1、Designation: C1272 16bC1272 17Standard Specification forHeavy Vehicular Paving Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1272; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use as a paving material in areas with a high volume of heavy vehicular traffic.The units are desig
3、ned for use in such places as streets, commercial driveways, and aircraft taxiways. These units are not intendedfor applications covered by Specifications C410 or C902.1.2 Units are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatmentat el
4、evated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents toprovide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see Terminology C1232).1.3 Brick may be shaped during manufacture by extruding, molding, or pressing. Bri
5、ck may have spacing lugs, chamferededges, or both.1.4 Use of this standard and the requirements herein to evaluate and corroborate the performance of a paving unit made fromother materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials is not covered by the scope of thi
6、sstandard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internat
7、ionally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test M
8、ethods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by SandblastingC902 Specification for Pedestrian an
9、d Light Traffic Paving BrickC1232 Terminology of MasonryE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are defined in Terminology C1232.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.
10、1 heavy vehicular traffchigh volume of heavy vehicles representing trucks or combination vehicles having 3 or moreloaded axles.3.2.1.1 Discussion1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02
11、on Brickand Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016June 1, 2017. Published January 2017July 2017. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asC1272 16a.C1272 16b. DOI: 10.1520/C1272-16B.10.1520/C1272-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM websit
12、e, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication
13、of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consider
14、ed the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1High volume traffic is considered to exceed 251 daily Equivalent SingleAxle Loads (ESAL). Define
15、d by theAmericanAssociationof State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), an ESAL converts a mix of axle loads on a pavement to an equivalentnumber of 18,000 lb (80 kN) single axle loads.4. Classification4.1 TypesHeavy vehicular paving brick are classified by type according to their intended in
16、stallation:4.1.1 Type RBrick intended to be set in a mortar setting bed supported by an adequate concrete base; or an bituminous settingbed supported by an adequate asphalt or concrete base.4.1.2 Type FBrick intended to be set in a sandan aggregate setting bed, with sandaggregate joints, and support
17、ed by anadequate base.4.2 ApplicationsHeavy vehicular paving brick are classified by application according to their dimensional tolerances,warpage, and extent of chips.4.2.1 Application PSPavers intended for general use.4.2.2 Application PXPavers intended for use where a higher degree of precision a
18、nd a lower permissible variation indimensional tolerances and warpage are required than for Application PS.4.2.3 Application PAPavers intended to produce characteristic architectural effects resulting from nonuniformity in size, color,and texture.5. Physical Properties5.1 Freeze Thaw ResistanceUse o
19、ne of the following methods:5.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the type specified as prescribedin Table 1.5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe 24-h cold water absorption requirements specified in 5.1.1 shall not be requiredprovided a sam
20、ple of five brick, meeting all other requirements, passes the 50 cycle freezing-and-thawing test in Test Methods C67with not greater than 0.5 % loss in dry weight of any individual unit.NOTE 1The provisions of 5.1.2 are specified only as an alternative when the sample does not conform to the require
21、ments 24-h for cold waterabsorption prescribed in Table 1.5.1.2.1 Sulfate Soundness Test AlternativeThe 24-h cold water absorption requirements specified in 5.1.1 shall not be requiredif a representative sample of five brick survives 15 cycles of the sulfate soundness test in accordance with Section
22、s 4, 5, and 8 ofTest Method C88 with no visible damage.NOTE 2The sulfate soundness test is an optional substitute test for the freezing-and-thawing test (5.1.2).5.1.3 Performance AlternativeIf information on the performance over time of similar units in a similar application withsimilar exposure and
23、 traffic is furnished by the manufacturer or the manufacturers agent and is found acceptable to the specifierof the pavement material or the specifiers agent, the physical requirements in 5.1.1 or the size requirements in 7.2 shall not berequired.5.2 Abrasion ResistanceEach individual brick tested s
24、hall meet the requirements of either the Abrasion Index column or theVolume Abrasion Loss column of Table 2.5.2.1 Abrasion IndexThe abrasion index is calculated from the 24-h cold water absorption in percent and the compressivestrength in pounds per square inch as follows:abrasion index5 1003absorpt
25、ioncompressive strength (1)5.2.1.1 The compressive strength shall be determined on half-brick, which are the full height (no less than 214 in. (57 mm) andwidth of the unit, and with a length equal to one half the full length of the unit (614 in. (66 mm) for each dimension). For abrasionindex testing
26、 purposes, the brick shall be without core holes, frogs or other perforations. Other shaped specimens may be usedprovided that a correlation is established with the results of the specified shape and the results are converted to be equivalent tothose that would be obtained with the specified shape.5
27、.2.1.2 In those cases where the height requirements for determining compressive strength cannot be met, the abrasionresistance should be determined according to the volume abrasion loss method.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsType Minimum Compressive Strength, GrossArea, psi (MPa) Minimum Breaking Load,
28、lb/in. (kN/mm) Maximum 24-h ColdWater Absorption, %Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of 5 Brick IndividualR 8000 (55.2) 7000 (48.3) . . . . . . 6.0 7.0F 10 000 (69.0) 8800 (60.7) 475 (83) 333 (58) 6.0 7.0C1272 1725.2.2 Volume Abrasion LossThe volume abrasion loss should be d
29、etermined in accordance with Test Method C418, with thefollowing changes in procedure:5.2.2.1 The sand shall be a natural silica sand from Ottawa, IL, graded to pass a No. 50 (300-m) sieve and retained on a No.100 (150-m) sieve.5.2.2.2 The test shall be run on dry brick.5.2.2.3 The duration of the t
30、est shall be 2 min.5.2.2.4 The rate of sand flow shall be 400 g/min.5.2.2.5 The volume loss shall be determined by filling the abraded depression with modeling clay, striking off level with theoriginal surface of the brick, and removing and weighing the modeling clay. The volume loss shall be calcul
31、ated from the bulkdensity of the modeling clay. The bulk density should be determined on each lot of modeling clay. An alternative method ofdetermining the weight of clay used in filling the sandblast cavity is to determine the weight of the modeling clay sample beforeand after filling the cavity.5.
32、3 Skid ResistanceWhen specified, the units shall be tested for skid resistance in accordance with Test Method E303.5.4 CoringThe brick shall be without core holes or other perforations.5.5 Chips or CracksThe brick shall be free of chips or cracks larger than those listed in this specification that w
33、ouldsignificantly impair the performance of the system.6. Efflorescence6.1 When specified, the units shall be tested for efflorescence in accordance with Test Methods C67. The units shall be sampledat the place of manufacture.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 The size of the brick shall be
34、 as specified by the purchaser.7.2 The minimum specified thickness of the unit depends on the Type and shall be as follows:7.2.1 Type R214 in. (57.2 mm).7.2.2 Type F258 in. (66.7 mm).7.3 When chamfers are specified by the purchaser, the dimensions required in 7.2.2 are exclusive of chamfers.7.4 Lugs
35、 shall project no greater than 18 in. (3.2 mm), unless otherwise specified.NOTE 3Lugs may be used to provide a minimum joint size. When pavers are used in permeable paving assemblies, lugs may be larger than 18 in.(3.2 mm).7.4.1 When lugs are specified by the purchaser, the size of the brick and its
36、 associated dimensional tolerances shall include thelugs.NOTE 4Some manufacturers have the option of making brick with lugs in different locations. When the pavers are placed such that the lugs aredirectly opposed to each other, the dimension measurement shall include both lugs. When the pavers are
37、placed in a manner where the lugs are offset,or when lugs are only on one side of the unit, the dimension measurement shall include one lug only.7.5 In the sample of units, no unit shall depart from the specified size by more than the individual tolerance for the applicationspecified as prescribed i
38、n Table 3. Type F paving brick shall conform to Application PX only.7.6 Tolerances for warpage of surfaces or edges intended to be exposed in use from a plane surface and from a straight line,respectively, shall not exceed the maximum for the application specified as prescribed in Table 4. Type F pa
39、ving brick shallconform to Application PX only.TABLE 2 Abrasion RequirementsAType Abrasion Index, max Volume Abrasion Loss,max, cm3/cm 2R and F 0.11 1.7A See 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 for additional information.TABLE 3 Tolerances on DimensionsDimension, in. (mm) Permissible Variation, max, in. (mm)Application
40、 PS Application PX Application PA3 (76) and under 18 (3.2) 116 (1.6) no limitOver 3 to 5 (76 to 127) 316 (4.7) 332 (2.4) no limitOver 5 to 8 (127 to 203) 14 (6.4) 18 (3.2) no limitOver 8 (203) 516 (7.9) 732 (5.6) no limitC1272 1738. Finish and Appearance8.1 If brick having a particular color, color
41、range, or texture are desired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser. The texture of the finished face shall conform to an approved sample consisting of not less than four brick, eachrepresenting the texture desired. The color range shall be indicated by the approved sample.8.
42、2 Other than chips, the finished faces of the brick shall be free of cracks or other imperfections detracting from the appearanceof a designated sample when viewed from a distance of 20 ft (6 m) under diffused lighting. If brick having a particular color, colorrange, or texture are desired, these fe
43、atures shall be specified separately by the purchaser. The texture of the finished face shallconform to an approved sample consisting of not less than four brick, each representing the texture desired. The color range shallbe indicated by the approved sample.8.3 The finished faces of the brick shall
44、 be free of chips that exceed the limits given in Table 5. The cumulative length of chipson the finished face of a single unit shall not exceed 10 % of the perimeter of that face.8.4 A delivery shall contain not more than 5 % brick that do not meet the combined requirements of Tables 3-5, includingb
45、roken brick.8.5 After brick are placed in usage, the requirements for chippage and tolerances do not apply in determining compliance withthis specification.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordance with applicable sections in Test Methods C67.9.2 The manufacturer
46、 or the seller shall furnish specimens for tests. The place or places of selection shall be designated whenthe purchase order is placed.NOTE 5Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: If the results of the tests show that the brickdo not confo
47、rm to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller. If the results of the tests show that the brick do conformto the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 brick; fired masonry units; pavement surfacesSUM
48、MARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 16aC1272 16b) that may impact the use of this standard. (December(June 1, 2016)2017)(1) The definition of a joint wasChanged the description of Type F (4.1.2 modified ) to include
49、 pavers set in Note 3 forclarity.permeable pavements.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 16) that may impact the use of this standard. (June 1, 2016)(1) Note 3 was modified to address lugs in permeable paving assemblies.TABLE 4 Tolerances on WarpageSpecified Dimension, in.(mm) Permissible Warpage, max, in. (mm)Application PS Application PX Application PA8 (203) and under 332 (2.4) 116 (1.6) no limitOver 8 (203) to 12 (305) 18 (3.2) 332 (2.4) no limi
