1、Designation: C1372 14aC1372 16Standard Specification forDry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers dry-cast segmental retaining wall units of concrete, machinemade from hydraulic cement, water,and suitable
3、mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. The units are intended for use in the constructionof mortarless segmental retaining walls.NOTE 1When particular features are desired, such as density classification, higher compressive strength, surface texture, finish, color, or o
4、ther specialfeatures, such properties should be specified separately by the purchaser. Suppliers should be consulted as to availability of units having the desiredfeatures.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(exclud
5、ing those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered sta
6、ndard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsC595 Specificatio
7、n for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1262 Test Method for Evaluatin
8、g the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and RelatedConcrete Units3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this specification.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 Dry-cast, adjmanufacturing concrete products using low frequency, high amplitude vibrat
9、ion to consolidate concrete ofstiff or extremely dry consistency in a form.3.2.2 segmental retaining wall unit, nunit manufactured of concrete for the construction of dry-stacked earth retaining walls.3.2.3 segmental retaining wall unit, dry-cast, na segmental retaining wall unit manufactured of con
10、crete using a dry-castprocess.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementsSpecification C150.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct respons
11、ibility of C15.03 on Concrete MasonryUnits and Related UnitsCurrent edition approved Dec. 1, 2014June 1, 2016. Published January 2015July 2016. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asC1372 14.C1372 14a. DOI: 10.1520/C1372-14A.10.1520/C1372-16.2 For referencedASTM stand
12、ards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an AS
13、TM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published
14、 by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement conforming to Specificat
15、ion C150, modified as follows:4.1.2.1 LimestoneLimestone, with a minimum 85 % Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) content, shall be permitted to be added tothe cement, provided these requirements of Specification C150 as modified are met:(1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(1) Limitation on Insoluble Res
16、idue1.5 %.(2) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max.(3) Limitation on Loss of Ignition7 %.(2) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max.(3) Limitation on Loss of Ignition7 %.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C595.4.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification
17、C1157.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.6 Blast Furnace Slag CementSpecification C989.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the following specifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSp
18、ecification C331.4.3 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, coloring pigments, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, and otherconstituents shall be previously established as suitable for use in segmental retaining wall units and shall conform to applicableASTM standards or shall be show
19、n by test or experience to be not detrimental to the durability of the segmental retaining wallunits or any material customarily used in segmental retaining wall construction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the work site, the units shall conform to the physical requirements of
20、 Table 1 when tested inaccordance with 8.2. All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement of theunits or significantly impair the strength or permanence of the construction. Minor cracks incidental to the usual method ofmanufacture or minor chi
21、pping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are not grounds forrejection.5.1.1 When higher compressive strengths than those listed in Table 1 are specified, the tested average net area compressivestrength of three units shall equal or exceed the specified compressive
22、strength, and the following single unit strength requirementsshall apply.5.1.1.1 When the specified compressive strength is less than 5000 psi, no single unit net area compressive strength test resultshall be less than the specified compressive strength minus 500 psi.5.1.1.2 When the specified compr
23、essive strength is 5000 psi or greater, no single unit net area compressive strength test resultshall be less than 90 % of the specified compressive strength.5.2 Freeze-Thaw DurabilityIn areas where repeated freezing and thawing under saturated conditions occur, freeze-thawdurability shall be demons
24、trated by test or by proven field performance that the segmental retaining wall units have adequatedurability for the intended use. When testing is required by the specifier to demonstrate freeze-thaw durability, the units shall betested in accordance with 8.3.5.2.1 Specimens shall comply with eithe
25、r of the following: (1) the weight loss of each of five test specimens at the conclusionof 100 cycles shall not exceed 1 % of its initial weight; or (2) the weight loss of each of four of the five test specimens at theconclusion of 150 cycles shall not exceed 1.5 % of its initial weight.6. Permissib
26、le Variations in Dimensions6.1 Overall dimensions for width, height, and length shall differ by not more than 6 18 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standarddimensions.NOTE 2The term “width” refers to the horizontal dimension of the unit measured perpendicular to the face of the wall from the exposed
27、surface ofTABLE 1 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensity ClassificationOven-Dry Density of Concretelb/ft3 (kg/m3)Maximum Water Absorptionlb/ft3 (kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strengthlb/in.2 (MPa)Average of Three Units Average of Three Units Individual Units Averag
28、e of Three Units Individual UnitsLightweight Less than 105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125 15 (240) 17 (272) 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)(1680 to 2000)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)A Consult manufacturers for a
29、vailable densities.C1372 162the unit to the back of the unit. The term “height” refers to the vertical dimension of the unit as placed in the wall. The term “length” refers to thehorizontal dimension of the unit measured parallel to the running length of the wall.6.1.1 Dimensional tolerance requirem
30、ents for width shall be waived for architectural surfaces.NOTE 3Split-faced surfaces are the most common surfaces used to provide an architectural appearance to segmental retaining walls. However, othermeans could be used to obtain similar architectural effects like tumbling, grinding, and slumping.
31、7. Finish and Appearance7.1 No more than 5 % of the units in the shipment shall exhibit one or more of the characteristics described in 7.1.1 through7.1.4 and 7.2.7.1.1 Units with dimensions not meeting the requirements of 6.1.7.1.2 Units with finished face(s) containing chips larger than 1 in. (25.
32、4 mm) in any direction.7.1.3 Units with finished face(s) containing cracks wider than 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and longer than 25 % of the nominal heightof the unit.7.1.4 Units that are broken.NOTE 4Units specified to have particular features or finishes, such as split-face and tumbled units, should not be
33、 evaluated for conformance of suchfeatures to the requirements of 7.1.2.7.2 Where units are to be used in exposed wall construction, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, except as permitted in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3, or other imperfections when viewed from a distance of n
34、ot less than 20 ft (6.1 m)under diffused lighting.7.3 The color and texture of units shall be specified by the purchaser. The finished surface that will be exposed in place shallconform to an approved sample consisting of not less than four units, representing the range of texture and color permitte
35、d.NOTE 5Segmental retaining wall units are produced using a wide variety of natural aggregates and other materials.As such, slight variations inherentfrom natural materials should be expected. Since specifying units and approving samples can take place several months prior to production of actual un
36、itsfor a project, slight variations in appearance from the approved sample are to be expected.8. Sampling and Testing8.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample units at the place ofmanufacture from the lots ready for delivery.8.2 Compress
37、ive strength, absorption, density, and dimensional tolerances shall be based on tests of segmental retaining wallunits of any configuration or dimensions made with the same materials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process, and curingmethod, conducted in accordance with Test Methods C140 and wit
38、hin 12 months of production of the units.8.3 When required, freeze-thaw durability shall be based on tests of segmental retaining wall units of any configuration ordimension made with the same materials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process, and curing method, conducted inaccordance with Test
39、Method C1262 using potable tap water as the test solution and within 24 months of production of the units.9. Compliance9.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specified requirements, the manufacturer shall be permitted to remove units from theshipment. A new sample shall be selected by the purchaser
40、 from remaining units from the shipment with a similar configurationand dimension and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. If the second sample meets the specified requirements, the remainingportion of the shipment represented by the sample meets the specified requirements. If the second sampl
41、e fails to meet the specifiedrequirements, the remaining portion of the shipment represented by the sample fails to meet the specified requirements.NOTE 6Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: (1) if the results of the tests show that theun
42、its do not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller; (2) if the results of the tests show that the unitsconform to the specification requirements, the cost is typically borne by the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 absorption; aggregates; cementitious ma
43、terials; compressive strength; concrete masonry units; density classification;dimensions; durabilityC1372 163SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1372 14C1372 14a) that may impact the use of this standard. (December(Ju
44、ne 1, 2014.)2016)(1) Revised Section Modified 88.3 to add a 12-month frequency for C140 tests.clarify that water is to be used as the test solutionfor freeze-thaw testing.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C1372 11)that may impact the
45、 use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2014.)(1) Subsection 5.1 and Section 7 were revised related to finish and appearance of units.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this stand
46、ard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andi
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48、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,U
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