1、Designation: C1283 11C1283 15Standard Practice forInstalling Clay Flue Lining1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements for installing clay flue lining for residential concrete or masonry chimneys.1.2 The values stated in inch
3、-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
4、 the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refr
5、actory MaterialsC27 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory BrickC55 Specification for Concrete Building BrickC90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry UnitsC99 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension StoneC129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry UnitsC1
6、70 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension StoneC199 Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory MortarsC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC315 Specification for Clay Flue Liners and Chimney PotsC652 S
7、pecification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products3. Terminology3.1 GeneralTerminology C896 should be used for clarification of definitions in this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chimney connectort
8、ubular unit or pipe used to convey products of combustion from a heating or cooking appliance tothe chimney.3.2.2 fluepassageway within a chimney through which products of combustion are conveyed.3.2.3 flue linermanufactured tubular nonloadbearing fired clay unit, normally used for conveying hot gas
9、es in chimneys.3.2.4 masonry chimneyvertical structure constructed of brick, concrete, concrete masonry units, or stone, which contains oneor more flues, and conveys products of combustion from a heat source or cooking appliance.3.2.5 smoke chambersection of a fireplace above the throat and below th
10、e flue, which is an area of transition from the shapeof the throat to the shape of the flue.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of Test andSpecifications.Current edition approved Nov
11、. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2015. Published November 2011December 2015. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20072011as C1283 07a.C1283 11. DOI: 10.1520/C1283-11.10.1520/C1283-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at se
12、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version
13、. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International,
14、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.6 thimblemanufactured tubular nonloadbearing fired clay unit normally used to connect the chimney connector from anappliance through the wall of the chimney to the flue.4. Footings and Foundations4.1 Footings fo
15、r masonry chimneys shall be constructed of concrete or solid masonry at least 12 in. (305 mm) thick, and it shallextend at least 6 in. (150 mm) beyond the face of the foundation or support wall on all sides. Footings shall be founded belowfrost depth on natural undisturbed earth or engineered fill.
16、In areas not subjected to freezing, footings shall be founded at least 12in. (305 mm) below finished grade.4.2 The foundation shall be placed, with respect to adjacent structures existing or anticipated, to minimize the possibility ofdamage by construction operations or by transmission of additional
17、 loads to the supporting soils.4.3 Concrete footings and foundations shall conform to local building codes.4.3.1 In the absence of a local building code, concrete with a minimum 28 day compressive strength of 3000 psi (21 MPa) shallbe used.4.4 Where a chimney or fireplace is added to the outside of
18、the exterior wall of an existing structure, the following shall apply:4.4.1 The new footing shall be installed at the same level or below the existing footing, provided the level is below the frostline and the new footing is placed on soil with adequate bearing capability.4.4.2 The existing drainage
19、 provision shall not be obstructed.5. Chimney Construction5.1 Materials:5.1.1 Flue LiningsSpecification C315.5.1.2 Refractory MortarTest Method C24 (cone 10) and Test Method C199 (medium duty and water insoluble).5.1.3 Concrete BlockSpecification C90 or Specification C129.5.1.4 BrickSpecification C5
20、5 or Specification C216, Grade SW.5.1.5 MortarSpecification C270.5.1.6 FirebrickClassification C27.5.1.7 Natural StoneTest Method C170 or Test Method C99.5.2 The chimney consists of a flue liner and the chimney wall. When used to vent a fireplace, the chimney is constructed directlyon the smoke cham
21、ber.5.3 The flue lining shall start from a point not less than 8 in. (205 mm) below the entrance of the lowest chimney connector.5.4 Flue liners shall be installed, each flue liner carefully bedded on the previous one, using water insoluble refractory mortarcomplying with Test Method C199 (medium du
22、ty). All joints of flue liners shall be 116 in. (1.6 mm) to 18 in. (3.2 mm) thick, andstruck flush so as to produce a straight, smooth, fully aligned flue. Liners shall be placed in such a manner as to minimize ledgesor steps within the flue passageway.5.5 Flue liners shall be maintained by filling
23、any voids in the interior, or hot face, with medium duty water insoluble refractorymortar conforming to Test Method C199.5.6 Flue liners shall be surrounded by masonry on all sides but shall not be bonded to the surrounding masonry. The flue linershall contact the chimney wall only as necessary for
24、support and alignment in order to permit the flue liner to expand and contractfreely. The separation of the flue liner from the surrounding concrete or masonry shall not exceed the wall thickness of the flueliner. Where seismic reinforcing requires the space between the flue liner and the chimney wa
25、ll to be grouted solid, the flue shallbe wrapped with ceramic fiber paper capable of withstanding temperatures of 2100F to prevent the flue liner from bonding to thechimney walls.5.7 The flue lining shall extend the entire height of the chimney. The lining shall be carried up as vertically as possib
26、le. Whenoffsets are necessary, their slopes shall be no flatter than 30 from vertical.5.8 When more than one flue is contained in a chimney, a separation shall be provided between adjacent flues. The separationshall be solid masonry wythes (partitions) not less than 4 in. (100 mm) nominal thickness
27、and bonded into the chimney walls.5.9 Adjustments to the liner size or shape shall be made with a masonry saw.5.9.1 When fabricating custom size flue liners, the aspect ratio shall not exceed 2:1 and the vertical joint shall be sealed withrefractory mortar as required in 5.4.5.10 Openings in the flu
28、e liner for chimney connectors shall be manufactured or machine cut.5.11 Chimney walls shall be constructed of concrete or solid masonry units at least 4 in. (100 mm) nominal thickness.5.11.1 Products for chimney wall masonry construction are those (concrete, concrete masonry units, brick or stone)
29、that are atleast 75 % solid or grouted solid and which meet the requirements of Specification C55, Specification C90, Specification C216Grade SW, or Specification C652.C1283 1525.11.2 Cast in place concrete chimneys must be designed by an engineer.5.12 The chimney shall be adequately anchored to the
30、 building to provide stability against wind and seismic loads. In seismicdesign categories, building codes may require additional anchoring or reinforcements.5.13 The mortar in all joints exposed to weather shall be compacted and well tooled.5.14 Masonry chimneys shall extend 3 ft (0.92 m) above the
31、 highest point of the structure where chimneys pass through a roofof a building and at least 2 ft (0.61 m) above any location of any structure within 10 ft (3.1 m) (measured horizontally from thevertical centerline chimney line).6. Clearances6.1 The minimum air space clearance between interior mason
32、ry chimneys and combustible materials shall be 2 in. (51 mm).Any chimney with at least one interior wall shall be treated as interior.6.2 The minimum air space clearance between exterior masonry chimneys and combustible materials shall be 1 in. (25 mm).6.3 Combustible material Exposed combustible tr
33、im and the edges of sheathing materials, such as wood siding and flooring,shall be permitted to abut the masonry chimney sidewalls, provided they are provided the chimney walls abutting the combustiblesare constructed of solid masonry a minimum of 128 in. (305 mm) from the inside surface of the flue
34、 liner.(205 mm) thick.6.4 All spaces between chimneys and floors floors, ceilings or ceilingsroofs through which chimneys pass shall be fire stoppedwith filled with non-combustible insulation or fireblocked with noncombustible material. The fire stopping fireblocking of spacesbetween chimneys and wo
35、od joists, beams, or headers shall be galvanized steel not thinner than 26 gage or noncombustible sheetmaterial not thicker than self-supporting or be placed on strips of metal or metal lath laid across the spaces between combustiblematerial and the chimney.12 in. (13 mm).7. Openings For Chimney Con
36、nections7.1 The chimney connection shall be made by either a metal or clay thimble. The thimble shall be installed on a 14 in. (6.4 mm)per foot slope toward the appliance. This is to allow any liquid creosote to drain back into the appliance for reburning.7.2 A minimum of 12 in. (305 mm) of solid ma
37、sonry, or a combination of 4 in. (100 mm) solid masonry and 2 in. (51 mm) airspace shall be provided between clay thimbles and combustible materials.7.3 The thimble shall pass through the flue lining and be flush with the inside of the flue lining or butted to the outside of theflue liner. The joint
38、 between the thimble and the flue lining shall be sealed with a refractory mortar.7.4 The opening for a flue pipe connection shall be positioned to maintain the clearances from combustible construction, asspecified in Section 6.7.5 The stovepipe shall be positioned so that horizontal movement will n
39、ot cause it to back out of the thimble or protrude intothe flue.8. Chimney Caps8.1 All masonry chimneys shall have a chimney cap that slopes a minimum of 10 downward from the flue liner to the edgeof the chimney cap (see Fig. 1).8.2 Chimney caps shall overhang the chimney wall by a minimum of 2 in.
40、(51 mm).FIG. 1 Chimney CapC1283 1538.3 Chimney caps are of the following types and construction:8.3.1 Precast or cast-in-place concrete caps shall be a minimum of 2 in. (51 mm) in thickness, shall have a drip slot on theunderside at least 1 12 in. (38 mm) away from the chimney wall, and shall be rei
41、nforced with a minimum of 12 in. (13 mm) meshgalvanized hardware cloth located halfway into the filled form.8.3.2 Metal chimney caps must lap down the chimney wall at least 4 in. (100 mm) and a noncombustible resilient sealant shallbe used between the metal cap and the flue liner and between the bas
42、e of the metal cap and the chimney.8.3.3 Stone caps shall be a minimum of 2 in. (51 mm) in thickness and shall have a drip slot on the underside at least 112 in.(38 mm) away from the chimney wall.8.4 Chimney caps shall be separated from the flue lining by a bond break, and this separation shall be s
43、ealed with anoncombustible resilient sealant to prevent water entering the chimney. This is a maintenance joint and should be checked andrenewed as needed (see Fig. 1).8.5 Clay flue linings shall extend above the chimney cap by not more than 4 in. (100 mm).8.6 Where a clay chimney pot is installed o
44、n a masonry chimney, the chimney pot shall comply with the requirements ofSpecification C315.9. Special Conditions9.1 Special features to mitigate any problem relating to condensation shall be permitted in the construction of chimneys.9.1.1 Flue liners with joints that prevent leakage of condensatio
45、n shall be permitted. Socketed and overlapping jointsmanufactured as an integral part of the flue liner are acceptable.9.1.2 A condensate drain installed at the base of the chimney shall be permitted.10. Keywords10.1 chimney; chimney caps; clay; fireplace; flue liner; flue lining; masonry; ventingAS
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