1、Designation: C1364 10bC1364 16Standard Specification forArchitectural Cast Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification includes the physical properties, sampling, testing, tolerance, and appearance requirements forarchitectural cast stone.1.2 Cast s
3、tone units covered under this specification include both wet cast and vibratory dry tamp products. Production methodsof cast stone can vary among manufacturers; many production methods are acceptable provided the delivered cast stone meets therequirements of this specification.1.3 Surface textures,
4、finish, color, special applications, or other features shall be specified by the purchaser. Slump,manufacturing method, and apparatus shall be selected by the manufacturer and not specified by the purchaser.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
5、 parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish app
6、ropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specificatio
7、n for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of
8、Concrete Masonry UnitsC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawi
9、ngC979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1194 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Architectural Cast StoneC1195 Test Method for Absorption of Architectur
10、al Cast StoneD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates2.2 ACI Standards:318 Building Code Requirements for Reinfo
11、rced Concrete31 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 onArchitectural and Structural Products.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2016. Published November 2010January 2016. Orig
12、inally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asC1364 10a.C1364 10b. DOI: 10.1520/C1364-10B.10.1520/C1364-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information,
13、 refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, 38800 Country Club Dr., Farmington Hills, MI 48333.48331-3439, http:/www.concrete.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of
14、 an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as pub
15、lished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cast stone, nan architectural precast concrete building unit intended to simulate natural cut
16、 stone.3.1.2 vibrant dry tamp (dry cast) products, ncast stone manufactured from zero slump concrete densely compacted byapparatus. (See Note 1.)3.1.3 wet cast products, ncast stone manufactured from measurable slump concrete consolidated by apparatus. (See Note 1.)NOTE 1Apparatus used in the produc
17、tion of cast stone may include automatic, semi-automatic, or manual devices that deploy internal or externalvibration, vibrant tamping, vibration under pressure, centrifugal casting, or combinations of these techniques to achieve the specified physical properties.4. Materials and Design4.1 Raw Mater
18、ialsMaterials shall conform to the following specifications:4.1.1 Cement:4.1.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150.4.1.1.2 Blended CementSpecification C595.4.1.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.2 AggregatesSpecification C33, except for grading requirements.4.1.3 Coloring PigmentSpecificati
19、on C979, except that carbon black pigment shall not be used.4.1.4 ReinforcementSpecification A615/A615M.4.1.5 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall conform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.5.1 Air Entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260, except for vibrant dry tamp products.4.1.
20、5.2 Water Reducing and Accelerating AdmixturesSpecification C494/C494M.4.1.5.3 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents and other chemicals for which no ASTM standard exists shall bepreviously established as suitable for use in concrete by proven field performance or through laboratory testing.4.
21、1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C989.4.1.7 Fly Ash or Natural PozzolanSpecification C618.4.2 DesignSamples shall be submitted for approval of color and texture. The manufacturer shall prepare drawings forapproval showing shapes, sizes, reinforcement, exposed faces, and anchorage provisions. The purchas
22、er or his authorizedrepresentative shall approve the samples and drawings before manufacture.4.3 Reinforcement:4.3.1 Reinforcement shall be new billet steel reinforcing bars meeting the requirements of Specification A615/A615M unlessspecified otherwise by the purchaser.4.3.2 Reinforce units when nec
23、essary for safe handling and structural stress.4.3.3 Reinforcement shall be noncorrosive where faces exposed to weather are covered with less than 1.5 in. (38 mm) ofconcrete material. All reinforcement shall have minimum coverage of twice the diameter of the bars.4.3.4 Area of reinforcement in panel
24、s greater than 24 in. (600 mm) in more than one direction shall be not less than 0.25 % ofthe cross section area in that direction. Units less than 24“ 24 in. (600 mm) in both their length and width dimension shall benon-reinforced unless otherwise specified.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Compressive S
25、trengthAt 28 days after manufacture, not less than 6500 psi (45 MPa), when tested in accordance with TestMethod C1194.5.2 Absorption, Cold WaterAt 28 days after manufacture, not greater than 6 %, when tested in accordance with Method A,Cold Water of Test Method C1195.5.3 Absorption, Boiling WaterAt
26、28 days after manufacture, not greater than 10 %, when tested in accordance with MethodB, Boiling Water Test of Test Method C1195.5.3 Air ContentProvide sufficient air content to meet the freeze-thaw requirements for wet cast products, when the air contentis tested in accordance with Test Method C17
27、3/C173M or Test Method C231.5.4 Field Testing of cast stone shall be in accordance with Test Methods C1194 and C1195. Field tested specimens shall havea minimum compressive strength of 85 % with no single specimen testing less than 75 % of the design requirement as allowedby ACI 318.5.5 Resistance t
28、o Freezing and Thawing:5.5.1 The manufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser that the units have adequate resistance to freezing and thawing either throughproven field performance of similar products made from the same materials or through laboratory testing.5.5.2 If laboratory testing is required, the
29、 cast stone shall be tested using Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A, except themethod of evaluation is to be based on cumulative percent loss in mass and not relative dynamic modulus of elasticity andC1364 162durability factor (that is, do not measure the fundamental transverse frequency during te
30、sting). Follow the procedure modificationsto Test Method C666/C666M in 5.6.2.15.5.2.1 through 5.6.2.55.5.2.5.5.5.2.1 After the cast stone is 14 days of age, wet-saw three 3 by 4 by 16 in. (76 by 102 by 406 mm) beams from a single sampleof cast stone to represent three specimens for a single test. On
31、e surface of each beam shall be from the exposed, formed face ofthe sample and the remaining sides shall be saw cut. The allowable size tolerance of the specimens shall be 618 in. (3 mm).5.5.2.2 Do not oven dry the beam specimens until all testing for resistance to freezing and thawing has been comp
32、leted.5.5.2.3 Submerge each beam specimen in lime-saturated water at 73.4 6 3F (23 6 1.7C) at least 24 h prior to subjection tofreezing and thawing. Subject each specimen to freezing and thawing as described in Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A.Inspect each specimen every 30 to 36 cycles and colle
33、ct the fragments caused by freeze-thaw cycling from each specimenindividually to monitor loss in mass during testing. For each specimen, oven dry the spalled material and determine its mass untilthe loss in mass due to drying is not more than 0.2 % in 2 h of drying. Record the data individually and
34、cumulatively for eachspecimen throughout the test until 300 cycles are completed or the mass lost is at least 10 %, whichever occurs first. Specimensshall then be oven dried at a temperature of 212 to 230F (100 to 110C) until the loss in mass due to drying is not more than 0.1 %in 48 h of drying. Th
35、ey shall be removed from the oven and allowed to cool at room temperature for approximately 30 min beforemeasuring final dry mass. The initial dry mass of each specimen is considered to be the final dry mass of the specimen plus thetotal dry mass of fragments collected from the beam throughout the t
36、est.5.5.2.4 Calculate the cumulative percent mass loss (CPWL) for each beam specimen as follows:CPWL Beam!,%5 SS1B 3100 (1)where:CPWL (Beam) = cumulative percent mass loss,S = total dry mass of spalled material, andB = oven dried beam mass at the end of the test.5.5.2.5 Calculate the CPWL for the sa
37、mple. The CPWL of the sample is the average CPWL (Beam) of the three specimens.5.5.2.6 It is not possible to specify the precision of the procedure in this specification for freeze-thaw because data is not yetavailable. Since there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias
38、of results of this test, no statement on biasis being made.5.5.3 The CPWL shall be less than 5 % after 300 cycles of freezing and thawing.5.6 Linear Drying ShrinkageShall not exceed 0.065 % when tested in accordance with Test Method C426.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 Cross section dime
39、nsions shall not deviate by more than 618 in. (3 mm) from approved dimensions.6.2 Length of units shall not deviate by more than length/360 or 618 in. (3 mm), whichever is greater, not to exceed 614 in.(6 mm).7. Sampling and Testing7.1 Sample and test units of cast stone in accordance with Test Meth
40、ods C1194 and C1195.7.1.1 If laboratory testing is required for resistance to freezing and thawing, sample and test one unit from each cast stonemixture design in accordance with 5.65.5.7.2 Visually examine units in accordance with Section 8.7.3 Visually examine color differences between units and t
41、he approved sample under daylight illumination as defined underSpectral Power Distribution in paragraph 5.1.1.1 of Practice D1729.7.4 Instrumentally examine color differences, if required, in accordance with Test Method D2244.8. Visual Inspection8.1 All surfaces intended to be exposed to view shall
42、have a fine-grained texture similar to natural stone, with no air voids inexcess of 132 in. (0.8 mm) and the density of such voids shall be less than three occurrences per any 1 in.2 (25 mm2) and not obviousunder direct daylight illumination from a 5-ft (1.5-m) distance, unless otherwise specified.8
43、.2 Minor chipping resulting from shipment and delivery shall not be grounds for rejection. Minor chipping shall not be obviousunder direct daylight illumination from a 20-ft (6-m) distance.8.3 Units shall exhibit a texture approximately equal to the approved sample when viewed under direct daylight
44、illuminationat a 10-ft (3-m) distance.8.4 The occurrence of crazing or efflorescence shall not constitute a cause for rejection.C1364 1639. Permissible Variation in Color9.1 Total Color DifferenceNot greater than 6 units from the approved sample or between units of comparable age subjectedto similar
45、 weathering when tested in accordance with the color difference equation in paragraph 6.2.1 of Test Method D2244.9.2 Hue DifferenceNot greater than 2 units from the approved sample or between units of comparable age subjected to similarweathering when tested in accordance with the color difference e
46、quation in paragraph 6.2.7 of Test Method D2244.10. Rejection10.1 If the shipment fails to conform to physical or visual requirements in Sections 5 and 7, the manufacturer may recall theshipment, sort it, and new specimens shall be selected by the purchaser and tested at the expense of the manufactu
47、rer. If the secondset of specimens fails to conform to the test requirements, the entire shipment shall be rejected.10.2 Units shall be visually inspected and tested prior to installation.11. Keywords11.1 architectural cast stone; precast building unit; simulate natural stoneASTM International takes
48、 no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own resp
49、onsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your v
