1、Designation: C1364 161C1364 17Standard Specification forArchitectural Cast Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorially added decimal places to percentages in 5.2 and 5.5.3 in September 2016.1. Scope1.1 This specification includes the physical properties, samplin
3、g, testing, tolerance, and appearance requirements forarchitectural cast stone.1.2 Cast stone units covered under this specification include both wet cast and vibratory dry tamp products. Production methodsof cast stone can vary among manufacturers; many production methods are acceptable provided th
4、e delivered cast stone meets therequirements of this specification.1.3 Surface textures, finish, color, special applications, or other features shall be specified by the purchaser. Slump,manufacturing method, and apparatus shall be selected by the manufacturer and not specified by the purchaser.1.4
5、The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, assoc
6、iated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internation
7、ally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Sp
8、ecification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231C231/C231M Test Method for Air
9、Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC260C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Masonry UnitsC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC595C595/C595M Specification for Blended H
10、ydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and ThawingC979C979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteC989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Ce
11、ment for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1194 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Architectural Cast StoneC1195 Test Method for Absorption of Architectural Cast Stone1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 o
12、n Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 onArchitectural and Structural Products.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016Sept. 1, 2017. Published January 2016September 2017. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20102016as C1364 10b.C1
13、364 161. DOI: 10.1520/C1364-16E01.10.1520/C1364-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This docum
14、ent is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as a
15、ppropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Di
16、fferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates2.2 ACI Standards:318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cast stone, nan archi
17、tectural precast concrete building unit intended to simulate natural cut stone.3.1.2 vibrant dry tamp (dry cast) products, ncast stone manufactured from zero slump concrete densely compacted byapparatus. (See Note 1.)3.1.3 wet cast products, ncast stone manufactured from measurable slump concrete co
18、nsolidated by apparatus. (See Note 1.)NOTE 1Apparatus used in the production of cast stone may include automatic, semi-automatic, or manual devices that deploy internal or externalvibration, vibrant tamping, vibration under pressure, centrifugal casting, or combinations of these techniques to achiev
19、e the specified physical properties.4. Materials and Design4.1 Raw MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the following specifications:4.1.1 Cement:4.1.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150C150/C150M.4.1.1.2 Blended CementSpecification C595C595/C595M.4.1.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157C1157/C11
20、57M.4.1.2 AggregatesSpecification C33C33/C33M, except for grading requirements.4.1.3 Coloring PigmentSpecification C979C979/C979M, except that carbon black pigment shall not be used.4.1.4 ReinforcementSpecification A615/A615M.4.1.5 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall conform to the followin
21、g applicable specifications:4.1.5.1 Air Entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260C260/C260M, except for vibrant dry tamp products.4.1.5.2 Water Reducing and Accelerating AdmixturesSpecification C494/C494M.4.1.5.3 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents and other chemicals for which no ASTM standar
22、d exists shall bepreviously established as suitable for use in concrete by proven field performance or through laboratory testing.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C989C989/C989M.4.1.7 Fly Ash or Natural PozzolanSpecification C618.4.2 DesignSamples shall be submitted for approval of color and texture.
23、The manufacturer shall prepare drawings forapproval showing shapes, sizes, reinforcement, exposed faces, and anchorage provisions. The purchaser or his authorizedrepresentative shall approve the samples and drawings before manufacture.4.3 Reinforcement:4.3.1 Reinforcement shall be new billet steel r
24、einforcing bars meeting the requirements of Specification A615/A615M unlessspecified otherwise by the purchaser.4.3.2 Reinforce units when necessary for safe handling and structural stress.4.3.3 Reinforcement shall be noncorrosive where faces exposed to weather are covered with less than 1.5 in. (38
25、 mm) ofconcrete material. All reinforcement shall have minimum coverage of twice the diameter of the bars.4.3.4 Area of reinforcement in panels greater than 24 in. (600 mm) in more than one direction shall be not less than 0.25 % ofthe cross section area in that direction. Units less than 24 in. (60
26、0 mm) in both their length and width dimension shall benon-reinforced unless otherwise specified.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Compressive StrengthAt 28 days after manufacture, not less than 6500 psi (45 MPa), when tested in accordance with TestMethod C1194.5.2 Absorption, Cold WaterAt 28 days after m
27、anufacture, not greater than 6.0 %, when tested in accordance with Method A,Cold Water of Test Method C1195.5.3 Air ContentProvide sufficient air content to meet the freeze-thaw requirements for wet cast products, when the air contentis tested in accordance with Test Method C173/C173M or Test Method
28、 C231C231/C231M.5.4 Field Testing of cast stone shall be in accordance with Test Methods C1194 and C1195. Field tested specimens shall havea minimum compressive strength of 85 % with no single specimen testing less than 75 % of the design requirement as allowedby ACI 318.3 Available from American Co
29、ncrete Institute (ACI), 38800 Country Club Dr., Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3439, http:/www.concrete.org.C1364 1725.5 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing:5.5.1 The manufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser that the units have adequate resistance to freezing and thawing either throughproven field perfor
30、mance of similar products made from the same materials or through laboratory testing.5.5.1 If laboratory testing is required, the The cast stone shall be tested using Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A, exceptthe method of evaluation is to be based on cumulative percent loss in mass and not relativ
31、e dynamic modulus of elasticity anddurability factor (that is, do not measure the fundamental transverse frequency during testing). factor. Follow the proceduremodifications to Test Method C666/C666M in 5.5.2.15.5.1.1 through 5.5.2.55.5.1.5.5.5.1.1 After the cast stone is 14 days of age, wet-saw thr
32、ee 3 by 4 by 16 in. (76 by 102 by 406 mm) beams from a single sampleof cast stone to represent three specimens for a single test. One surface of each beam shall be from the exposed, formed face ofthe sample and the remaining sides shall be saw cut. The allowable size tolerance of the specimens shall
33、 be 618 in. (3 mm).5.5.1.2 Do not oven dry the beam specimens until all testing for resistance to freezing and thawing has been completed.5.5.1.3 Submerge each beam specimen in lime-saturated water at 73.4 6 3F (23 6 1.7C) at least 24 h prior to subjection tofreezing and thawing. Subject each specim
34、en to freezing and thawing as described in Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A.Inspect each specimen every 30 to 36 cycles and collect the fragments caused by freeze-thaw cycling from each specimenindividually to monitor loss in mass during testing. For each specimen, oven dry the spalled material a
35、nd determine its mass untilthe loss in mass due to drying is not more than 0.2 % in 2 h of drying. Record the data individually and cumulatively for eachspecimen throughout the test until 300 cycles are completed or the mass lost is at least 10 %, whichever occurs first. Specimensshall then be oven
36、dried at a temperature of 212 to 230F (100 to 110C) until the loss in mass due to drying is not more than 0.1 %in 48 h of drying. They shall be removed from the oven and allowed to cool at room temperature for approximately 30 min beforemeasuring final dry mass. The initial dry mass of each specimen
37、 is considered to be the final dry mass of the specimen plus thetotal dry mass of fragments collected from the beam throughout the test.5.5.1.4 Calculate the cumulative percent mass loss (CPWL) for each beam specimen as follows:CPWL Beam!,%5 SS1B 3100 (1)where:CPWL (Beam) = cumulative percent mass l
38、oss,S = total dry mass of spalled material, andB = oven dried beam mass at the end of the test.5.5.1.5 Calculate the CPWL for the sample. The CPWL of the sample is the average CPWL (Beam) of the three specimens.5.5.1.6 It is not possible to specify the precision of the procedure in this specificatio
39、n for freeze-thaw because data is not yetavailable. Since there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias of results of this test, no statement on biasis being made.5.5.2 The CPWL shall be less than 5.0 % after 300 cycles of freezing and thawing.5.6 Linear Drying ShrinkageS
40、hall not exceed 0.065 % when tested in accordance with Test Method C426.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 Cross section dimensions shall not deviate by more than 618 in. (3 mm) from approved dimensions.6.2 Length of units shall not deviate by more than length/360 or 618 in. (3 mm), whichev
41、er is greater, not to exceed 614 in.(6 mm).7. Sampling and Testing7.1 Sample and test units of cast stone for compressive strength and absorption in accordance with Test Methods C1194 andC1195., respectively.7.1.1 If laboratory testing is required for resistance to freezing and thawing, sample and t
42、est one unit from each cast stonemixture design in accordance with 5.5.7.2 Freeze/thaw durability shall be based on tests of cast stone units of any configuration or dimension made with the samematerials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process, and curing method, conducted in accordance with 5.5
43、 and within 24 monthsof production of the units.7.3 Total linear drying shrinkage shall be based on tests of cast stone units of any configuration or dimension made with thesame materials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process, and curing method, conducted in accordance with Test Method C426and
44、 within 24 months of production of the units.7.4 Visually examine units in accordance with Section 8.7.5 Visually examine color differences between units and the approved sample under daylight illumination as defined underSpectral Power Distribution in paragraph 5.1.1.1 of Practice D1729.7.6 Instrum
45、entally examine color differences, if required, in accordance with Test Method D2244.C1364 1738. Visual Inspection8.1 All surfaces intended to be exposed to view shall have a fine-grained texture similar to natural stone, with no air voids inexcess of 132 in. (0.8 mm) and the density of such voids s
46、hall be less than three occurrences per any 1 in.2 (25 mm2) and not obviousunder direct daylight illumination from a 5-ft (1.5-m) distance, unless otherwise specified.8.2 Minor chipping resulting from shipment and delivery shall not be grounds for rejection. Minor chipping shall not be obviousunder
47、direct daylight illumination from a 20-ft (6-m) distance.8.3 Units shall exhibit a texture approximately equal to the approved sample when viewed under direct daylight illuminationat a 10-ft (3-m) distance.8.4 The occurrence of crazing or efflorescence shall not constitute a cause for rejection.9. P
48、ermissible Variation in Color9.1 Total Color DifferenceNot greater than 6 units from the approved sample or between units of comparable age subjectedto similar weathering when tested in accordance with the color difference equation in paragraph 6.2.1 of Test Method D2244.9.2 Hue DifferenceNot greate
49、r than 2 units from the approved sample or between units of comparable age subjected to similarweathering when tested in accordance with the color difference equation in paragraph 6.2.7 of Test Method D2244.10. Rejection10.1 If the shipment fails to conform to physical or visual requirements in Sections 5 and 7, the manufacturer may recall theshipment, sort it, and new specimens shall be selected by the purchaser and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. If the secondset of specimens fails to conform to the test requirements, the e
