1、Designation: C 1417M 08METRICStandard Specification forManufacture of Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain,and Culvert Pipe for Direct Design Metric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1417M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the manufacture and accep-tance of precast concret
3、e pipe designed to conform to theowners design requirements and to the ASCE 15 or anequivalent design specification.NOTE 1The section on evaluation of core test results (14.3.3) and theAppendix are currently being reballoted.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to SpecificationC 1417.2. Refere
4、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 82/A 82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Con-crete ReinforcementA 185/A 185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Plain, for ConcreteA 496/A 496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, forConcrete ReinforcementA 497/A 497M Specification fo
5、r Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 706/A 706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel De-formed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC76 Specif
6、ication for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer PipeC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or TileC 595 S
7、pecification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Cul-vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 989 Specifica
8、tion for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1017/C 1017M Specification for Chemical Admixturesfor Use in Producing Flowing Concrete2.2 Other Standards:ASCE 15 Standard Practice for the Direct Design of BuriedPrecast Reinforced Concrete Pipe Using Standard Instal-lat
9、ions (SIDD)3ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-crete43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, seeTerminology C 822.3.1.2 group of pipe sectionseach days production run ofpipe sections of a single concrete strength for a specific proje
10、ct.3.1.3 lot of pipe sectionstotal of the number of groups ofpipe sections of a single concrete strength produced for aspecific project.3.1.4 running averageaverage concrete compressivestrength of all groups of pipe sections of a single concretestrength produced for a specific project, generally det
11、erminedas each group is tested.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.05 on SpecialProjects.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous editi
12、on approved in 2004 as C 1417M 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American So
13、ciety of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
14、PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Mar 13 21:34:36 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.4. Basis of Acceptance of Design4.1 Manufacturing Design DataThe manufacturer shallsubmit th
15、e following manufacturing design data for the con-crete pipe to the owner for approval.4.1.1 Pipe wall thickness.4.1.2 Concrete strength.4.1.3 Reinforcement:4.1.3.1 Specification,4.1.3.2 Reinforcement Type 1, 2, or 3, where:Type 1: Smooth wire or plain barsType 2: Welded smooth wire reinforcement, 2
16、00 mm maximumspacing of longitudinalsType 3: Welded deformed wire reinforcement, deformed wire, de-formed bars, or any reinforcement with stirrups, anchoredthereto4.1.3.3 Design yield strength,4.1.3.4 Placement and design concrete cover,4.1.3.5 Cross-sectional diameters,4.1.3.6 Spacing,4.1.3.7 Cross
17、-sectional area,4.1.3.8 Description of longitudinal members, and4.1.3.9 If stirrups are used, developable stirrup designstress, stirrup shape, placement, and anchorage details.4.1.4 Design factors and the assumed orientation angle.4.1.5 Pipe laying length and joint information.4.2 Approval of the ma
18、nufacturing design data shall bebased on its conformance to the owners design requirementsand to ASCE 15 or to an equivalent design specification.5. Basis of Acceptance of Concrete Pipe5.1 Acceptance of pipe shall be on the basis of concretecompression tests, materials tests, conformance to the manu
19、-facturing design data, conformance to this specification, andinspection of manufactured pipe for defects.5.2 When mutually agreed in writing by the owner and themanufacturer, a certification may be made the basis of accep-tance of the concrete pipe. This certification shall consist of astatement by
20、 the manufacturer that the concrete pipe conformsto the manufacturing design data and to this specification, andthat the concrete and materials have been sampled and testedand conform to this specification.5.3 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready foracceptance when they conform to the re
21、quirements of thisspecification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shallconsist of cementitious materials; mineral aggregates; admix-tures, if used; and water in which steel has been embedded insuch a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Material:6.
22、2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C 150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or slag modified portland cement orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C 595, except that the pozzolan constituent in theType
23、 IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Ground Graduated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C 989.6.2.3 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C 618, Class F or Class C.6.2.4 Allowable Combinatio
24、ns of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only.6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only.6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only.6.2.4.4 Portland-pozzolan cement only.6.2.4.5 A combination
25、of portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag.6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and fly ash, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, ground granu-lated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of thetotal cementi
26、tious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the require-ments of Specification C33, except that the requirement forgradation shall not apply.6.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends areallowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to SpecificationC 260;6.4.2 Chemical admix
27、ture conforming to SpecificationC 494/C 494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowingconcrete conforming to Specification C 1017/C 1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist ofwire conforming to Specifications A 8
28、2/A 82M or A 496/A 496M; or of wire reinforcement conforming to Specifica-tions A 185/A 185M or A 497/A 497M; or of bars conformingto Specifications A 615/A 615M, Grade 40 or 60, or A 706/A 706M, Grade 60.7. Joints7.1 The joints shall be designed and the ends of the concretepipe sections shall be fo
29、rmed so that the sections can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of pipe, compatible with thepermissible variations given in Section 15.8. Manufacture8.1 ConcreteThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, pro-portioned, and mixed with cementitious material and water andadmixtures, if any, to prod
30、uce a homogeneous concrete mixtureof such quality that the pipe will conform to the designrequirements of this specification. The water-cementitiousmaterial ratio of all concrete shall be 0.53, or less, by weight.Minimum concrete strength shall be 27.6 MPa.8.2 FinishPipe shall be substantially free
31、of fractures,large or deep cracks, and surface roughness. The ends of thepipe shall be normal to walls and center line of the pipe, withinthe limits of variations given in Section 15.C 1417M 082Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Mar 13 21:34:36 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (
32、CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.9. Circumferential Reinforcement9.1 A line of circumferential reinforcement for any giventotal area may be composed of up to two layers for pipe withwall thicknesses of less than 180 mm or three layers for pipewith wall thickne
33、ss of 180 mm or greater. The layers shall notbe separated by more than the thickness of one longitudinalplus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall be fastened together toform a single cage. If the multiple layers of a cage containcircumferential splices, the individual layers shall be rotated sothat the s
34、plices are staggered. All other specification require-ments, such as laps, welds, tolerances of placement in the wallof the pipe, and so forth, shall apply to this method offabricating a line of reinforcement. The design shall be basedon the centroid of the layers.9.2 Reinforcement placement and con
35、crete cover shall con-form to the approved manufacturing data. The nominal con-crete cover over the circumferential reinforcement shall not beless than be 25 mm in pipe having a wall thickness of 63 mmor greater, and shall not be less than 19 mm in pipe having awall thickness of less than 63 mm. The
36、 location of thereinforcement shall be subject to the permissible variations indimensions given in Section 15. Requirements for placementand protective covering of the concrete from the inner or outersurface of the pipe do not apply to that portion of a cage thatis flared so as to extend into the be
37、ll or reduced in diameter soas to extend into the spigot.9.3 Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into thejoint area, the maximum longitudinal distance to the lastcircumferential from the inside shoulder of the bell or theshoulder of the spigot shall be 75 mm, except that if thisdistance exc
38、eeds one half of the wall thickness, the pipe wallshall contain at least a total reinforcement area of the minimumspecified area per linear metre times the laying length of thepipe section. The minimum cover on the last circumferentialnear the spigot shoulder shall be 13 mm.9.4 Where reinforcement i
39、s in the bell or spigot, theminimum end-cover on the last circumferential shall be 13 mmin the bell or 6 mm in the spigot.9.5 The continuity of the circumferential reinforcing steelshall be maintained during the manufacture of the pipe, exceptwhen, as agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes are
40、provided in each pipe or the pipe is converted into a manholetee.10. Welds, Splices, and Development of CircumferentialReinforcement10.1 General:10.1.1 When pipe are not marked to show a specificorientation in the ground, any weld to, or splice of, a circum-ferential shall be considered to be at the
41、 point of the maximumflexural stress.10.1.2 When pipe are marked to show a specific orientationin the ground, any weld to, or splice of, a circumferential shallbe considered to be at a distance determined by the orientationangle closer to the point of maximum flexural stress than themarking indicate
42、s.10.1.3 Splices of smooth and deformed wire shall be weldedand shall meet the requirements of 10.3 and 10.4.10.2 Notation:Awa= actual steel area of the individual circumferentialwire, mm2.Awr= steel area required for the individual circumferentialwire for flexure, mm2, either at the splice, forspli
43、ces, or at the point of maximum moment, forquadrant mat reinforcement.db= diameter of reinforcing wire or bar, mm.flc= design compressive strength of concrete, MPa.fy= design yield strength of reinforcement, MPa.Fw= embedded weld factor (see 10.4.3).Ld= development length of reinforcing wire or bar,
44、 mm.Pt= pull test strength of wire or bar at break, N.s = spacing of wire to be developed or spliced, mm.10.3 Welds:10.3.1 For butt splices of circumferentials or where weldsare made to circumferentials, pull tests of representativespecimens of the circumferential across the finished weld shalldemon
45、strate a strength of no less than 1.1 times the designyield strength of the circumferential except as provided in 10.4.10.3.2 At the option of the manufacturer, a more detailedanalysis may be made and the requirements of this section usedinstead of 10.3.1. For butt splices of circumferentials or whe
46、rewelds are made to circumferentials, pull tests, Pt, of represen-tative specimens of the circumferential across the finished weldshall demonstrate a strength of no less than:Pt5 1.1 Awrfy(1)or no less than:Pt5 0.5 Awafy(2)whichever is greater.10.4 Lapped Splices of Circumferential Reinforcement:10.
47、4.1 Where lapped circumferentials are spliced by weld-ing, they shall be lapped no less than 50 mm. Pull tests ofrepresentative specimens shall develop no less than 0.9 timesdesign yield strength of the circumferential.10.4.2 At the option of the manufacturer, a more detailedanalysis may be made and
48、 the requirements of 10.4.2 and10.4.3 used instead of 10.4.1. Where lapped circumferentialsare spliced by welding, they shall be lapped no less than 50mm. Pull tests, Pt, of representative specimens shall develop noless than:Pt5 FwAwrfy(3)or not less than the strength required by Eq 2, whichever ist
49、he greater.10.4.3 The embedded weld factor, Fw, relates the pull teststrength of the non-embedded splice specimens to the strengthof the splice embedded in the concrete of the pipe wall.10.4.3.1 If the pull test break is in the wire, Fwshall be takenas 0.90.10.4.3.2 If the pull test break is in the weld, Fwshall betaken as 0.70.10.4.4 If lapped splices of circumferentials consisting ofdeformed bars #19 or less are not welded, they shall be lappednot less than Ld, where:C 1417M 083Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Mar 13 21:34:36 EST 2008Dow
