1、Designation: C 14 07Standard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and CulvertPipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 14; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete
3、 pipeintended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrialwastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts.1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 14 hasbeen developedC 14M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is a m
4、anufacturing and purchase specifica-tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load conditions and the strength classification ofpipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance ofthis product depends upon the proper selecti
5、on of the class of pipe, typeof bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to theconstruction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlatethe field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for orrequire inspection at the construction site.2. Refer
6、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC 443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Man-holes, Using Rubber GasketsC 497 Test Methods for
7、Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or TileC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSl
8、ag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions For definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shallbe of three classes id
9、entified as “Class 1 NonreinforcedConcrete Pipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and“Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The correspondingstrength requirements are prescribed in Table 1.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by theresults of the test pr
10、escribed in this section, when required, andby inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to thisspecification as to design and freedom from defects.5.2 Acceptance as to Strength PropertiesPipe shall beacceptable under the strength tests when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.
11、3.5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption PropertiesPipe shall beacceptable under the absorption test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.4.5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability PropertiesPipe shallbe acceptable under the permeability test when they have metthe requirements as prescribed in 1
12、0.5.NOTE 2Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify thehydrostatic test prescribed in 10.6 instead of the permeability test.5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic PropertiesPipe shall beacceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.6.6. Materials
13、6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain
14、 and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1917. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 14 05a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
15、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specificati
16、on C 150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or slag modified portland cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C 595, except that the pozzolan constituent in theType IP portlandpozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to
17、the requirements ofSpecification C 618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C 989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the c
18、oncreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and groundg
19、ranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that
20、the requirement for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shallonly be used with the approval of the owner.6.5 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropy-lene fibers are permitted in concrete pipe as a nonstructuralmanufacturing material. Only Type III s
21、ynthetic fibers de-signed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete andconforming to the requirements of Specification C 1116 shallbe accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accor-dance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less thanthe value shown, except
22、 as affected by the tolerance hereinspecified and by the provision for modified design.7.2 Modified or Special DesignManufacturers shall sub-mit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wallthicknesses other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shallmeet all of the physical requirements li
23、sted in Section 10 thatare specified by the owner.8. Joints8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of theconcrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with thepermissible variations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 M
24、ixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, propor-tioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitiousmaterials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the testand design requirements of this specification.All concrete shallhave a wa
25、ter-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470lb/yd3unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materialcontent demonstrate that the quality and performance of thepipe m
26、eet the requirements of this specification.9.2 CuringPipe shall be subjected to any one of themethods of curing described in 9.2.19.2.29.2.39.2.4 or to anyother method or combination of methods approved by theowner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall beadequately cured to obtain the
27、strength properties as describedin 5.2.9.2.1 Steam CuringPipe shall be placed in a curingchamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moistatmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such timeand such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet thestrength requirements. The curing
28、chamber shall be so con-structed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entirepipe.9.2.2 Water CuringConcrete pipe shall be water-cured bycovering with water-saturated material or by a system ofperforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by anyTABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional
29、Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete PipeAClass 1 Class 2 Class 3Internal DesignatedDiameter, in.MinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBe
30、aring Strength,lbf/linear ft458 150034 200034 2400658 150034 200078 2400834 150078 2000 118 24001078 1600 1 2000 114 240012 1 1800 138 2250 134 260015 114 2000 158 2600 178 290018 112 2200 2 3000 214 330021 134 2400 214 3300 234 385024 218 2600 3 3600 338 440027 314 2800 334 3950 334 460030 312 3000
31、 414 4300 414 475033 334 3150 412 4400 412 487536 4 3300 434 4500 434 5000ASubject to tolerances in Section 11.C14072other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during thespecified curing period.9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combiningthe methods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 p
32、rovided the specifiedstrength is attained.9.2.4 Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conformingto the requirements of Specification C 309 is not prohibitedfrom being applied and left intact until the specified strengthrequirements are met. The concrete at the time of applicationshall be within 10F of t
33、he atmospheric temperature. Allsurfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of thecompounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied.9.3 Specials:9.3.1 General RequirementsSpecial shapes or fittingssuch as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concretepipe conforming to this sp
34、ecification shall conform to theapplicable requirements for concrete pipe of correspondingclass and internal diameter. Joints shall be compatible withthose used in adjoining concrete pipes.9.3.2 Fabricated BranchesFabricated branches for wyesand tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pip
35、e insuch a manner as not to restrict or otherwise interfere with theflow characteristics of the pipe.10. Requirements10.1 Test SpecimenThe specified number of pipe requiredfor the tests shall be furnished by the manufacturer and shall beselected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that wouldno
36、t otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selectionshall be made at the point or points designated by the ownerwhen placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed fromall visible moisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured andinspected. The results of these observations shall
37、be recorded.10.2 Number and Type of Test Specimens RequiredThemanufacturer shall furnish pipe for crushing and absorptiontests, up to 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size includedin the order, except that in no case shall less than two pipe befurnished. For the permeability test, 2 % of the numb
38、er of pipeof each size included in the order, but in no case less than twopipe shall be furnished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 % of thenumber of pipe of each size included in the order, but in nocase less than two pipe shall be furnished.10.3 External Load Crushing RequirementThe crushingstrength
39、of nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1. The individual results ofthe various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipmentand plant shall be tabulated separately. The crushing strengthshall ordinarily be applied to not less than 75 % of the piperece
40、ived for purpose of test. All tests shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods C 497. Pipe shall be acceptablewhen all test pipe conform to the specified requirement. Shouldany of the test pipe provided in 10.2 fail to meet the strengthrequirement, the manufacturer will be allowed to test two pipe
41、for each pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable onlywhen all of these additional test pipe meet the strengthrequirement.10.4 Absorption RequirementWhen required by theowner, an absorption test shall be performed by either TestMethod A or Test Method B in accordance with Test MethodsC 497
42、 for the boiling absorption test. Absorption shall notexceed 9 % for Test MethodAor 8.5 % for Test Method B. Theindividual results of the various tests for each size of pipe foreach shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately. All testsshall be made in accordance with Test Methods C 497. Thenum
43、ber of absorption test specimens shall be equal to thenumber of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. Thesespecimens shall be obtained from pipe that are acceptable as tostrength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making thestrength test after the test is made. These specimens shall bemark
44、ed with the number or identification mark of the pipe fromwhich they were taken. Each Test Method A specimen shallhave an area of 12 to 20 in.2, as measured on one surface of thepipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, and shall be freeof visible cracks. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test p
45、ipeconform to the specified absorption requirement.10.5 Permeability RequirementWhen subjected to thepermeability test, as specified in Test Methods C 497, the outerpipe surface of not less than 80 % of the pipe tested shall showno moist or damp spots at the end of the test period due towater passin
46、g through the walls of the pipe.10.6 Hydrostatic RequirementWhen subjected to the hy-drostatic test, as described in Test Methods C 497, the pipeshall show no leakage during 10 min at 10 psi. Moistureappearing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches orbeads adhering to the surface shall no
47、t be considered leakage.The test pipe shall be filled with water and held under 10 psipressure for 24 h prior to the test, except that the manufactureris not prohibited from reducing this presoak time or pressure,or both. The manufacturer is not prohibited from continuingthis test up to 24 h, and th
48、e pipe will be considered to havepassed when, during any 10-min period, no leakage is ob-served. When the hydrostatic requirement is used for accep-tance of the pipe joint as specified in Section 10 of Specifica-tion C 443, it is not prohibited to use the same joint test runs asthe basis of acceptan
49、ce for pipe hydrostatic requirements inaccordance with 5.5 and 10.6 of this specification.10.7 RetestShould more than 20 % of the samples fail tomeet the specified requirements for the permeability or notmore than 20 % of the samples fail to meet the specifiedrequirement for absorption or hydrostatic requirements of thissection, it is not prohibited for the manufacturer to cull hisstock and eliminate any quantity of pipe and must so markthose pipe that will not be shipped. The required tests shall bemade on the balanc
