1、Designation: C1364 10aStandard Specification forArchitectural Cast Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification includes the physical properties, sam-pling, testing, tolerance, and appearance requirements forarchitectural cast stone.1.2 Cast stone un
3、its covered under this specification includeboth wet cast and vibratory dry tamp products. Productionmethods of cast stone can vary among manufacturers; manyproduction methods are acceptable provided the delivered caststone meets the requirements of this specification.1.3 Surface textures, finish, c
4、olor, or other special featuresshould be specified separately by the purchaser.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 Th
5、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documen
6、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231 Test Method for
7、 Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry UnitsC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement
8、sC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally ColoredConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC11
9、57 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1194 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Architec-tural Cast StoneC1195 Test Method for Absorption of Architectural CastStoneD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2244 Practic
10、e for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinates2.2 ACI Standards:318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cast stone, nan architectural precast concrete build-ing unit intended to simulate natu
11、ral cut stone.3.1.2 vibrant dry tamp (dry cast) products, ncast stonemanufactured from zero slump concrete densely compacted byapparatus. (See Note 1.)3.1.3 wet cast products, ncast stone manufactured frommeasurable slump concrete consolidated by apparatus. (SeeNote 1.)NOTE 1Apparatus used in the pr
12、oduction of cast stone may includeautomatic, semi-automatic, or manual devices that deploy internal orexternal vibration, vibrant tamping, vibration under pressure, centrifugal1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibil
13、ity of Subcommittee C27.20 onArchitectural and Structural Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1364 10. DOI:10.1520/C1364-10A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
14、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
15、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.casting, or combinations of these techniques to achieve the specifiedphysical properties.4. Materials and Design4.1 Raw MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the follow-ing specifications:4.1.1 Cement:4.1.1.1 Portland Cemen
16、tSpecification C150.4.1.1.2 Blended CementSpecification C595.4.1.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.2 AggregatesSpecification C33, except for gradingrequirements.4.1.3 Coloring PigmentSpecification C979, except thatcarbon black pigment shall not be used.4.1.4 ReinforcementSpecification A615
17、/A615M.4.1.5 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shallconform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.5.1 Air Entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260, ex-cept for vibrant dry tamp products.4.1.5.2 Water Reducing and Accelerating AdmixturesSpecification C494/C494M.4.1.5.3 Other Constituents
18、Integral water repellents andother chemicals for which no ASTM standard exists shall bepreviously established as suitable for use in concrete by provenfield performance or through laboratory testing.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C989.4.1.7 Fly Ash or Natural PozzolanSpecification C618.4.2 DesignSam
19、ples shall be submitted for approval ofcolor and texture. The manufacturer shall prepare drawings forapproval showing shapes, sizes, reinforcement, exposed faces,and anchorage provisions. The purchaser or his authorizedrepresentative shall approve the samples and drawings beforemanufacture.4.3 Reinf
20、orcement:4.3.1 Reinforcement shall be new billet steel reinforcingbars meeting the requirements of Specification A615/A615Munless specified otherwise by the purchaser.4.3.2 Reinforce units when necessary for safe handling andstructural stress.4.3.3 Reinforcement shall be noncorrosive where facesexpo
21、sed to weather are covered with less than 1.5 in. (38 mm)of concrete material. All reinforcement shall have minimumcoverage of twice the diameter of the bars.4.3.4 Area of reinforcement in panels greater than 24 in.(600 mm) in more than one direction shall be not less than0.25 % of the cross section
22、 area in that direction. Units lessthan 249 (600 mm) in both their length and width dimensionshall be non-reinforced unless otherwise specified.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Compressive StrengthAt 28 days after manufacture,not less than 6500 psi (45 MPa), when tested in accordancewith Test Method C119
23、4.5.2 Absorption, Cold WaterAt 28 days after manufacture,not greater than 6 %, when tested in accordance with MethodA, Cold Water of Test Method C1195.5.3 Absorption, Boiling WaterAt 28 days after manufac-ture, not greater than 10 %, when tested in accordance withMethod B, Boiling Water Test of Test
24、 Method C1195.5.4 Air ContentProvide sufficient air content to meet thefreeze-thaw requirements for wet cast products, when the aircontent is tested in accordance with Test Method C173/C173Mor Test Method C231.5.5 Field Testing of cast stone shall be in accordance withTest Methods C1194 and C1195. F
25、ield tested specimens shallhave a minimum compressive strength of 85 % with no singlespecimen testing less than 75 % of the design requirement asallowed by ACI 318.5.6 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing:5.6.1 The manufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser that theunits have adequate resistance to free
26、zing and thawing eitherthrough proven field performance of similar products madefrom the same materials or through laboratory testing.5.6.2 If laboratory testing is required, the cast stone shall betested using Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A, exceptthe method of evaluation is to be based on cum
27、ulative percentloss in mass and not relative dynamic modulus of elasticity anddurability factor (that is, do not measure the fundamentaltransverse frequency during testing). Follow the proceduremodifications to Test Method C666/C666M in 5.6.2.1 through5.6.2.5.5.6.2.1 After the cast stone is 14 days
28、of age, wet-saw three3 by 4 by 16 in. (76 by 102 by 406 mm) beams from a singlesample of cast stone to represent three specimens for a singletest. One surface of each beam shall be from the exposed,formed face of the sample and the remaining sides shall be sawcut. The allowable size tolerance of the
29、 specimens shall be 618in. (3 mm).5.6.2.2 Do not oven dry the beam specimens until all testingfor resistance to freezing and thawing has been completed.5.6.2.3 Submerge each beam specimen in lime-saturatedwater at 73.4 6 3F (23 6 1.7C) at least 24 h prior tosubjection to freezing and thawing. Subjec
30、t each specimen tofreezing and thawing as described in Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A. Inspect each specimen every 30 to 36cycles and collect the fragments caused by freeze-thaw cyclingfrom each specimen individually to monitor loss in massduring testing. For each specimen, oven dry the spalled
31、material and determine its mass until the loss in mass due todrying is not more than 0.2 % in2hofdrying. Record the dataindividually and cumulatively for each specimen throughoutthe test until 300 cycles are completed or the mass lost is atleast 10 %, whichever occurs first. Specimens shall then beo
32、ven dried at a temperature of 212 to 230F (100 to 110C)until the loss in mass due to drying is not more than 0.1 % in48 h of drying. They shall be removed from the oven andallowed to cool at room temperature for approximately 30 minbefore measuring final dry mass. The initial dry mass of eachspecime
33、n is considered to be the final dry mass of the specimenplus the total dry mass of fragments collected from the beamthroughout the test.5.6.2.4 Calculate the cumulative percent mass loss (CPWL)for each beam specimen as follows:CPWL Beam!,%5SS 1 B3 100 (1)where:C1364 10a2CPWL (Beam) = cumulative perc
34、ent mass loss,S = total dry mass of spalled material, andB = oven dried beam mass at the end of thetest.5.6.2.5 Calculate the CPWL for the sample. The CPWL ofthe sample is the average CPWL (Beam) of the three speci-mens.5.6.2.6 It is not possible to specify the precision of theprocedure in this spec
35、ification for freeze-thaw because data isnot yet available. Since there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias of results of this test, nostatement on bias is being made.5.6.3 The CPWL shall be less than 5 % after 300 cycles offreezing and thawing.5.7 Linear Drying Shrink
36、ageShall not exceed 0.065 %when tested in accordance with Test Method C426.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 Cross section dimensions shall not deviate by more than618 in. (3 mm) from approved dimensions.6.2 Length of units shall not deviate by more than length/360 or 618 in. (3 mm), which
37、ever is greater, not to exceed 614in. (6 mm).7. Sampling and Testing7.1 Sample and test units of cast stone in accordance withTest Methods C1194 and C1195.7.1.1 If laboratory testing is required for resistance tofreezing and thawing, sample and test one unit from each caststone mixture design in acc
38、ordance with 5.6.7.2 Visually examine units in accordance with Section 8.7.3 Visually examine color differences between units andthe approved sample under daylight illumination as definedunder Spectral Power Distribution in paragraph 5.1.1.1 ofPractice D1729.7.4 Instrumentally examine color differen
39、ces, if required, inaccordance with Test Method D2244.8. Visual Inspection8.1 All surfaces intended to be exposed to view shall have afine-grained texture similar to natural stone, with no air voidsin excess of132 in. (0.8 mm) and the density of such voids shallbe less than three occurrences per any
40、 1 in.2(25 mm2) and notobvious under direct daylight illumination from a 5-ft (1.5-m)distance, unless otherwise specified.8.2 Minor chipping resulting from shipment and deliveryshall not be grounds for rejection. Minor chipping shall not beobvious under direct daylight illumination from a 20-ft (6-m
41、)distance.8.3 Units shall exhibit a texture approximately equal to theapproved sample when viewed under direct daylight illumina-tion at a 10-ft (3-m) distance.8.4 The occurrence of crazing or efflorescence shall notconstitute a cause for rejection.9. Permissible Variation in Color9.1 Total Color Di
42、fferenceNot greater than 6 units fromthe approved sample or between units of comparable agesubjected to similar weathering when tested in accordance withthe color difference equation in paragraph 6.2.1 of Test MethodD2244.9.2 Hue DifferenceNot greater than 2 units from theapproved sample or between
43、units of comparable age subjectedto similar weathering when tested in accordance with the colordifference equation in paragraph 6.2.7 of Test Method D2244.10. Rejection10.1 If the shipment fails to conform to physical or visualrequirements in Sections 5 and 7, the manufacturer may recallthe shipment
44、, sort it, and new specimens shall be selected bythe purchaser and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. Ifthe second set of specimens fails to conform to the testrequirements, the entire shipment shall be rejected.10.2 Units shall be visually inspected and tested prior toinstallation.11. Keywo
45、rds11.1 architectural cast stone; precast building unit; simulatenatural stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the valid
46、ity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comme
47、nts are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have n
48、ot received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple co
49、pies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1364 10a3
