1、Designation: C 1354/C 1354M 09Standard Test Method forStrength of Individual Stone Anchorages in DimensionStone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1354/C 1354M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides procedures for determiningthe ultimate strength of an assembly consisting of stone
3、withmechanical anchor (anchorage). Load is applied, separately,perpendicular to the surface of the panel and parallel to thesurface of the panel. This test is intended to represent theinteraction of the anchor with the stone panel. However,influence of the backup structure on the strength of theasse
4、mblies is not included.1.2 This test method is applicable to stone panels supportedby mechanical anchors.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system sh
5、all be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish app
6、ro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 1242 Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation ofDimension Stone Anchoring SystemsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE 57
7、5 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-semblies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 anchor, nin general, a metal shape inserted into aslot or hole in the stone panel that provides for the transfer ofloads from the stone to the build
8、ing structure, either directly orthrough an intermediate structure.3.1.2 anchorage, nassembly consisting of a stone panelwith a mechanical anchor.3.1.3 panel, ncut stone with large face dimensions inrelation to its thickness, for placement in a building structure orframe assembly.4. Summary of Test
9、Method4.1 Test specimens consisting of a stone panel sample and amechanical anchor are fabricated in the same manner and ofthe same materials as their intended construction uses. Themechanical anchor is connected to a test support. A test load isapplied perpendicular or parallel to the face of the s
10、tone panel.The test load is applied gradually using a calibrated testmachine; load is increased until the stone or the mechanicalanchor fails.4.2 The load at failure and mode of failure of each testspecimen is observed and recorded. The test as described aboveis repeated five times for each combinat
11、ion of stone and anchorto be tested and for each direction of load to be tested.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to provide informationfrom which applicable design data can be determined for agiven anchor used to support a dimension stone panel. Thestrength of a limited length
12、 of anchor may be related to a longerlength of support when the flexibility of the support is properlyconsidered by the designer. Refer to Guide C 1242.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestM
13、ethodsCurrent edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 135496(2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSt
14、andards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Testing Machine6.1 The testing machine shall conform to the requirementsof Practices E4.6.
15、2 The load from the testing machine shall be appliedthrough appropriate devices (a lubricated ball-and-socket or alubricated universal joint) to apply direct tension to the testspecimen without bending.7. Support Frame and Loading Device7.1 The support frame (excluding the anchor to be tested)shall
16、have sufficient strength to not yield while supportingmaximum applied load. In addition, the support frame shall besufficiently stiff to limit deflection to less than 0.04 in. 1 mmat maximum test load and to limit rotation to less than 2.7.2 For load perpendicular to the surface of the stone panel:7
17、.2.1 A rubber pad or a setting gypsum bed shall be usedbetween the stone and the loading or restraint surface to avoidconcentration of stress in the surface of the stone sample.7.2.2 A frame to support a stone sample with anchor in theside edge of the stone is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 representsoutwa
18、rd loading on a single stone panel. At the designersoption, two stone panels can be tested on a single split anchor.7.2.2.1 The test specimen is supported at one end by theanchor. The anchor shall be attached to the support frame in thesame way it will be attached to the backup structure inconstruct
19、ion. The sample of stone is supported at the oppositeend by a 1 in. 25 mm diameter rod.7.2.2.2 The load from the testing machine is applied to thestone sample through a 1 in. 25 mm diameter rod, located asclose as possible to the anchor that supports the stone but at adistance not less than the thic
20、kness of the panel.7.2.3 A frame to test a stone sample with anchor in back ofthe stone and the load applied in a direction perpendicular tothe panel are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The sample of stone panelis held down while the upward load is applied through a singlesample of anchor. The stone sample
21、may be held down byindependent anchors as shown in Fig. 2 or by the device usedto apply load as shown in Fig. 3.7.3 For load parallel to the surface of the stone panel:7.3.1 The stone panel sample is restrained in the plane of thepanel while a test load is applied parallel to the plane of thepanel a
22、s shown in Fig. 4. The area beneath the anchor shall bekept unsupported to prevent restraint of spalls that mayFIG. 1A Edge of Panel Supported by Tab Inserted into Kerf in Edge of PanelFIG. 1B Edge of Panel Supported by Pin Installed into Hole Drilled into Edge of PanelFIG. 1 Setup for Testing Conne
23、ction in Edge of SampleTest Procedure AC 1354/C 1354M 092artificially increase the strength. The surface between theloading plate and the stone panel sample shall be lubricated.8. Test Specimens8.1 Anchorage SystemThe anchorage system shall berepresentative of the type to be used in field constructi
24、on andshall include the anchor to be used and all accessories normallyrequired to attach the anchor to the backup structure. If sealant,epoxy, or other form of kerf filler is specified to be used in fieldconstruction, the bond between the sealant, epoxy, or otherform of kerf filler shall be intentio
25、nally prevented in the testassembly. Alternatively, provisions may be made to distributethe load from the anchor to the stone with a soft bearingmaterial. At the designers option, the sealant or epoxy may beallowed to bond.8.2 Anchor InstallationInstall the anchor and accessoriesin accordance with t
26、he specified design.8.3 Number of SpecimensFor each combination of stoneand anchor to be tested, test at least five specimens. Whereedge connections are used, a set of five specimens shall betested with connection made in each of the two perpendicularedges.NOTE 1More specimens may be needed dependin
27、g on the variabilityof the test results. If necessary, determine suitable statistical parameters toevaluate the composite variability and to select the number of specimensneeded for obtaining a given minimum precision in determining thecapacity of the anchorage system.8.4 Stone Panel SamplesSelect r
28、epresentative samples ofdimension stone. Stone samples shall be taken from slabsoriented relative to rift as will be used in construction. Stonesuppliers shall provide the following information: name ofstone used for tests, stone type, quarry source, rift orientation,and stone finish.FIG. 2 Setup fo
29、r Load Testing of Stone Panel with Connection in Back of Sample and Sample Held Down IndependentlyLoad AppliedPerpendicular to SurfaceC 1354/C 1354M 0938.5 Anchor SamplesUse anchor and accessories represen-tative of that specified for the intended construction. If it isdesired to measure fracture st
30、rength of stone when it exceedsthe strength of the metal anchor, an additional set of tests shallbe performed using a stiffer anchor or an anchor with a higheryield strength.FIG. 3 Setup for Testing of Stone Panel with Connection in Back of Sample and Sample Held Down by FixtureLoad AppliedPerpendic
31、ular to SurfaceFIG. 4 Setup for Load Testing of Stone Panel with Connection in Back of PanelLoad Applied Parallel to SurfaceC 1354/C 1354M 0948.6 PreconditioningStone panel samples shall be precon-ditioned by immersing in water for 48 h at 72 6 4F 22 62C. Test specimens immediately upon removing fro
32、m thebath, wiping the specimen free of surface water. At thedesigners option, stone may be tested in a dry condition.9. Procedure9.1 For a load applied perpendicular to the panel, one set offive specimens shall be tested with the load applied outward,and one set of five specimens shall be tested wit
33、h the loadapplied inward. At the designers option, only one directionmay be tested when it is apparent that a direction is the mostcritical based on the combination of greater load and lowerstrength.9.2 For a load applied parallel to the panel, one set of fivespecimens shall be tested with the load
34、applied in eachdirection the anchor is being tested.9.3 Apply the load smoothly and at a rate of one-half theanticipated ultimate strength of the anchor assembly perminute.9.4 Load each specimen until the anchor fails. Observe andrecord the failure of the load applied to each specimen.9.5 Observe an
35、d record the mode of failure. If restraintdevices have interfered with the fracture plane, note it andadjust the locations of the restraint devices.9.6 If desired, deflection at the anchorage may be measured.Deflection shall be measured to an accuracy of 0.001 in.0.02 mm and in the loading direction
36、. The designer specify-ing the test shall state what deflection is measured.10. Calculation10.1 For the specimens loaded using the test frame shown inFig. 1, report the load in the anchorage system as (see Fig. 1):anchorage system load 5test machine load!3aL(1)10.2 For specimens loaded using the tes
37、t frames shown inFig. 2, Fig. 3,orFig. 4, report the load in the anchorage systemas:anchorage system load 5 test machine load (2)11. Report11.1 Report the following information in accordance withPractice E 575:11.1.1 Test and report dates,11.1.2 Test sponsor agency,11.1.3 Identification of anchorage
38、 tested: manufacturer,type, material, finish, shape, dimensions, and other pertinentinformation,11.1.4 Description of the anchorage tested,11.1.5 Detailed drawings or photographs of test specimensbefore and after testing, if not described, including stonethickness, kerf dimensions or hole diameter,
39、location of hole orkerf, and engagement of anchor into hole or kerf. Actualdimensions of each sample tested (rather than nominal dimen-sions) shall be measured and reported,11.1.6 Stone name, stone type, quarry source, rift orienta-tion, and stone finish,11.1.7 Test method description, load procedur
40、es, and actualloading rate,11.1.8 Number of specimens tested,11.1.9 Individual and average failure test loads and indi-vidual failure modes, and11.1.10 Names, signatures, and, if required, the professionalcertificate or seal of responsible persons.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Individual variations in
41、a natural product may result invariation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conne
42、ction with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsi
43、ble technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful co
44、nsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100
45、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1354/C 1354M 095
