1、Designation: C 1222 09Standard Practice forEvaluation of Laboratories Testing Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1222; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the technical training and experi-ence of laboratory testing personnel and identifies the mini-mum technical req
3、uirements for laboratory equipment used intesting of hydraulic cement as prescribed by ASTM.1.2 This practice provides minimum criteria for evaluatingthe capability of a laboratory to perform chemical or physicaltests listed in the various specifications on hydraulic cement(see Note 1).NOTE 1Relevan
4、t hydraulic cement specifications are SpecificationsC91, C 150, C 595, C 845, and Performance Specification C 1157.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
5、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C91 Specification for Masonry Cem
6、entC 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeterC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregat
7、esC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of HydraulicCementC 191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement by Vicat NeedleC 204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeabili
8、ty ApparatusC 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC 230/C 230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Testsof Hydraulic CementC 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore NeedlesC 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plas
9、tic ConsistencyC 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Ce-ment (Paste Method)C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic CementC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC 1506 Test Method for Water Retention of HydraulicCement-B
10、ased Mortars and PlastersE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines2.2 Other Documents:ACI 116R Cement and Concrete Terminology33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 inspection, na process of measuring, examining,testing, gaging, or using other procedures to ascertain thequality or state,
11、 detect errors or defects, or otherwise appraisematerials, products, services, systems, or environments whencompared to preestablished criteria.3.1.2 Additional definitions may be found in TerminologiesC 125 and C 219, Practices E4, and ACI 116R.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2
12、.1 evaluation authority, nan independent entity, apartfrom the organization being evaluated, that can provide an1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of Standards.Current edition approved June 1,
13、 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 1222 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
14、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
15、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.unbiased evaluation of the organization and shall have thecapability to assess the technical activities of testing laborato-ries (see Discussion).3.2.1.1 DiscussionOne such evaluation authority is theCement and Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCRL).4Lab
16、o-ratory inspection is broadened into accreditation programs bysuch independent authorities as the National Voluntary Labo-ratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP),5American Associa-tion for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA)6AASHTO Accredi-tation Program (AAP),7and others established.3.2.2 laboratory tech
17、nician, nan employee of the labora-tory who is assigned to perform the actual testing operationsprimarily conducted in the laboratory.3.2.3 quality systems, nthose internal procedures andpractices that a laboratory utilizes to ensure continued compli-ance with applicable testing standards.3.2.4 subc
18、ontracting, nemploying another organization toprovide testing services that the laboratory contracted toprovide.3.2.5 testing laboratory, nan organization that measures,examines, performs tests, or otherwise determines the charac-teristics or performance of materials or products. This mayinclude org
19、anizations that offer commercial testing services, anin-house quality control function, an academic institution, orany other organization providing the specified testing services.4. Significance and Use4.1 The testing of hydraulic cement is an important elementin obtaining quality construction. A te
20、sting laboratory must beselected with care.4.2 A testing laboratory shall be deemed qualified to per-form and report the results of its tests if the laboratory meetsthe requirements of this practice.4.3 This practice provides guidance for evaluating theorganization, personnel, facilities, and qualit
21、y systems of thelaboratory. This practice may be supplemented by criteria andrequirements for particular projects.5. Documentation of Organization5.1 The following information shall be readily available forreview:5.1.1 A description of the organization, including the com-plete legal name and address
22、 of the main office and eachlaboratory location, names and positions of the principalofficers and the individual in charge of the laboratory,5.1.2 A description of the organization management struc-ture, and5.1.3 A listing of the range of services offered.6. Human Resources6.1 The manager of the lab
23、oratory shall be a chemist,materials analyst, or an engineer and a full-time employee ofthe organization having at least three years supervisory expe-rience in the testing of hydraulic cement; however, a personwith equivalent science-oriented education or experience hav-ing satisfactorily directed t
24、esting of hydraulic cement is ac-ceptable.7. Testing and Additional Requirements7.1 Testing RequirementsThe organization shall have thecapability of performing tests associated with its range ofservices (see Note 2). The laboratory shall have the facilitiesand equipment required for preparing, stori
25、ng, conditioning,and testing specimens.NOTE 2The range of services of a testing laboratory may involveeither chemical testing or physical testing, or both. The laboratory neednot perform all tests listed in the applicableASTM specification, but ratherhave the required equipment and demonstrate the a
26、bility to perform theprocedures within its reported range of services.7.1.1 The laboratory shall use the latest version of eachreferencedASTM standard within one year of its publication inthe Annual Book of ASTM Standards except where an earlierversion is specifically required.7.1.2 Laboratory perso
27、nnel shall have convenient access toapplicable standards.7.2 Additional RequirementsThe following requirementsapply to only those tests performed by the laboratory. They areintended to supplement certain provisions of the standard testmethods.7.2.1 Analytical balances and reference masses shall bech
28、ecked at least annually and shall conform to the requirementsof Test Methods C114.7.2.2 Flow tables shall be checked at least every 212 yearsusing the calibration material described in Specification C 230.7.2.3 Compression machines shall be verified, in accor-dance with Practices E4 at least annuall
29、y to determine ifindicated loads, with and without the maximum load indicator(when so equipped), are accurate to 61.0 %.7.2.4 Compression machine bearing blocks shall be checkedfor planeness in accordance with the requirements of TestMethod C 109/C 109M at least annually using a straightedgeand feel
30、er stock and shall be refinished if found to be out oftolerance.7.2.5 Air content measures (400 mL) shall be calibrated atleast every 212 years following the procedures described inTest Method C 185.7.2.6 Wagner turbidimeter apparatus shall be calibrated atleast every six months using the procedures
31、 described in TestMethod C115.7.2.7 Cube molds and tampers shall be checked for con-formance to the design and dimensional requirements of TestMethod C 109/C 109M at least every 212 years.7.2.8 Vicat apparatus and vicat ring shall be inspected andchecked for conformance to Test Methods C 187, C 191,
32、 andC 451 at least every 212 years.4CCRL, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr.,Stop 8618, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8618; www.ccrl.us.5NVLAP, Standards Services Division, National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 2140, Gaithersburg, MD 2
33、0899-2140.6American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA), 5301 Buckey-stown Pike, Suite 350 Frederick, MD 21704; .7Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001;www.transportation.org.C122
34、20927.2.9 Gillmore test apparatus shall be inspected and checkedfor conformance to the requirements of Test Method C 266 atleast every 212 years.7.2.10 Mechanical mixing apparatus shall be inspected andchecked for conformance to the requirements of Practice C 305at least every 212 years.7.2.11 Air-p
35、ermeability apparatus and related accessoryequipment shall be calibrated and checked for conformance toTest Method C 204 at least every 212 years.7.2.11.1 Check determinations shall be made against stan-dard or secondary standard reference samples every sixmonths. If the results exceed the precision
36、 of the test method,the apparatus shall be recalibrated.7.2.12 Water-retention apparatus and related equipmentshall be checked for conformance to Test Method C 1506 atleast every 212 years.8. Subcontracting8.1 Subcontracting for the performance of part or all of atest method is permitted. When subco
37、ntracting is used thequality of the work provided must be ensured. The require-ments for evaluation differ depending on the permanence of thesubcontracting.8.2 Permanent SubcontractingWhen all or a portion of atest method is subcontracted on a permanent basis then thesubcontracted organization must
38、be subjected to separateevaluation according to this practice for the methods subcon-tracted. The laboratory shall retain a copy of this evaluation forreview by the evaluation authority.8.3 Temporary SubcontractingWhen all or a portion of atest method is subcontracted on a temporary basis then thela
39、boratory shall ensure the quality of the subcontracted work.The level and type of assurance will depend on the extent of thesubcontracting (see Note 3). The laboratory shall retain recordsof this assurance for review by the evaluation authority.NOTE 3Some examples of assurance for different levels o
40、f temporarysubcontracting are: (1) a review of calibrations records when the use of apiece of equipment is subcontracted; and (2) a satisfactory rating on aproficiency sample when a method is subcontracted. Other means ofassurance are test results from a standard reference material or, in the caseof
41、 chemical testing records of qualification testing.9. Quality System9.1 Quality System RequirementsThe laboratory shall es-tablish a quality system for ensuring the quality of servicesoffered.9.1.1 The laboratory shall maintain written documentationfor the following:9.1.1.1 Procedures for sampling,
42、handling, and testing thehydraulic cement,9.1.1.2 Procedures for training and evaluating laboratorypersonnel,9.1.1.3 Procedures for calibrating and maintaining testequipment, and9.1.1.4 Procedures for handling technical complaints fromclients about results, procedures, or methods used.9.1.2 The labo
43、ratory shall maintain current standard testmethods and other pertinent reference material.9.1.3 The laboratory shall participate in the appropriateCCRL Cement Proficiency Sample Program (see Note 4).NOTE 4The CCRL offers proficiency sample programs for physicaland chemical testing of portland and bl
44、ended cements and physical testingof masonry cement. The laboratory should participate in the programcompatible with its scope.9.1.4 Internal Quality System ReviewThe quality systemshall contain a document describing the scope of internalquality system reviews, establishing the frequency of theserev
45、iews, identifying individuals responsible for the review,describing the distribution of reports to managements, proce-dures for handling deficiencies, and identifying the location ofresulting records.10. Laboratory Records and Reports10.1 Quality System RecordsThe laboratory shall main-tain records
46、indicating compliance with the procedures de-scribed in their quality system documentation. Records shall bemaintained for at least five years. The records shall include atleast the following:10.1.1 Results of all calibrations and verifications per-formed in the laboratory,10.1.2 Traceability or acc
47、uracy of any in-house calibrationor verification equipment used,10.1.3 An inventory and description of all required testequipment,10.1.4 Records on laboratory personnel that document workexperience, education, on-the-job training, and action taken toensure continued competence in performing the requ
48、ired testmethods,10.1.5 Records of audits and inspections by outside agen-cies and all reports or certifications, with applicable dates, ofany evaluations or accreditations issued by an evaluatingauthority, and10.1.6 Records of participation in the appropriate CCRLCement Proficiency Sample Program.1
49、0.2 Test Report RecordsThe laboratory shall maintain asystem of documentation that permits verification of any testreport issued. Each test report and supporting documentationshall be retained for at least three years. Corrections oradditions to reports shall clearly reference the report beingamended. Include in the test report or the supporting documen-tation the following information:10.2.1 Name and address of the laboratory,10.2.2 Identification of the report and the date issued,10.2.3 Name of the client, if applicable,10.2.4 Project iden
