material are not expected to differ by morethan 0.0037 %.10.1.2 The multilaboratory standard deviation has been found to be 0.0037 % chloride by mass of mortar or concrete.5Therefore, results of tw
42、o properly conducted tests from two different laboratories on samples of the same material are not expectedto differ by more than 0.0106 %.5 (Note 67).NOTE 7This precision statement applies to tests of samples prepared and ground by a single laboratory. Test results of concrete construction will var
43、ydepending upon the method of obtaining the sample and the size of the sample before it is crushed and reduced to pass the 850-m No. 20 sieve orpulverized.10.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no bias because the value of water-soluble chloride is defined by theprocedure.11. Keywords11.1 ch
44、loride; chloride content; concrete; mortar; water-soluble chloride4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C09-1003.5 These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described in Practice C670.C1218/
45、C1218M 173SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1218/C1218M99 (2008) 15) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2017July 1,2015.).)(1) 4.1.2.1 wasRevised 3.1updated(2) Added Note 1.ASTM International
46、 takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their ow
47、n responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be add
48、ressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at
49、 the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01
