1、Designation: C1232 09bStandard Terminology ofMasonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year o
2、f last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and genericdefinitions of terms specifically associated with masonry andmasonry units. These generic terms and definitions are usedwith
3、in the standards developed by Committee C12 on Mortarsand Grouts for Unit Masonry and Committee C15 on Manu-factured Masonry Units.1.2 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to clay masonryunits, in particular to Specifications C32, C34, C56,
4、C62,C126, C212, C216, C279, C410, C652, C902, C1088, C1167,C1261, C1272, and C1405, and to Test Methods C67.1.3 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to concrete ma-sonry units in particular to Specifications C55, C73, C90,C129, C139, C744, C
5、1319, C1372, C1491, C1623, and C1634and to Test Methods C140, C426, and C1262.1.4 This standard incorporates terms and definition of termsassociated with the standards specific to autoclaved aeratedconcrete masonry units in particular to Practice C1555 and toSpecification C1386.1.5 This standard inc
6、orporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to clay andconcrete roofing tile units in particular to Specifications C1167and C1492 and to Test Methods C1568, C1569, and C1570.1.6 For terminology specific to mortar and grout, seeTerminology C1180.2. Referenced Docume
7、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2C32 Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (MadeFrom Clay or Shale)C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing WallTileC43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products3C55 Specification for Concrete Building BrickC56 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing TileC6
8、2 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC73 Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-LimeBrick)C90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry UnitsC126 Specification for Ceramic Gl
9、azed Structural ClayFacing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry UnitsC129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete MasonryUnitsC139 Specification for Concrete Masonry Units for Con-struction of Catch Basins and ManholesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related Un
10、itsC212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry UnitsC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry Uni
11、tsC652 Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow MasonryUnits Made From Clay or Shale)C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and CalciumSilicate Masonry UnitsC902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickC1088 Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units MadeFrom Clay or ShaleC1167 Spec
12、ification for Clay Roof TilesC1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Re-lated Units3C1261 Specification for Firebox Brick for Residential Fire-placesC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retain
13、ing Wall Units and1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.08 on Terminology.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition app
14、roved in 2009 as C1232 09a. DOI:10.1520/C1232-09B.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.
15、 The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Related Concrete UnitsC1272 Specifi
16、cation for Heavy Vehicular Paving BrickC1319 Specification for Concrete Grid Paving UnitsC1372 Specification for Dry-Cast Segmental RetainingWall UnitsC1386 Specification for Precast Autoclaved Aerated Con-crete (AAC) Wall Construction UnitsC1405 Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, BrickUn
17、its)C1491 Specification for Concrete Roof PaversC1492 Specification for Concrete Roof TileC1555 Practice for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Masonry3C1568 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Mechanical Uplift Resistance Method)C1569 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete
18、 andClay Roof Tiles (Wind Tunnel Method)C1570 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)C1623 Specification for Manufactured Concrete MasonryLintelsC1634 Specification for Concrete Facing Brick3. Terminology3.1 Generic DefinitionsThe definitions apply to
19、 masonryunits and assemblies. They are generic as used by ASTMCommittees C12 and C15.bed surface, n(1) the nonvertical surfaces of a manufacturedmasonry unit intended by the manufacturer to be joined bymortar or other methods. (2) the in situ nonvertical surfacesof a manufactured masonry unit joined
20、 by mortar or othermethods.cryptoflorescence, ncrystalline deposit of water-solublecompounds in the pores of masonry.efflorescence, ncrystalline deposit, usually white, of water-soluble compounds on the surface of masonry.face, exposed, nthe in situ exposed surface(s) of a manu-factured masonry unit
21、.face, finished, nany surface(s) of a manufactured masonryunit intended by the manufacturer to be exposed to view.facing unit, nmanufactured masonry unit designed for usewhere one or more faces will be exposed and for which thespecification includes requirements on color, finish, andother properties
22、 affecting appearance.freeze thaw resistance, nthe ability of masonry to maintainintegrity under the forces caused by cyclic action of freezingand thawing in the presence of moisture.frog, nan indentation in a bed surface of a masonry unit.Indentations not exceeding38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a frog,
23、sometimes called a panel or panel frog. Indentations exceed-ing38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a deep frog.groove, na channel formed on surfaces other than finishedfaces of manufactured masonry units for production orconstruction purposes.height, nvertical dimension of the face of a unit when theunit is
24、positioned as a stretcher.hollow masonry unit, nunit whose net cross-sectional areain any plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, ordeep frogs is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional areameasured in the same plane.length, nhorizontal dimension of the face of a unit when theunit
25、 is positioned as a stretcher.manufactured masonry unit, na manmade noncombustiblebuilding product intended to be laid by hand and joined bymortar, grout, or other methods of joining.masonry, nthe type of construction made up of masonryunits laid with mortar, grout, or other methods of joining.nomin
26、al dimension, ndimension that is greater than thespecified dimension by the thickness of a mortar joint. It isusually expressed as a whole number.score, na channel formed for appearance purposes on thefinished faces of a manufactured masonry unit.shell, nthe outer walls of a hollow masonry unit. She
27、ll caneither be an end shell or a face shell.solid masonry unit, nunit whose net cross-sectional area inany plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, ordeep frogs is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sectional areameasured in the same plane.specified dimensions, ndimensions to which mason
28、ry unitsor constructions are required to conform. Actual (measured)dimensions may differ from the specified dimensions bypermissible variations.surface feature, na quality or condition of the face of amanufactured masonry unit.DISCUSSIONSurface features include coatings, colors, textures, re-lief, o
29、r combinations of these. A masonry unit may have differentsurface features on individual faces.thickness, nthat dimension designed to lie at right angles tothe face of the wall, floor, or other assembly.units placed in usage, nmanufactured masonry units thathave been installed in masonry.3.2 Definit
30、ions Specific to Clay Masonry Units:absorption, nweight of water picked up by a clay masonryunit during immersion at prescribed conditions expressed inrelation to the dry weight of the unit.DISCUSSIONTwo conditions of immersion are designated in stan-dards relating to brick: 24 h in room temperature
31、 (60 to 86F (15.5 to30C) water or5hinboiling water. (Different time intervals arespecified for structural tile and other products.) The resulting absorp-tions are termed cold water absorption and boiling water absorption.Absorption values are used in brick and tile standards as one factorin classify
32、ing these products into durability grades. Absorptions areindicators of the extent of firing during manufacture as well as beingindicators of durability.body color, nthe range of color obtained when materialsused to form the brick react to the effects of firing tempera-ture and atmosphere.DISCUSSION
33、There may be additives in the body to produce a desiredcolor. When no materials are added to the surface of the brick and theunit is not flashed when fired, the body color is also the through-bodycolor, a surface feature.brick, na solid or hollow masonry unit of clay or shale,usually formed into a r
34、ectangular prism, then burned or firedin a kiln; brick is a ceramic product.C1232 09b2brick, acid-resistant, nbrick suitable for use in contact withchemicals, usually in conjunction with acid-resistant mor-tars; see Specification C279.brick, building, nbrick for load-resisting or other purposeswhere
35、 appearance properties such as texture or color are notimportant (formerly called common brick); see SpecificationC62 and Specification C652.brick, facing, nbrick for general purposes where appearanceproperties such as color, texture, and chippage are important;see Specification C216 and Specificati
36、on C652.DISCUSSIONFacing brick are produced from selected clays and areavailable in typical face sizes, various colors, and in various textures.brick, floor, nbrick with physical properties related toresistance to chemicals, thermal and mechanical shock, orabsorption, or combinations of these, used
37、as finished floorsurfaces in industrial applications; see Specification C410.DISCUSSIONOther brick are used as flooring in non-industrialapplications; see Specification C902. Floor brick manufactured to meetthe requirements in Specification C410 are typically smooth and dense.brick, paving, nbrick m
38、ade to provide the wearing surfaceof highways, streets, driveways, walkways, patios, andsimilar applications; see Specifications C902 and C1272.brick, sewer, nlow absorption, abrasive-resistant brick in-tended for use in drainage structures; see Specification C32.brick, specially-shaped, na brick ma
39、nufactured to a basicshape of other than a rectangular prism.cells/core holes, ncontinuous openings or perforationswithin extruded clay products.DISCUSSIONThe extent of permissible openings is specified for eachproduct as the percentage of gross area in the normal bedding surfaceplane that must be n
40、et (solid) area. Core hole is generally used for brickwhile cell is used for structural tile. Cells are distinguished from coreholes by being larger in size.As an illustration, cells must be larger than1 in.2(645 mm2) under Specification C34, and 112 in.2(968 mm2)under Specification C652.clay, nan e
41、arthy or stony mineral aggregate consistingessentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic whensufficiently pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, andvitreous when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.coated finish, nthe surface color and texture resulting fromthe application of mineral par
42、ticles to the finished faces inthe manufacturing process.DISCUSSIONCoatings include sand, engobes, and glazes, and thesemay be applied alone or in bed finish, nthe texture resulting when faces are alteredby more or less parallel scratches or scarfs in manufacture.coring, vthe process of perforating
43、structural clay products,generally performed during extrusion by supporting cores(rods) within the shaping cap of the extruder.end-construction tile, ntile designed to receive its compres-sive stress parallel to the axes of the cell.engobe, na slip, other than a glaze, that is not imperviousand is a
44、pplied as a coating to a ceramic body to function asa glaze undercoat or to impart color, texture, opacity, or othercharacteristics.extrusion, nshaping of brick by pushing plastic clay or shalethrough a die opening that forms the peripheral dimensionsof the brick.DISCUSSIONThe column of extrudate is
45、 then cut into sections toprovide the third dimension of the brick. Water is added to the clay orshale in sufficient quantities to permit laminar flow through theextrusion machine. The consistency of the extrudate may vary from stiffand capable of supporting several times its weight to soft anddefor
46、mable under slight loads.fire clay, na sedimentary clay of low flux content.fired bond, nbond developed between particulate constitu-ents of brick solely as the result of the firing process.DISCUSSIONThe bond may result from fusion or melting of one ormore constituents of the composition or the surf
47、ace of particles. Otherthermal mechanisms such as sintering and interparticle reaction may beresponsible for the bond.The higher the heat treatment, the greater the extent of bonding andconsequently the greater the developed strength and the lower theresulting porosity. The bond development should b
48、e sufficient toprovide the specified strength, porosity, and durability for any particularproduct.fireproofing tile, ntile for use as a protection for structuralmembers against fire.firing, vprocess of heating the material to elevated tempera-tures.DISCUSSIONThe temperatures are usually in excess of
49、 1706F(930C). The extent of firing is a function of both time and temperature.The firing develops the inter-particulate bond, the strengths, the porestructure, and the color of the product. The extent of firing should besufficient to produce the levels of these properties required by thespecifications for the particular product.flashed finish, nthe range of color produced by the presenceof a reduced oxygen atmosphere in the kiln during firing.furring tile, ntile for lining the inside of walls and carryin
