1、Designation: C1303/C1303M 14C1303/C1303M 15Standard Test Method forPredicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-CellFoam Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1303/C1303M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for predicting the long-term thermal resistance (L
3、TTR) of unfaced or permeably facedrigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulations by reducing the specimen thickness to accelerate aging under controlled laboratoryconditions (1-5).2NOTE 1See Terminology, 3.2.1, for the meaning of the word aging within this standard.1.2 Rigid gas-filled closed-cell fo
4、am insulation includes all cellular plastic insulations manufactured with the intent to retain ablowing agent other than air.1.3 This test method is limited to unfaced or permeably faced, homogeneous materials. This method is applied to a wide rangeof rigid closed-cell foam insulation types, includi
5、ng but not limited to: extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, andphenolic. This test method does not apply to impermeably faced rigid closed-cell foams or to rigid closed-cell bun stock foams.NOTE 2See Note 8 for more details regarding the applicability of this test method to rigid cl
6、osed-cell bun stock foams.1.4 This test method utilizes referenced standard test procedures for measuring thermal resistance. Periodic measurements areperformed on specimens to observe the effects of aging. Specimens of reduced thickness (that is, thin slices) are used to shortenthe time required fo
7、r these observations. The results of these measurements are used to predict the long-term thermal resistanceof the material.1.5 The test method is given in two parts. The Prescriptive Method in Part A provides long-term thermal resistance values ona consistent basis that can be used for a variety of
8、 purposes, including product evaluation, specifications, or product comparisons.The Research Method in part B provides a general relationship between thermal conductivity, age, and product thickness.1.5.1 To use the Prescriptive Method, the date of manufacture must be known, which usually involves t
9、he cooperation of themanufacturer.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo system
10、s may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of re
11、gulatorylimitations prior to use.1.8 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Reference Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Part A: The Prescriptive Method 6Applicability 6.1Qualification Requirements 6.1.1Facing Permeability 6.1.2Apparatus 6.21 This test method is under the
12、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on ThermalMeasurement.Current edition approved April 15, 2014Dec. 1, 2015. Published September 2014December 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20122014a
13、s C1303 12.C1303 14. DOI: 10.1520/C1303_C1303M-14.10.1520/C1303_C1303M-15.2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes
14、 have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official
15、 document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Sampling 6.3Schedule 6.3.1Representative Replicate Product Sheets 6.3.2Replicate Test Specimen Sets 6.3.3Specimen Preparation 6.4Goal 6.4.1Schedule 6.4.2Replicate Test Specimen
16、 Sets 6.4.3Specimen Extraction 6.4.3Specimen Extraction 6.4.4Slice Flatness 6.4.4Slice Flatness 6.4.5Slice Thickness 6.4.5Slice Thickness 6.4.6Stack Composition 6.4.6Stack Composition 6.4.7Storage Conditioning 6.5Test Procedure 6.6Thermal Resistance Measurement Schedule 6.6.1Thermal Resistance Measu
17、rements 6.6.2Product Density 6.6.3Calculations 6.7Part B: The Research Method 7Background 7.1TDSL Apparatus 7.2Sampling Schedule 7.3Specimen Preparation 7.4Storage Conditioning 7.5Test Procedure 7.6Calculations 7.7Reporting 8Reporting for Part A, the Prescriptive Method 8.1Reporting for Part B, the
18、Research Method 8.2Precision and Bias 9Keywords 10Mandatory Information Qualification AnnexA1Specimen Preparation A1.1Homogeneity Qualification A1.2Thermal Conductivity Equivalence Test Procedure A1.3Alternate Product Thickness Qualification A1.4Example Calculations A1.5Mandatory Information-Prepara
19、tion of Test Specimens forSpray-Foam ProductsAnnexA2Effect Of TDSL AppendixX1History of the Standard AppendixX2Theory of Foam Aging AppendixX3References2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements a
20、nd Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of theGuarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal InsulationC591 Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid
21、Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal InsulationC1029 Specification for Spray-Applied Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Thermal InsulationC1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1126 Specification for Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular Phenolic Thermal Insulat
22、ionC1289 Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation BoardD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular PlasticsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision,
23、 the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcess3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.C1303/C13
24、03M 1522.2 Other Standards:CAN/ULC S770 Standard Test Method for Determination of Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Thermal InsulationFoams42.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Test Method for Predicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions
25、of terms and symbols used in this test method, refer to Terminology C168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aging, vthe change in thermophysical properties of rigid closedcell plastic foam with time, primarily due to changesin the composition of the gas contained within the clo
26、sed cells.3.2.2 bias, na generic concept related to a consistent or systematic difference between a set of test results from the process(that is, the predicted thermal conductivity at 5 years) and an accepted reference value of the property being measured (that is, theactual thermal resistance after
27、 5 years of full-thickness products taken from the same lot as the source of the thin slices).3.2.3 core slice, na thin-slice foam specimen that was taken at least 5 mm 0.2 in. or 25 % of the product thickness,whichever is greater, away from the surface of the full-thickness product.3.2.4 effective
28、diffusion thickness, none-half of the geometric thickness minus the total thickness of damaged surface layer(s)(TDSL).3.2.5 facing, na material adhered to the surface of foam insulation, including any foam product that has been suffused intothe facing material, but not inclusive of any skin formed b
29、y the foam insulation itself.3.2.6 homogeneous material, nsufficiently uniform in structure and composition to meet the requirements of this test method(see A1.2).3.2.7 long-term, adjfor the purposes of the Prescriptive Method, long term refers to five years.3.2.8 normalized service life, nproduct s
30、ervice life divided by the square of the full product thickness, units of time/length2.3.2.9 scaled time, ntime divided by the square of the specimen thickness.3.2.10 scaled service life, ntime necessary for a thin specimen to reach the same thermal conductivity that a full thicknessspecimen would r
31、each at the end of its service life, equals the product service life multiplied by the square of the ratio of theaverage slice thickness to the full product thickness, value has units of time.3.2.11 service life, nthe anticipated period of time that the material is expected to maintain claimed therm
32、ophysical properties,may be dependent on the specific end-use application.3.2.12 surface slice, na thin-slice foam specimen that was originally adjacent to the surface of the full-thickness product andthat includes any facing that was adhered to the surface of the original full-thickness product.3.2
33、.13 thickness of damaged surface layer (TDSL), nthe average thickness of surface cells, on one surface, that are eitherdestroyed (ruptured or opened) during the preparation of test specimens or were originally open due to the manufacturing process.3.3 Symbols:Fsurface = fraction of the product thick
34、ness represented by surface slicei = counter used in a summationk = thermal conductivity, W/(mK)L = thickness, mn = counter used in a summationN = number of cut planar surfacesnSL = counter in a time series that corresponds to the service life.R = thermal resistance, (m2K)/WTDSL = average thickness
35、of damaged surface layer, mX = insulation thickness, mXeff = effective diffusion thickness of thermal resistance specimen, m=4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulation is thin-sliced to reduce the gas diffusion path length which accelerates the agingprocess. The result
36、ing temporal acceleration is proportional to the square of the ratio of the product use thickness to the slicethickness.4 Underwriters Laboratory of Canada, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096 USA,www.ulc.ca5 Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJC1303.C1303/
37、C1303M 1534.2 Careful and precise slice preparation is necessary and the process is described in detail in 6.4.4.3 In PartA, the Prescriptive Method, specific test dates are calculated and the thermal resistance of the thin slices is measuredon those dates.4.3.1 Qualification tests are included to d
38、etermine whether this method is applicable to a given material.4.4 In Part B, the Research Method, thermal conductivity is measured for a series of time periods and extensive data analysisis possible.5. Significance and Use5.1 Rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulations include all cellular plasti
39、c insulations which rely on a blowing agent (or gas),other than air, for thermal resistance values. At the time of manufacture, the cells of the foam usually contain their highestpercentage of blowing agent and the lowest percentage of atmospheric gases. As time passes, the relative concentrations o
40、f thesegases change due primarily to diffusion. This results in a general reduction of the thermal resistance of the foam due to an increasein the thermal conductivity of the resultant cell gas mixture. These phenomena are typically referred to as foam aging.5.1.1 For some rigid gas-filled closed-ce
41、ll foam insulation products produced using blowing agent gases that diffuse very rapidlyout of the full-thickness foam product, such as expanded polystyrene, there is no need to accelerate the aging process.5.1.2 Physical gas diffusion phenomena occur in three dimensions. The one-dimensional form of
42、 the diffusion equations usedin the development of this practice are valid only for planar geometries, that is, for specimens that have parallel faces and wherethe thickness is much smaller than the width and much smaller than the length.NOTE 3Please see Appendix X3 for a discussion of the theory of
43、 accelerated aging via thin slicing.NOTE 4Theoretical and experimental evaluations of the aging of insulation in radial forms, such as pipe insulation, have been made. (6) However,these practices have not evolved to the point of inclusion in the test standard.5.2 The change in thermal resistance due
44、 to the phenomena described in 5.1 usually occurs over an extended period of time.Information regarding changes in the thermal resistance of these materials as a function of time is required in a shorter period oftime so that decisions regarding formulations, production, and comparisons with other m
45、aterials can be made.5.3 Specifications C578, C591, C1029, C1126 and C1289 on rigid closed-cell foams measure thermal resistance afterconditioning at 23 6 1C 73 6 2F for 180 6 5 days from the time of manufacture or at 60 6 1C 140 6 2F for 90 days.This conditioning can be used for comparative purpose
46、s, but is not sufficient to describe long-term thermal resistance. Thisrequirement demonstrates the importance of the aging phenomena within this class of products.5.4 The Prescriptive Method in Part A provides long-term thermal resistance values on a consistent basis for a variety ofpurposes, inclu
47、ding product evaluation, specifications, or product comparisons. The consistent basis for these purposes is providedby a series of specific procedural constraints, which are not required in the Research Method described in Part B. The valuesproduced by the Prescriptive Method correspond to the therm
48、al resistance at an age of five years, which corresponds closely tothe average thermal resistance over a 15-year service life (7, 8).5.4.1 It is recommended that any material standard that refers to C1303 to provide a product rating for long-term thermalresistance specify the Part A Test Method of C
49、1303.5.5 The Research Method in Part B provides a relationship between thermal conductivity, age, and product thickness. Thecalculation methods given in Part B can be used to predict the resistance at any specific point in time as well as the averageresistance over a specific time period.NOTE 5The 5-year aged values produced in Part A can be derived from the Part B data only if all other Part A requirements are met.5.6 This test method addresses three separate elements relating to the aging of rigid closed-cell plastic foams.5.6.1 Specimen P
