1、Designation: C1373/C1373M 11Standard Practice forDetermination of Thermal Resistance of Attic InsulationSystems Under Simulated Winter Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1373/C1373M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice presents a laboratory procedure to deter-mine the thermal resis
3、tance of attic insulation systems undersimulated steady-state winter conditions. The practice appliesonly to attic insulation systems that face an open attic air space.1.2 The thermal resistance of the insulation is inferred fromcalculations based on measurements on a ceiling systemconsisting of com
4、ponents consistent with the system beingstudied. For example, such a system might consist of a gypsumboard or plywood ceiling, wood ceiling joists, and atticinsulation with its top exposed to an open air space. Thetemperature applied to the gypsum board or plywood shall bein the range of 18 to 24C 6
5、4 to 75F. The air temperatureabove the insulation shall correspond to winter conditions andranges from 46C to 10C 51 to 50F. The gypsum boardor plywood ceiling shall be sealed to prevent direct airflowbetween the warm and cold sides of the system.1.3 This practice applies to a wide variety of loose-
6、fill orblanket thermal insulation products including fibrous glass,rock/slag wool, or cellulosic fiber materials; granular typesincluding vermiculite and perlite; pelletized products; and anyother insulation material that is installed pneumatically orpoured in place. The practice considers the effec
7、ts on heattransfer of structures, specifically the ceiling joists, substrate,for example, gypsum board, air films, and possible facings,films, or other materials that are used in conjunction with theinsulation.1.4 This practice measures the thermal resistance of theattic/ceiling system in which the
8、insulation material has beenpreconditioned according to the material Specifications C549,C665, C739, and C764.1.5 The specimen preparation techniques outlined in thisstandard do not cover the characterization of loose-fill materi-als intended for enclosed applications.1.6 This practice is be used to
9、 characterize material behav-ior under controlled steady-state laboratory conditions intendedto simulate actual temperature conditions of use. The practicedoes not simulate forced air flow conditions.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standar
10、d. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7.1 All values shall be reported in both SI and inch-poundunits unless specified othe
11、rwise by the client.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to
12、 use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket orBatt Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Pla
13、te ApparatusC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC520 Test Methods for Density of Granular Loose FillInsulationsC549 Specification for Perlite Loose Fill InsulationC665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal In-sulation fo
14、r Light Frame Construction and ManufacturedHousingC687 Practice for Determination of Thermal Resistance ofLoose-Fill Building InsulationC739 Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill ThermalInsulationC764 Specification for Mineral Fiber Loose-Fill ThermalInsulation1This practice is under the jur
15、isdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on ThermalMeasurement.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C137303. DOI:10.1520/C1373-11.2For
16、referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
17、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-erties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationC1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Trans
18、missionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of BuildingMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox Apparatus3. Terminology3.1 Definitions Unless otherwise stated, the definitionslisted in Terminology C168 are applicable herein.4. Signif
19、icance and Use4.1 The thermal resistance of a ceiling system is used tocharacterize its steady-state thermal performance.4.2 The thermal resistance of insulation is related to thedensity and thickness of the insulation. Test data on thermalresistance are obtained at a thickness and density represent
20、ativeof the end use applications. In addition, the thermal resistanceof the insulation system will be different from that of thethermal insulation alone because of the system constructionand materials.4.3 This practice is needed because the in-service thermalresistance of some permeable attic insula
21、tions under winterconditions is different, lower or higher R, than that measured ator close to simulated room temperature conditions utilizingsmall-scale tests in which the insulation is sandwiched betweentwo isothermal impermeable plates that have a temperaturedifference (DT) of 20 to 30C 36 to 54F
22、. When suchinsulation is installed in an attic, on top of a ceiling composedof normal building materials such as gypsum board or ply-wood, with an open top surface exposed to the attic air space,the thermal resistance under winter conditions with heat flowup and large temperature differences is sign
23、ificantly lessbecause of additional heat transfer by natural convection. Fig.1 illustrates the difference between results from small scaletests and tests under the conditions of this practice. See Ref(1-12) for discussions of this phenomenon.34.4 In normal use, the thickness of insulation productsra
24、nges from 75 mm 3 in. to 500 mm 20 in. Installeddensities will depend upon the product type, the installedthickness, the installation equipment used, the installationtechnique, and the geometry of the insulated space.4.5 The onset of natural convection under winter conditionsis a function of specime
25、n thickness for some materials. Forpurposes of this practice, the tests shall be carried out atthicknesses at which the product is used.4.6 Since this practice simulates winter conditions, the heatflow direction shall be vertically upwards.4.7 Specimens shall be prepared in a manner consistent witht
26、he intended installation procedure. Products for pneumaticinstallation shall be pneumatically-applied (blown), and prod-ucts for pour-in-place installation shall be poured into place.See 5.2.5. Equipment5.1 Thermal test apparatus used for this practice shall meetthe following requirements:5.1.1 Conf
27、ormance to StandardsThe apparatus shall con-form to all requirements of the ASTM thermal test methodused, except as required by 5.1.2-5.1.6.5.1.2 SizeThe apparatus shall be capable of testing speci-mens at the thickness intended for product use. Length andwidth of the metering area shall be at least
28、 twice the spacing ofthe wood joists or four times the specimen thickness, which-ever is greater (see Fig. 2).5.1.3 Temperature The apparatus shall be capable oftesting with the hot side surface maintained between 18 and24C 64 and 75F, and with the cold side air temperaturemaintained near the winter
29、 condition for the particular climatebeing simulated, which ranges from 46 to 10C 51 to 50F.In the absence of specified temperatures, the ambient tempera-tures listed in Table 2 of C1058 on Temperatures for ThermalTransmittance Evaluations is one source of test temperatures.NOTE 1Only those with a h
30、ot ambient of 24C 75F are applicable.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.NOTE 1A constant hot-side temperature (T, hot) is used for both testsand the temperature difference increases as the cold side temperature (T,cold) is decreased. See 5
31、.1.6 for requirements on size of air space.FIG. 1 Schematic of Thermal Resistance for a Permeable AtticInsulation Under Simulated Winter Conditions (Heat Flow Up)FIG. 2 Requirements on Dimensions of Test Specimen MeteringAreaC1373/C1373M 1125.1.4 HumidityThe absolute humidity on both sides of thetes
32、t apparatus shall be maintained low enough to preventcondensation within the specimen. See 6.9.6 of Test MethodC1363 for humidity requirements for the hot box methods, 6.6of Test Method C177 for the guarded hot plate method, and7.10 of Test Method C518 for the heat flow meter apparatus.5.1.5 Orienta
33、tion and Direction of Heat FlowThe thermaltest specimen shall be oriented horizontally with heat flow up.5.1.6 Thermal Test Specimen and HolderThe test assem-bly shall be sized to match the test apparatus and shall be madeof construction materials representative of the intended appli-cation. The sub
34、strate on which the insulation rests shall berepresentative of the intended application, typically gypsumboard. The substrate shall be sealed to prevent direct airflowbetween the warm and cold sides of the system. Wood joistsalso shall be included. The test assembly shall be constructedsuch that the
35、 top of the insulation is open to an air space havinga minimum thickness of 150 mm 6 in. Test Methods C1363is preferred because of its ability to accommodate a large airspace. Other apparatuses that simulate in-service conditionsmust meet the requirements of this practice, (for example,modifications
36、 of Test Methods C177, C518,orC1114 withPractice C1045). In all cases, the size requirements given in5.1.2 shall be met. Fig. 3 shows a schematic of an attic testmodule that has been used for these types of tests. Otherconfigurations without the roof structure are acceptable as longas the minimum 15
37、0 mm 6 in. air space is maintained.5.2 Specimen Preparation Equipment:5.2.1 Blowing ApparatusA blowing apparatus is requiredwhen pneumatically-applied specimens are to be tested.Choose the combination of hopper, blower, hose size andlength that is representative of common use for the applicationof t
38、he material to be tested. The following machine specifica-tions have been developed for use with mineral fiber andcellulosic materials.5.2.1.1 A commercial blowing machine with a design ca-pacity for delivering the subject material at a rate recom-mended by the insulation manufacturer shall be used.
39、 Themachine must utilize 46 m 150 ft of flexible, internallycorrugated blowing hose with an appropriate sized diameter asspecified by the machine manufacturer. At least 30 m 100 ftof the hose must be elevated between 3 and 6 m 10 and 20 ftabove the blowing machine to simulate typical installationcon
40、figuration. The hose must have no more than eight 90bends and no bends less than 1.2 m 4 ft radius. It is goodpractice to clean the hose periodically by mechanically agitat-ing it with the blower operating. This practice dislodges anypieces of old insulation that might be caught in the hose.FIG. 3 S
41、chematic of Attic Test Module and Large Scale Climate Simulator Used for Tests on Attic Insulation Under Simulated WinterConditionsC1373/C1373M 1136. Sampling6.1 A sample of material shall be selected from a lotaccording to sampling plans given in the material specifica-tions, regulations, or other
42、appropriate documents when appli-cable. In the absence of such directions, material from at leasttwo randomly chosen packages shall be combined in equalportions (mass) so as to combine materials as uniformly aspracticable.6.2 The insulation material is preconditioned to a moisturecontent in equilibr
43、ium with the laboratory conditions prior tothe specimen installation. Preconditioning of materials not onlyensures controlled installation conditions but reduces the timerequired to condition the prepared specimen prior to thermaltesting. For conditioning requirements, see the applicablematerials Sp
44、ecifications C520, C549, C665, C739, and C764.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 General Instructions:7.1.1 All specimens shall be prepared to a thickness and unitarea mass that are given for the label R-value specification ofinterest for the material under test.7.1.2 Specimens shall be prepared in a manner
45、 consistentwith the intended installation procedure. All materials shall beinstalled carefully using the manufacturers recommendedinstallation practice. Batts shall be cut, as required, to fit theavailable specimen holder. Products for pneumatic installationshall be pneumatically-applied (blown), an
46、d products forpour-in-place installation shall be poured into the specimenholder. See 7.2.2 for the density of pneumatically-installedinsulation. Other materials must be installed at the densitysuggested by the manufacturer.7.1.3 The specimen holder shall represent typical atticframe construction, w
47、herever possible. This requires, as aminimum, horizontal members representing the bottom chordof a truss system or rafter framing and an air-tight gypsumboard or plywood bottom. The specimen holder shall be cleanand free of insulation residue prior to installation of the sampleinsulation.NOTE 2For c
48、ommonly available loose-fill insulation, state and federalenergy codes, ASTM material specifications and the Federal TradeCommission have identified those materials that shall apply a correctionfor settling when determining thermal performance. It is beyond the scopeof this practice to outline the p
49、rocedures for this determination.NOTE 3Many factors can influence the characteristics of the loose-fillinsulation. These include blowing rate, machine adjustments, the size andlength of the hose, and the angle and dimensions of the hose outlet inrelation to the specimen holder. Trained operators are required to duplicatefield-installed conditioning.NOTE 4For these tests, the specimen shall be blown close to thelabeled density. Some operators may wish to establish a target mass ofinsulation required to fill the test frame
