1、Designation: C14 11Standard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and CulvertPipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to
3、 beused for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, stormwater, and for the construction of culverts.1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C14 hasbeen developedC14M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and pu
4、rchase specifica-tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load conditions and the strength classification ofpipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance ofthis product depends upon the proper selection of the class of
5、pipe, typeof bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to theconstruction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlatethe field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for orrequire inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1
6、ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Man-holes, Using Rubber GasketsC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole
7、Sections, orTileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1116 Specificatio
8、n for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions For definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shallbe of three classes identified as “Class 1 NonreinforcedConcrete Pipe,” “Cla
9、ss 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and“Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The correspondingstrength requirements are prescribed in Table 1.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by theresults of the test prescribed in this section, when required, andby inspect
10、ion to determine whether the pipe conforms to thisspecification as to design and freedom from defects.5.2 Acceptance as to Strength PropertiesPipe shall beacceptable under the strength tests when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.3.5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption PropertiesPipe shall
11、 beacceptable under the absorption test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.4.5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability PropertiesPipe shallbe acceptable under the permeability test when they have metthe requirements as prescribed in 10.5.NOTE 2Prior to purchase, the owner has the option
12、to specify thehydrostatic test prescribed in 10.6 instead of the permeability test.5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic PropertiesPipe shall beacceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.6.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitious
13、materials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Sept. 1,
14、 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C14 07. DOI:10.1520/C0014-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
15、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandbl
16、ast-furnace slag cement or slag modified portland cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595, except that the pozzolan constituent in theType IP portlandpozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification
17、 C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the followi
18、ng:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.
19、2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that the requirement for gradation shal
20、l not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsOwner is not prohibited fromobtaining the record of mix design used.6.5 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypro-pylene fibers are permitted in concrete pipe as a nonstructuralmanufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers de-signed and manufac
21、tured specifically for use in concrete andconforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall beaccepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accor-dance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less thanthe value shown, except as affected by the tolerance hereinsp
22、ecified and by the provision for modified design.7.2 Modified or Special DesignManufacturers shall sub-mit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wallthicknesses other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shallmeet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 thatare specified b
23、y the owner.8. Joints8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of theconcrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with thepermissible variations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, g
24、raded, propor-tioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitiousmaterials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the testand design requirements of this specification.All concrete shallhave a water-cementitious materials ratio not e
25、xceeding 0.53by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470lb/yd3unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materialcontent demonstrate that the quality and performance of thepipe meet the requirements of this specifica
26、tion.9.2 CuringPipe shall be subjected to any one of themethods of curing described in 9.2.1, 9.2.2, 9.2.3, 9.2.4,ortoany other method or combination of methods approved by theowner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall beadequately cured to obtain the strength properties as describedi
27、n 5.2.9.2.1 Steam CuringPipe shall be placed in a curingchamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moistatmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such timeand such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet thestrength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so con-structed
28、as to allow full circulation of steam around the entirepipe.9.2.2 Water CuringConcrete pipe shall be water-cured bycovering with water-saturated material or by a system ofperforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by anyTABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Co
29、ncrete PipeAClass 1 Class 2 Class 3Internal DesignatedDiameter, in.MinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ft458 1
30、50034 200034 2400658 150034 200078 2400834 150078 2000 118 24001078 1600 1 2000 114 240012 1 1800 138 2250 134 260015 114 2000 158 2600 178 290018 112 2200 2 3000 214 330021 134 2400 214 3300 234 385024 218 2600 3 3600 338 440027 314 2800 334 3950 334 460030 312 3000 414 4300 414 475033 334 3150 412
31、 4400 412 487536 4 3300 434 4500 434 5000ASubject to tolerances in Section 11.C14112other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during thespecified curing period.9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combiningthe methods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specifiedstrength is
32、attained.9.2.4 Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conformingto the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibitedfrom being applied and left intact until the specified strengthrequirements are met. The concrete at the time of applicationshall be within 10F of the atmospheric temperature. Allsur
33、faces shall be kept moist prior to the application of thecompounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied.9.3 Specials:9.3.1 General RequirementsSpecial shapes or fittingssuch as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concretepipe conforming to this specification shall conform to theap
34、plicable requirements for concrete pipe of correspondingclass and internal diameter. Joints shall be compatible withthose used in adjoining concrete pipes.9.3.2 Fabricated BranchesFabricated branches for wyesand tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe insuch a manner as not to restri
35、ct or otherwise interfere with theflow characteristics of the pipe.10. Requirements10.1 Test SpecimenThe specified number of pipe requiredfor the tests shall be furnished by the manufacturer and shall beselected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that wouldnot otherwise be rejected under this
36、 specification. The selectionshall be made at the point or points designated by the ownerwhen placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed fromall visible moisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured andinspected. The results of these observations shall be recorded.10.2 Number and Type o
37、f Test Specimens RequiredThemanufacturer shall furnish pipe for crushing and absorptiontests, up to 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size includedin the order, except that in no case shall less than two pipe befurnished. For the permeability test, 2 % of the number of pipeof each size included in
38、 the order, but in no case less than twopipe shall be furnished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 % of thenumber of pipe of each size included in the order, but in nocase less than two pipe shall be furnished.10.3 External Load Crushing RequirementThe crushingstrength of nonreinforced concrete pipe sha
39、ll conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1. The individual results ofthe various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipmentand plant shall be tabulated separately. The crushing strengthshall ordinarily be applied to not less than 75 % of the pipereceived for purpose of test. All test
40、s shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods C497. Pipe shall be acceptablewhen all test pipe conform to the specified requirement. Shouldany of the test pipe provided in 10.2 fail to meet the strengthrequirement, the manufacturer will be allowed to test two pipefor each pipe that failed, and the
41、pipe shall be acceptable onlywhen all of these additional test pipe meet the strengthrequirement.10.4 Absorption RequirementWhen required by theowner, an absorption test shall be performed by either TestMethod A or Test Method B in accordance with Test MethodsC497 for the boiling absorption test. Ab
42、sorption shall notexceed 9 % for Test MethodAor 8.5 % for Test Method B. Theindividual results of the various tests for each size of pipe foreach shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately. All testsshall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497. Thenumber of absorption test specimens shal
43、l be equal to thenumber of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. Thesespecimens shall be obtained from pipe that are acceptable as tostrength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making thestrength test after the test is made. These specimens shall bemarked with the number or identification
44、mark of the pipe fromwhich they were taken. Each Test Method A specimen shallhave an area of 12 to 20 in.2, as measured on one surface of thepipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, and shall be freeof visible cracks. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipeconform to the specified absorptio
45、n requirement.10.5 Permeability RequirementWhen subjected to thepermeability test, as specified in Test Methods C497, the outerpipe surface of not less than 80 % of the pipe tested shall showno moist or damp spots at the end of the test period due towater passing through the walls of the pipe.10.6 H
46、ydrostatic RequirementWhen subjected to the hy-drostatic test, as described in Test Methods C497, the pipe shallshow no leakage during 10 min at 10 psi. Moisture appearingon the surface of the pipe in the form of patches or beadsadhering to the surface shall not be considered leakage. Thetest pipe s
47、hall be filled with water and held under 10 psipressure for 24 h prior to the test, except that the manufactureris not prohibited from reducing this presoak time or pressure,or both. The manufacturer is not prohibited from continuingthis test up to 24 h, and the pipe will be considered to havepassed
48、 when, during any 10-min period, no leakage is ob-served. When the hydrostatic requirement is used for accep-tance of the pipe joint as specified in Section 10 of Specifica-tion C443, it is not prohibited to use the same joint test runs asthe basis of acceptance for pipe hydrostatic requirements ina
49、ccordance with 5.5 and 10.6 of this specification.10.7 RetestShould more than 20 % of the samples fail tomeet the specified requirements for the permeability or notmore than 20 % of the samples fail to meet the specifiedrequirement for absorption or hydrostatic requirements of thissection, it is not prohibited for the manufacturer to cull hisstock and eliminate any quantity of pipe and must so markthose pipe that will not be shipped. The required tests shall bemade on the balance of the order and they are acceptable
