1、Designation: C14 11C14 14Standard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and CulvertPipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This covers nonreinforced concrete pipe
3、intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water,and for the construction of culverts.1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C14 has been developedC14M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is a manufac
4、turing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load conditions and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of thisproduct depends upon the proper selection of
5、the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the constructionspecifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspectionat the construction site.2. Reference
6、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber GasketsC494 Specification for Chemical
7、Admixtures for ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specifi
8、cation for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be o
9、f three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced ConcretePipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and “Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding strengthrequirements are prescribed in Table 1.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the re
10、sults of the test prescribed in this section, when required, and byinspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of S
11、ubcommittee C13.01 on Non-ReinforcedConcrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011Feb. 1, 2014. Published October 2011February 2014. Originally approved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 20072011 asC14 07.C14 11. DOI: 10.1520/C0014-11.10.1520/C0014-14.2 For
12、 referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to prov
13、ide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the
14、standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Acceptance as to Strength PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the r
15、equirementsas prescribed in 10.3.5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the absorption test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.4.5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the permeability test when they have met t
16、herequirements as prescribed in 10.5.NOTE 2Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.610.6 instead of the permeability test.5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met therequirem
17、ents as prescribed in 10.6.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag ceme
18、nt or slag modified portland cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portlandpozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or
19、Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portlan
20、d cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete PipeAClass 1 Class 2 Class 3Internal DesignatedDiameter, in.MinimumThickness of Wall
21、,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ft4 58 1500 34 2000 34 24006 58 1500 34 2000 78 24008 34 1500 78 2000 118 240010 78 1600 1 2000 11
22、4 240012 1 1800 138 2250 134 260015 114 2000 158 2600 178 290018 112 2200 2 3000 214 330021 134 2400 214 3300 234 385024 218 2600 3 3600 338 440027 314 2800 334 3950 334 460030 312 3000 414 4300 414 475033 334 3150 412 4400 412 487536 4 3300 434 4500 434 5000TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirem
23、ents for Nonreinforced Concrete PipeAClass 1 Class 2 Class 3Internal DesignatedDiameter, in.MinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing St
24、rength,lbf/linear ft4 58 1500 34 2000 34 24006 58 1500 34 2000 78 24008 34 1500 78 2000 118 240010 78 1600 1 2000 114 240012 1 1800 138 2250 134 260015 114 2000 158 2600 178 290018 112 2200 2 3000 214 330021 134 2400 214 3300 234 385024 218 2600 3 3600 338 440027 314 2800 334 3950 334 460030 312 300
25、0 414 4300 414 475033 334 3150 412 4400 412 487536 4 3300 434 4500 434 5000A Subject to tolerances in Section 11.C14 1426.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement,
26、fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and ground granulatedblast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33, except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and Blends
27、Owner is not prohibited from obtaining theAdmixtures and blends shall conform to SpecificationC494record of mix design used6.5 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers are permitted Synthetic fibers and Non-Synthetic fibersshall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers opt
28、ion, in concrete pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only TypeIII synthetic fibers Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Type I) designed and manufactured specificallyfor use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepte
29、d.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1.Wall thickness used shall be not less than the valueshown, except as affected by the tolerance herein specified and by the provision for modified design.7.2 Modified or Special DesignManufacturers shall submit to the
30、 owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that are specified bythe owner.8. Joints8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed
31、, that the pipe can be laid togetherto make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materialsand water as will produce a homo
32、geneous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and designrequirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in
33、 a proportion not less than 470 lb/yd3 unlessmix designs with a lower cementitious material content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet therequirements of this specification.9.2 CuringPipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in 9.2.1, 9.2.2, 9.2
34、.3, 9.2.4, or to any othermethod or combination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be adequately curedto obtain the strength properties as described in 5.2.9.2.1 Steam CuringPipe shall be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cure
35、d in a moist atmospheremaintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the strengthrequirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe.9.2.2 Water CuringConcrete pipe shall
36、be water-cured by covering with water-saturated material or by a system of perforatedpipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specifiedcuring period.9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining the methods describe
37、d in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specifiedstrength is attained.9.2.4 Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibited frombeing applied and left intact until the specified strength requirements are met. The concrete at the time of application
38、shall be within10F of the atmospheric temperature.All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be dampwhen the compound is applied.9.3 Specials:9.3.1 General RequirementsSpecial shapes or fittings such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete p
39、ipeconforming to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding class and internaldiameter. Joints shall be compatible with those used in adjoining concrete pipes.9.3.2 Fabricated BranchesFabricated branches for wyes and tees shall be securely atta
40、ched to the wall of the pipe in such amanner as not to restrict or otherwise interfere with the flow characteristics of the pipe.10. Requirements10.1 Test SpecimenThe specified number of pipe required for the tests shall be furnished by the manufacturer and shall beselected at random by the owner, a
41、nd shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selection shallbe made at the point or points designated by the owner when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from all visiblemoisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured and inspected. The resu
42、lts of these observations shall be recorded.C14 14310.2 Number and Type of Test Specimens RequiredThe manufacturer shall furnish pipe for crushing and absorption tests, upto 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, except that in no case shall less than two pipe be furnished.
43、Forthe permeability test, 2 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less than two pipe shall befurnished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less than two pipeshall be furnished.10.3 External Loa
44、d Crushing RequirementThe crushing strength of nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipment and plantshall be tabulated separately.The crushing strength shall ordinarily be
45、applied to not less than 75 % of the pipe received for purposeof test. All tests shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipe conform to thespecified requirement. Should any of the test pipe provided in 10.2 fail to meet the strength requirement, th
46、e manufacturer will beallowed to test two pipe for each pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only when all of these additional test pipe meetthe strength requirement.10.4 Absorption RequirementWhen required by the owner, an absorption test shall be performed by either Test Method A orT
47、est Method B in accordance with Test Methods C497 for the boiling absorption test. Absorption shall not exceed 9 % for TestMethod A or 8.5 % for Test Method B. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe for each shipment and plantshall be tabulated separately. All tests shall
48、be made in accordance with Test Methods C497. The number of absorption testspecimens shall be equal to the number of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. These specimens shall be obtained from pipethat are acceptable as to strength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making the strength te
49、st after the test is made. Thesespecimens shall be marked with the number or identification mark of the pipe from which they were taken. Each Test Method Aspecimen shall have an area of 12 to 20 in.2, as measured on one surface of the pipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, andshall be free of visible cracks. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipe conform to the specified absorption requirement.10.5 Permeability RequirementWhen subjected to the permeability test, as
