1、Designation: C 1363 05Standard Test Method forThermal Performance of Building Materials and EnvelopeAssemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1363; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method establishes the principles for the designof a hot box apparatus and
3、the minimum requirements for thedetermination of the steady state thermal performance ofbuilding assemblies when exposed to controlled laboratoryconditions. This method is also used to measure the thermalperformance of a building material at standardized test condi-tions such as those required in ma
4、terial Specifications C 739,C 764, C 1224 and Practice C 1373.1.2 This test method is used for large homogeneous ornon-homogeneous specimens. This test method applies tobuilding structures or composite assemblies of building mate-rials for which it is possible to build a representative specimenthat
5、fits the test apparatus. The dimensions of specimenprojections or recesses are controlled by the design of the hotbox apparatus. Some hot boxes are limited to planar or nearlyplanar specimens. However, larger hot boxes have been used tocharacterize projecting skylights and attic sections. See 3.2 fo
6、ra definition of the test specimen and other terms specific to thismethod.NOTE 1This test method replaces Test Methods C 236, the GuardedHot Box, and C 976, the Calibrated Hot Box which have been withdrawn.Test apparatus designed and operated previously under Test MethodsC 236 and C 976 will require
7、 slight modifications to the calibration andoperational procedures to meet the requirements of Test Method C 1363.21.3 A properly designed and operated hot box apparatus isdirectly analogous to the Test Method C 177 guarded hot platefor testing large specimens exposed to air induced temperaturediffe
8、rences. The operation of a hot box apparatus requires asignificant number of fundamental measurements of tempera-tures, areas and power. The equipment performing thesemeasurements requires calibration to ensure that the data areaccurate. During initial setup and periodic verification testing,each me
9、asurement system and sensor is calibrated against astandard traceable to a national standards laboratory. If the hotbox apparatus has been designed, constructed and operated inthe ideal manner, no further calibration or adjustment would benecessary.As such, the hot box is considered a primary method
10、and the uncertainty of the result is analyzed by direct evalua-tion of the component measurement uncertainties of theinstrumentation used in making the measurements.1.3.1 In an ideal hotbox test of a homogenous material thereis no temperature difference on either the warm or coldspecimen faces to dr
11、ive a flanking heat flow. In addition, therewould be no temperature differences that would drive heatacross the boundary of the metering chamber walls. However,experience has demonstrated that maintaining a perfect guard/metering chamber balance is not possible and small correctionsare needed to acc
12、urately characterize all the heat flow pathsfrom the metering chamber. To gain this final confidence in thetest result, it is necessary to benchmark the overall result of thehot box apparatus by performing measurements on specimenshaving known heat transfer values and comparing those resultsto the e
13、xpected values.1.3.2 The benchmarking specimens are homogeneous pan-els whose thermal properties are uniform and predictable.These panels, or representative sections of the panels, have hadtheir thermal performance measured on other devices that aredirectly traceable or have been favorably compared
14、to anational standards laboratory. For example, a Test MethodC 177 Hot Plate, a Test Method C 518 Heat Meter or anotherTest Method C 1363 Hot Box will provide adequate specimens.Note that the use of Test Method C 518 or similar apparatuscreates additional uncertainty since those devices are calibrat
15、edusing transfer standards or standard reference materials. Byperforming this benchmarking process, the hot box operator isable to develop the additional equations that predict themagnitude of the corrections to the net heat flow through thespecimen that account for any hot box wall loss and flankin
16、gloss. This benchmarking provides substantial confidence thatany extraneous heat flows can be eliminated or quantified withsufficient accuracy to be a minor factor of the overall uncer-tainty.1.4 In order to ensure an acceptable level of result uncer-tainty, persons applying this test method must po
17、ssess aknowledge of the requirements of thermal measurements andtesting practice and of the practical application of heat transfer1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on ThermalMeasurement.Curren
18、t edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 1363 97.2Footnotes in the text are supplied to clarify the discussion only, and as such, arenot mandatory.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
19、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.theory relating to thermal insulation materials and systems.Detailed operating procedures, including design schematicsand electrical drawings, shall be available for each apparatus toensure that tests are in accordance with this test method.1.5 This test
20、 method is intended for use at conditions typicalof normal building applications. The naturally occurring out-side conditions in temperate zones range from approximately48 to 85C and the normal inside residential temperatures isapproximately 21C. Building materials used to construct thetest specimen
21、s shall be pre-conditioned, if necessary, basedupon the materials properties and their potential variability.The preconditioning parameters shall be chosen to accuratelyreflect the test samples intended use and shall be documentedin the report. Practice C 870 may be used as a guide for testspecimen
22、conditioning. The general principles of the hot boxmethod can be used to construct an apparatus to measure theheat flow through industrial systems at elevated temperatures.Detailed design of that type of apparatus is beyond the scope ofthis method.1.6 This test method permits operation under natural
23、 orforced convective conditions at the specimen surfaces. Thedirection of airflow motion under forced convective conditionsshall be either perpendicular or parallel to the surface.1.7 The hot box apparatus also is used for measurements ofindividual building assemblies that are smaller than the meter
24、-ing area. Special characterization procedures are required forthese tests. The general testing procedures for these cases aredescribed in Annex A11.1.8 Specific procedures for the thermal testing of fenestra-tion systems (windows, doors, skylights, curtain walls, etc.) aredescribed in Test Method C
25、 1199 and Practice E 1423.1.9 The hot box has been used to investigate the thermalbehavior of non-homogeneous building assemblies such asstructural members, piping, electrical outlets, or constructiondefects such as insulation voids.1.10 This test method sets forth the general design require-ments n
26、ecessary to construct and operate a satisfactory hot boxapparatus, and covers a wide variety of apparatus construc-tions, test conditions, and operating conditions. Detailed de-signs conforming to this standard are not given but must bedeveloped within the constraints of the general requirements.Exa
27、mples of analysis tools, concepts and procedures used inthe design, construction, characterization, and operation of ahot box apparatus is given in Refs (1-34).31.11 The hot box apparatus, when constructed to measureheat transfer in the horizontal direction, is used for testingwalls and other vertic
28、al structures. When constructed to mea-sure heat transfer in the vertical direction, the hot box is usedfor testing roof, ceiling, floor, and other horizontal structures.Other orientations are also permitted. The same apparatus maybe used in several orientations but may require special designcapabil
29、ity to permit repositioning to each orientation. What-ever the test orientation, the apparatus performance shall firstbe verified at that orientation with a specimen of knownthermal resistance in place.1.12 This test method does not specify all details necessaryfor the operation of the apparatus. De
30、cisions on materialsampling, specimen selection, preconditioning, specimenmounting and positioning, the choice of test conditions, and theevaluation of test data shall follow applicable ASTM testmethods, guides, practices or product specifications or govern-mental regulations. If no applicable stand
31、ard exists, soundengineering judgment that reflects accepted heat transfer prin-ciples must be used and documented.1.13 This test method applies to steady-state testing anddoes not establish procedures or criteria for conducting dy-namic tests or for analysis of dynamic test data. However,several ho
32、t box apparatuses have been operated under dynamic(non-steady-state) conditions after additional characterization(1). Additional characterization is required to insure that allaspects of the heat flow and storage are accounted for duringthe test. Dynamic control strategies have included both peri-od
33、ic or non-periodic temperature cycles, for example, to followa diurnal cycle.1.14 This test method does not permit intentional masstransfer of air or moisture through the specimen duringmeasurements. Air infiltration or moisture migration can alterthe net heat transfer. Complicated interactions and
34、dependenceupon many variables, coupled with only a limited experience intesting under such conditions, have made it inadvisable toinclude this type testing in this standard. Further considerationsfor such testing are given in Appendix X1.1.15 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
35、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4C 168 Terminology Relating to The
36、rmal Insulating Materi-alsC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 236 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Performanceof Building Assemblies by Means of a Guarded Hot BoxC 518 Test Method for Steady-St
37、ate Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC 739 Specification for Cellulosic Fiber (Wood Base)Loose-fill Thermal InsulationC 764 Specification for Mineral Fiber Loose-fill ThermalInsulationC 870 Practice for Conditioning of Thermal Insula
38、ting Ma-terialsC 976 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Performanceof Building Assemblies by Means of a Calibrated Hot Box3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
39、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.C1363052C 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal TransmissionProperties from Steady-State Heat Flux MeasurementsC 1058 Practice for Selecting
40、Temperatures for Reportingand Evaluating Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationsC 1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC 1130 Practice for Calibrating Thin Heat Flux TransducersC 1132 Practice for Calibration of the Heat Flow MeterAp
41、paratusC 1199 Test Method for Measuring the Steady State Ther-mal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems Using Hot BoxMethodsC 1224 Specification for Reflective Insulation for BuildingApplicationsC 1373 Practice for Determination of Thermal Resistanceof Attic Insulation Systems Under Simulated Winter
42、 Con-ditionsC 1558 Guide for Development of Standard Data Recordsfor Computerization of Thermal Transmission Test Datafor Thermal InsulationE 230 Standard Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF)Tables for ThermocouplesE 283 Test Method for Rate of Air Leakage ThroughExterior Windows, Curtain Walls and
43、 DoorsE 1423 Practice for Determining the Steady State ThermalTransmittance of Fenestration SystemsE 1424 Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leak-age Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure and Temperature DifferencesAcross the Specimen2.2 Other Documents:
44、ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Latest Edition,American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Con-ditioning Engineers, Inc.5ISO Standard 8990 Thermal Insulation Determination ofSteady StateThermal PropertiesCalibrated and GuardedHot Box, ISO 8990-1994(E)6ISO Standard 12567 Thermal Performance o
45、f Windows andDoorsDetermination of Thermal Transmittance by HotBox Method, ISO 12567-200063. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions of terms relating to insu-lating materials and testing are governed by TerminologyC 168, unless defined below. All terms discussed in this testmethod are those assoc
46、iated with thermal properties of thetested specimen, unless otherwise noted.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 building elementa portion of a building assembly,selected for test, in the expectation that it will exhibit the samethermal behavior as the larger building assembly th
47、at itrepresents. Guidance for the selection process is given inSection 7. For purposes of this method, a single material whoseproperties are being evaluated is also defined as a buildingelement.3.2.2 metered specimenthe element that fills the boundaryof the metering chamber opening. The metered spec
48、imen canbe: (1) the entire building element when it is the same size asthe metering chamber opening dimensions; (2) the buildingelement and the surround panel in the case when the buildingelement is smaller than the opening; (3) a portion of thebuilding element when the building element is larger th
49、an theopening.3.2.3 test specimenthat portion of the metered specimenfor which the thermal properties are to be determined. The testspecimen can be: (1) the entire building element when it is thesame size as the metering chamber dimensions; (2) the buildingelement only in the case when the building element is smallerthan the opening; (3) that portion of the building element thatis within the metered area when the building element is largerthan the opening.3.2.4 surround panelthe surround panel, often called themask, is a uniform structure having stable thermal propertiesth
