1、Designation: C 1224 03Standard Specification forReflective Insulation for Building Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1224; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements andphysical properties of reflective insulations for use in buildingapplications.
3、 These insulation materials consist of one or morelow emittance surfaces, such as metallic foil or metallicdeposits, unmounted or mounted on substrates. Reflectiveinsulations derive their thermal performance from surfaceswith an emittance of 0.1 or less, facing enclosed air spaces.1.2 The values sta
4、ted in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appr
5、o-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Me
6、ans ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC 727 Practice for Use of Reflective Insulation in BuildingConstructionsC 1258 Test Meth
7、od for Elevated Temperature and Humid-ity Resistance of Vapor Retarders for InsulationC 1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance ofInsulation Materials and FacingsC 1363 Test Method for the Thermal Performance of Build-ing Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box ApparatusC 1371 Test Method for Det
8、ermination of Emittance ofMaterials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emis-sometersE 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-rials2.2 TAPPI Standard:T512 Creasing of Flexible Packaging Material Paper Speci-mens
9、for Testing33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C 168 shall apply to theterms in this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 reflective insulationthermal insulation consisting ofone or more low emittance surfaces, bounding one or moreenclosed air spaces.4. Orderi
10、ng Information4.1 Prior to purchase, for sampling and acceptance proce-dures, Practice C 390 can be agreed upon between the pur-chaser and the manufacturer.4.2 Specify the required thermal resistance by the directionof the heat flow.4.3 Specify the width, depth, and total area to be insulated.4.4 Sp
11、ecify special markings, if required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Reflective insulation materials shall consist of lowemittance surface(s) with, or without, substrates and adhesivesrequired to meet the specified thermal performance and physi-cal properties.5.2 Multiple layer reflective insulations
12、 shall be designed toattain the intended separation of layers in normal application.Such multiple layer insulation shall form an attachment flangesuitable for stapling, or other means of attachment.5.3 DimensionsInsulation shall be furnished in dimen-sions to fit framing members, at spacings standar
13、d in theconstruction industry, or as specifically agreed upon betweenthe producer and the buyer.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 onReflective Insulation.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 20
14、03. Published October 2003. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 122401.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
15、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348; 15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA30092.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
16、-2959, United States.6. Physical Properties Requirements6.1 Low emittance materials shall have a surface with anemittance of 0.1 or less, as determined in accordance with 9.1.6.2 PermeanceIf the reflective insulation is to serve as avapor retarder, the permeance of the material shall not exceedone p
17、erm, as determined in accordance with 9.2.6.3 Surface Burning CharacteristicsBuilding code re-quirements specify flame spread and smoke developmentvalues determined in accordance with 9.3, except as follows:(1) Maximum surface burning characteristics shall not ex-ceed 25 flame spread index and 50 sm
18、oke development indexin either marine or inside plenum applications.(2) Maximum surface burning characteristics shall not ex-ceed 25 flame spread index and 450 smoke development indexin exposed building applications or other installations that mayhave specific requirements not covered by the buildin
19、g code.6.4 Humidity ResistanceThe laminates of the reflectiveinsulation shall be tested in accordance with 9.4. Threespecimens shall be exposed. Shield the test specimens fromcondensate that may drip from the ceiling of the humiditychamber.6.4.1 The specimens shall be evaluated for visible corrosion
20、and delamination. For purposes of corrosion evaluation, theouter 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) perimeter may be disregarded. Notested specimen shall exhibit visible crystalline deposits ex-ceeding 2 % of the test area nor exhibit unaided delaminationof layers.6.5 Adhesive Performance:6.5.1 BleedingAdhesives, wh
21、en used, shall show no signof bleeding when tested in accordance with the test procedurein 9.5.1. Bleeding at cut edges may be disregarded. Bleeding ordelamination, covering over 2 % of the specimen area, shall because for rejection.6.5.2 PliabilitySpecimens tested in accordance with thetest procedu
22、re in 9.5.2 shall not show cracking or delamination.6.6 Fungi ResistanceSpecimens shall not have growthgreater than comparative item when tested in accordance with9.6. Use Interpretation of Results (Paragraph 7.2) of TestMethod C 1338.6.7 Thermal ResistanceDetermine the thermal resistancein accordan
23、ce with procedures in 9.7. The results of theprocedures shall indicate the R-value of the product, in theassembly tested.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The insulation shall be manufactured, packaged, andshipped in such a manner that, when received by the customer,it shall be suitable for
24、installation in accordance with PracticeC 727.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling shall be performed in accordance with Prac-tice C 390.9. Test Methods9.1 EmittanceThe emittance of the product shall be testedin accordance with Test Method C 1371.9.2 PermeanceThe permeance of the product shall betested in accord
25、ance with Test Method E 96, DesiccantMethod.9.3 Surface BurningSurface burning characteristics shallbe tested in accordance with Test Method E 84.9.4 Humidity ResistanceThe humidity resistance of theproduct shall be tested in accordance with Test Method C 1258.9.5 Adhesive Performance:9.5.1 Bleeding
26、 and Delamination:9.5.1.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determinationof bleeding and delamination of the reflective insulation.9.5.1.2 Significance and UseIt is necessary that reflectiveinsulation not show adhesive bleeding or delamination sincethis could cause a loss of structural integrity and
27、a change inwater permeability.9.5.1.3 SamplingA minimum of three specimens of thereflective insulation, with dimensions of approximately 3 by 6in. (7.62 cm by 15.24 cm), shall be tested. The test specimensshall be cut from separate locations on a roll or panel of theinsulation.9.5.1.4 ProcedureSuspe
28、nd the specimens vertically in anoven and heat to a temperature of 180F (65F) for at least 5h. Determine, under 53 magnification, if the adhesive has bledor exuded through the surface, or if separation of foil fromsubstrate (delamination) has occurred.9.5.1.5 Precision and BiasNo information is pres
29、entedabout either precision or bias of this test method for determin-ing Bleeding and Delamination, since the test results arenonquantitative.9.5.2 Pliability:9.5.2.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determinationof cracking or delamination of the reflective insulation due tofolding and bending. Any
30、 reflective insulation product thatdoes not require bending during installation shall be exemptfrom the requirements of this section.9.5.2.2 Significance and UseIt is necessary that reflectiveinsulation not crack or delaminate since this could cause a lossof structural integrity and change in water
31、permeability.9.5.2.3 SamplingA minimum of three specimens of thereflective insulation shall be subjected to two tests: onespecimen shall contain a factory produced edge.9.5.2.4 ProcedureImmediately prior to testing: (1) Thespecimens shall be conditioned at a temperature of 70F(62F) and a relative hu
32、midity of 50 % (65 %) for a period ofno less than 24 h for the first test. The second test shall be at32F (62F) for a period of no less than 24 h. (2) The foillaminate shall be folded in accordance with TAPPI StandardT512, and the folded edge smoothed, using light fingerpressure. The finished lamina
33、te shall not crack or delaminatewhen folded to a 180 bend.9.5.2.5 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either precision or bias of TAPPI Standard T512 fordetermining cracking or delamination, due to folding or bend-ing, since the test result is nonquantitative.9.6 Fungi ResistanceThe f
34、ungi resistance of the productshall be determined in accordance with Test Method C 1338.C12240329.7 Thermal PerformanceThe thermal performance ofreflective insulation shall be determined in accordance withTest Method C 1363 using the following criteria:9.7.1 In order to determine the thermal perform
35、ance of thereflective insulation materials used in a test panel, a uniformmethod of adjustment of the test panel results is needed.9.7.2 The test panel shall consist of wood framing memberssheathed with a homogenous material with a thermal resistanceof no more than R-2, such as 0.25 to 0.75 in. (6.3
36、5 mm to 19.05mm) plywood, OSB board, drywall or chipboard. The exposedsurface shall not have an emittance less than 0.8. The width anddepth of the cavities shall be representative of the installationfor which the insulation product is intended. The reflectiveinsulation shall be installed in the test
37、 panel according to themanufacturers installation instructions.9.7.3 The testing of the reflective insulation shall be per-formed at a cavity mean temperature of 75 6 4F (24 6 2C)with a temperature difference across the insulated cavity of 306 2F (16.7 6 1C).9.7.3.1 To determine the cavity mean temp
38、erature andtemperature difference, sufficient temperature instrumentationshall be applied to the interior surfaces of the sheathing tomeasure the average temperature of these surfaces. Recom-mended temperature sensor layouts for 16 and 24 in. (40.64mm and 60.96 mm) on center guarded or calibrated ho
39、t boxesare shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.9.7.4 To determine the heatflow in the cavity area, the netheat flow shall be adjusted to account for the heat flow throughthe framing members. To perform this adjustment, the thermalresistance of the framing material must be known to within610 % and t
40、he average temperature difference across theframing members shall be measured.9.7.4.1 A sufficient number of temperature sensors shall beinstalled to determine the average temperature differenceacross the framing members. Recommended framing membertemperature sensor layouts for 16 and 24 in. (40.64
41、mm and60.96 mm) on center guarded and calibrated hot boxes areshown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.NOTE 1When cavity depths of less than 1 in. (25 mm) are beingtested, special care must be taken to install the thermocouples toaccurately measure the temperature gradient across the test cavity.Signifi
42、cant uncertainties can be introduced if large diameter temperaturesensors (or thermocouples) are used and if the sensors are not installed tomeasure the temperature gradient accurately. Consult Temperature Mea-surement in Test Method C 1363.9.7.5 The steady-state heat flow through the reflectiveinsu
43、lation in the cavity shall be determined from (Eq 1).QINS5 QTOTAL2AFRAMEDTFRAME/RFRAME! (1)where:QTOTAL= the total heat flow rate across the test panel(BTU/h),AFRAME= the cross-sectional area of the framing (ft2),DTFRAME= the average temperature difference across theframing (F),RFRAME= the thermal r
44、esistance of the framing(ft2hF/BTU), andQINS= the total heat flow rate across the insulatedcavity (BTU/h).9.7.6 The thermal resistance of the reflective insulation,RINS, shall be determined from (Eq 2).RINS5 AINSDTINS/QINS(2)where:AINS= the total cross-sectional area of the insulatedcavity (ft2), an
45、dDTINS= the average DT across the insulated cavity mea-sured from the inside surface of the warm-sidesheathing to the inside surface of the cool-sidesheathing.9.7.7 The heat flow correction due to the presence of theframing members resulting from Eq 1 shall be verified byrepeating the hot box measur
46、ement with a mass insulationmaterial with thermal resistance measured in accordance withtest methods C 177 or C 518.9.7.8 The thermal resistance of the framing, RFRAMEin Eq1, shall be determined from hot box data obtained with theNOTEThe diagram shows a total of 30 thermocouples. Eighteen of the the
47、rmocouples provide panel surface temperatures, twelve or more of thethermocouples provide stud surface temperatures. As few as 3 thermocouples minimum, per side, may be used to measure stud surface temperature.FIG. 1 Recommended Guarded Hot Box R-Value Test Panel Inside Surface and Stud Thermocouple
48、 Layout for 16 in. (406 mm) OC StudSpacingC1224033specific framing being used and mass insulation of knownthermal resistance using Eq 3.RFRAME5AFRAME DTFRAMEQTOTAL2AINSDTINSRINS(3)9.7.9 Reporting RequirementsThe report shall include allthe requirements of Test Methods C 177, C 518 or C 1363 asper th
49、e parameters listed in Eq 1 and 2 of Section 9. The dateof the last frame verification shall also be reported along withany specific test results affecting the present experiment.10. Inspection10.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and supplier as part of the purchasecontract as specified in Practice C 390.11. Rejection and Rehearing11.1 Requirements Determined by Visual Inspection:Samples shall be inspected visually for mechanical damage asfollows:11.1.1 Surface PuncturesShall not exceed one non-re
