1、Designation: C125 12Standard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms asthey ar
3、e used in standards under the jurisdiction of CommitteeC09.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of CommitteeC09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in DescriptiveNomenclature C294. Terms relating to constituents of aggre-
4、gates for radiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descrip-tive Nomenclature C638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included inTerminology C219. Additionally, the American Concrete Insti-tute has an electronic document, ACI Concrete Terminology,2which is updated periodically. While
5、this ACI Terminology isa useful resource, it shall not be referenced directly in ASTMstandards because it is not a consensus document. The use ofindividual ACI or other definitions in ASTM standards shall bein accordance with Form and Style, Section E5.9, Attributions.1.4 When a term is used in an A
6、STM standard for whichCommittee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if usedin more than one Committee C09 standard.NOTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will reviewdefinitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is stillappropriate as stated. Revisions will
7、be made when determined necessary.The year shown in parentheses at the end of a definition indicates the yearthe definition or revision to the definition was approved. A letter R and ayear indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the termhas not yet been reviewed.2. Referenced Do
8、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:3C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concr
9、eteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates
10、for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by theMaturity MethodC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forTestin
11、g Agency EvaluationC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating C
12、oncreteE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry forMetals, Ores, and Related Materials3. Terms and Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into andtends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting fr
13、om thepenetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R 2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case of concrete and concrete aggregates, unlessotherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass isthat which does not include water adhering to the outside surface, theincrease in mass is expressed
14、as a percentage of the dry mass of thebody and the body is considered to be “dry” when it has been treatedby an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as dryingto constant mass at a temperature between 100 and 110C.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onCon
15、crete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.91 on Terminology.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C12511b. DOI:10.1520/C0125-12.2Available from American Concrete Ins
16、titute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.terminology.concrete.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docume
17、nt Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.accreditation, nof testing agency, a process by which anevaluation authority attests
18、 that a testing agency has dem-onstrated the competency to perform specific tasks in accor-dance with a standard. (2011)admixture, na material other than water, aggregates, hy-draulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that isused as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify itsf
19、reshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that isadded to the batch before or during its mixing. (R 2008)accelerating admixture, nadmixture that accelerates thesetting and early strength development of concrete. (C494/C494M)air-entraining admixture, nadmixture that causes the de-velopment of
20、 a system of microscopic air bubbles inconcrete or mortar during mixing.chemical admixture, na nonpozzolanic admixture in theform of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid.mineral admixture, ndeprecated term.DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types ofwater insoluble, finel
21、y divided materials such as pozzolanic materials,cementitious materials, and aggregate. These materials are not similar,and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of thespecific material should be used, for example, use “pozzolan,” “slagcement,” or “finely divided aggregate,” a
22、s is appropriate.retarding admixture, nadmixture that retards the setting ofconcrete. (C494/C494M)water-reducing admixture, nadmixture that either in-creases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concretewithout increasing the water content or that maintains theslump with a reduced amount of water du
23、e to factors otherthan air entrainment.water-reducing admixture, high-range, na water-reducingadmixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction ofwater content when tested in accordance with SpecificationC494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requirementsof Specification C494/C494M.aggregate
24、, ngranular material, such as sand, gravel, crushedstone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementingmedium to form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar. (R2008)coarse aggregate, n(1) aggregate predominantly retainedon the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of anaggregate retained on th
25、e 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateeither in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gra
26、dingshould be stated in the specification.fine aggregate, n(1) aggregate passing the 9.5-mm (38-in.)sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieveand predominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or(2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve and retained on t
27、he 75-m (No. 200) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateeither in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gra
28、dingshould be stated in the specifications.heavyweight aggregate, nsee high-density aggregate.high-density aggregate, naggregate with relative densitygreater than 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, ilme-nite, iron, or steel.lightweight aggregate, nsee low-density aggregate.low-density aggreg
29、ate, naggregate with bulk density lessthan 1120 kg/m370 lb/ft3, such as: pumice, scoria,volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sinteredclay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, orslag; and end products of coal or coke combustion.normal-density aggregate, naggregate th
30、at is neither highnor low density.DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggregate with relative densitytypically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typicallyranging between 1120 kg/m370 lb/ft3 and 1920 kg/m3120 lb/ft3.normalweight aggregate, nsee normal-density aggregate.air content, nthe vol
31、ume of air voids in cement paste,mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregateparticles, usually expressed as a percentage of total volumeof the paste, mortar, or concrete. (R 2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air, entrained, nair voids, typically betwe
32、en 10 and 1000m (1 mm) in diameter and spherical or nearly so, that areincorporated intentionally into a cementitious mixture dur-ing mixing by use of an air entraining admixture. (2012)DISCUSSIONEntrained air is used primarily to increase the durabilityof cementitious mixtures exposed to cycles of
33、freezing and thawing inwet environments. Entrained air may affect workability and strength ofa hardened cementitious mixture.air, entrapped, nair voids, typically 1 mm or larger in sizeand mainly irregular in shape, that are incorporated uninten-tionally into a cementitious mixture during mixing and
34、handling. (2012)air voidsee void, air.authority, evaluation, nan independent entity, apart fromthe testing agency being evaluated, that has the capability toprovide an unbiased evaluation of the technical activities ofconcrete and concrete aggregates testing agencies. (2011)DISCUSSIONTwo acceptable
35、methods of evaluation are inspectionand accreditation, and these services are offered by various evaluationauthorities.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consistingessentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium andother bases, that is developed in a molten condition simul-taneou
36、sly with iron in a blast furnace. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, air-cooled , nthe material resulting fromsolidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by appli-cation of water to the solidified surface. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, expand
37、ed, nthe low density cellularC125 122material obtained by controlled processing of molten blast-furnace slag with water or water and other agents, such assteam or compressed air or both. (R 2011)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular mate-rial formed when molten blast-furnace slag is
38、rapidly chilled,as by immersion in water. (R 2008)bleeding, nthe autogenous flow of mixing water within, orits emergence from, newly placed concrete or mortar causedby the settlement of the solid materials within the mass, alsocalled water gain. (R 2008)bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a uni
39、t volume ofbulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes thevolume of the individual particles and the volume of thevoids between the particles). (R 2008)DISCUSSIONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightofaggregate.bulk specific gravity, nthe ratio of the mass of a volume ofa material
40、 (including the permeable and impermeable voidsin the material, but excluding the voids between particles ofthe material) at a stated temperature to the mass of an equalvolume of distilled water at a stated temperature. (R 2008)bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry), nthe ratio ofthe mass of
41、a volume of a material including the mass ofwater within the pores in the material (but excluding thevoids between particles) at a stated temperature, to the massof an equal volume of distilled water at a stated temperature.(R 2008)calcined, adjheated to a temperature less than the meltingpoint so a
42、s to bring about a decomposition, phase transition,or removal of a volatile fraction of a solid material. (2012)calibration, nof measuring instrument, a process that, underspecified conditions and following a standard procedure,establishes metrological traceability by determining: (1) therelationshi
43、p between the quantity values provided by mea-surement standards or certified reference materials and thecorresponding indications from a measuring instrument orsystem; and (2) the estimated uncertainty of measurementsmade subsequently with the instrument or system. (2011)DISCUSSIONCalibration takes
44、 into account systematic error (or bias)of the measuring instrument or system as well as random error that isassociated with the use of the measurement instrument or system anderror associated with the measurement standards or certified referencematerials. Calibration should not be confused with an
45、adjustment of ameasuring instrument or with verification of a measuring instrument.Sometimes the first step alone is mistakenly called calibration, butperforming only the first step is the process of standardization. In testsof concrete and concrete aggregates, standardization of measuringinstrument
46、s or systems is often sufficient.cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens bychemical reaction with water and is capable of doing sounder water. (R 2008)cement, slag, ngranulated blast-furnace slag that has beenground to cement fineness, with or witho
47、ut additions, andthat is a hydraulic cement.cementitious material (hydraulic), nan inorganic materialor a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and developsstrength by chemical reaction with water by formation ofhydrates and is capable of doing so under water. (R 2008)cementitious material, suppl
48、ementary, (SCM), nan inor-ganic material that contributes to the properties of a cemen-titious mixture through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity, orboth. (2012)DISCUSSIONSome examples of supplementary cementitious materi-als are fly ash, silica fume, slag cement, rice husk ash, and naturalpozzolans.
49、In practice, these materials are used in combination withportland cement.cementitious mixture, na mixture (mortar, concrete, orgrout) containing hydraulic cement. (R 2008)certification, nof technician, a process by which an exam-iner determines and attests in writing that an individual hasmet established criteria and is qualified to perform specifictest methods or practices. (2011)compound, curing, na liquid that, when applied to thesurface of newly-placed concrete, forms a membrane thatimpedes the evaporation of wate
