1、Designation: C1417M 13aC1417M 14Standard Specification forManufacture of Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain,and Culvert Pipe for Direct Design (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1417M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the manufacture and acceptance of precast concr
3、ete pipe designed to conform to the ownersdesign requirements and to the ASCE 15 or an equivalent design specification.NOTE 1The section on evaluation of core test results (14.3.3) and the Appendix are currently being reballoted.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C1417.2. Re
4、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcem
5、ent, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC150 Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical A
6、dmixtures for ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and
7、Sewer PipeC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hyd
8、raulic Cement Concrete2.2 Other Standards:ASCE 15 Standard Practice for the Direct Design of Buried Precast Reinforced Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations(SIDD)3ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to
9、concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.3.1.2 group of pipe sectionseach days production run of pipe sections of a single concrete strength for a specific project.3.1.3 lot of pipe sectionstotal of the number of groups of pipe sections of a single concrete strength produced for a specificproject.1 This
10、specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.05 on Special Projects.Current edition approved July 1, 2013Feb. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 a
11、sC1417M 13.C1417M 13a. DOI: 10.1520/C1417M-13A.10.1520/C1417M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM webs
12、ite.3 Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intend
13、ed only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current
14、 versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.4 running averageaverage concrete compressive strength of all groups of pipe sections of a sing
15、le concrete strengthproduced for a specific project, generally determined as each group is tested.4. Basis of Acceptance of Design4.1 Manufacturing Design DataThe manufacturer shall submit the following manufacturing design data for the concrete pipeto the owner for approval.4.1.1 Pipe wall thicknes
16、s.4.1.2 Concrete strength.4.1.3 Reinforcement:4.1.3.1 Specification,4.1.3.2 Reinforcement Type 1, 2, or 3, where:Type 1: Smooth wire or plain barsType 2: Welded smooth wire reinforcement, 200 mm maximumspacing of longitudinalsType 3: Welded deformed wire reinforcement, deformed wire,deformed bars, o
17、r any reinforcement with stirrups,anchored thereto4.1.3.3 Design yield strength,4.1.3.4 Placement and design concrete cover,4.1.3.5 Cross-sectional diameters,4.1.3.6 Spacing,4.1.3.7 Cross-sectional area,4.1.3.8 Description of longitudinal members, and4.1.3.9 If stirrups are used, developable stirrup
18、 design stress, stirrup shape, placement, and anchorage details.4.1.4 Design factors and the assumed orientation angle.4.1.5 Pipe laying length and joint information.4.2 Approval of the manufacturing design data shall be based on its conformance to the owners design requirements and toASCE 15 or to
19、an equivalent design specification.5. Basis of Acceptance of Concrete Pipe5.1 Acceptance of pipe shall be on the basis of concrete compression tests, materials tests, conformance to the manufacturingdesign data, conformance to this specification, and inspection of manufactured pipe for defects.5.2 W
20、hen mutually agreed in writing by the owner and the manufacturer, a certification may be made the basis of acceptanceof the concrete pipe. This certification shall consist of a statement by the manufacturer that the concrete pipe conforms to themanufacturing design data and to this specification, an
21、d that the concrete and materials have been sampled and tested and conformto this specification.5.3 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of thisspecification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of ce
22、mentitious materials; mineral aggregates; admixtures, ifused; and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Material:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be port
23、landblast-furnace slag cement cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the requiremen
24、ts of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989.6.2.3 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.1 Port
25、land cement only.6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only.6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only.6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only.6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement.6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement an
26、d fly ash, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, slag cement (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight), and fly ash (notto exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash.C1417M 1426.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to
27、 the requirements of Specification C33, except that the requirement for gradationshall not apply.6.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3
28、 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of wire and welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M;or of bars conforming to
29、Specifications A615/A615M, Grade 280 MPa or 420 MPa, 420, or A706/A706M, Grade 420 MPa.420.6.6 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Joints7.1 The joints shall be designed and the ends of the co
30、ncrete pipe sections shall be formed so that the sections can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of pipe, compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 15.8. Manufacture8.1 ConcreteMixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with cementitious material a
31、nd waterand such proportions of cementitious material, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of suchquality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. The water-cementitious material ratioof all concrete shall be 0.53, or les
32、s, All concrete shall have a watercementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.Minimum concrete strength shall be 27.6 MPa.8.2 FinishPipe shall be substantially free of fractures, large or deep cracks, and surface roughness. The ends of the pipe shallbe normal to walls and center line o
33、f the pipe, within the limits of variations given in Section 15.9. Circumferential Reinforcement9.1 A line of circumferential reinforcement for any given total area may be composed of up to two layers for pipe with wallthicknesses of less than 180 mm or three layers for pipe with wall thickness of 1
34、80 mm or greater. The layers shall not be separatedby more than the thickness of one longitudinal plus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage.If the multiple layers of a cage contain circumferential splices, the individual layers shall be rotated so that the splic
35、es arestaggered. All other specification requirements, such as laps, welds, tolerances of placement in the wall of the pipe, and so forth,shall apply to this method of fabricating a line of reinforcement. The design shall be based on the centroid of the layers.9.2 Reinforcement placement and concret
36、e cover shall conform to the approved manufacturing data. The nominal concretecover over the circumferential reinforcement shall not be less than be 25 mm in pipe having a wall thickness of 63 mm or greater,and shall not be less than 19 mm in pipe having a wall thickness of less than 63 mm. The loca
37、tion of the reinforcement shall besubject to the permissible variations in dimensions given in Section 15. Requirements for placement and protective covering ofthe concrete from the inner or outer surface of the pipe do not apply to that portion of a cage that is flared so as to extend intothe bell
38、or reduced in diameter so as to extend into the spigot.9.3 Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into the joint area, the maximum longitudinal distance to the lastcircumferential from the inside shoulder of the bell or the shoulder of the spigot shall be 75 mm, except that if this distance ex
39、ceedsone half of the wall thickness, the pipe wall shall contain at least a total reinforcement area of the minimum specified area per linearmetre times the laying length of the pipe section. The minimum cover on the last circumferential near the spigot shoulder shallbe 13 mm.9.4 Where reinforcement
40、 is in the bell or spigot, the minimum end-cover on the last circumferential shall be 13 mm in the bellor 6 mm in the spigot.9.5 The continuity of the circumferential reinforcing steel shall be maintained during the manufacture of the pipe, except when,as agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes
41、 are provided in each pipe or the pipe is converted into a manhole tee.10. Welds, Splices, and Development of Circumferential Reinforcement10.1 General:10.1.1 When pipe are not marked to show a specific orientation in the ground, any weld to, or splice of, a circumferential shallbe considered to be
42、at the point of the maximum flexural stress.10.1.2 When pipe are marked to show a specific orientation in the ground, any weld to, or splice of, a circumferential shall beconsidered to be at a distance determined by the orientation angle closer to the point of maximum flexural stress than the markin
43、gindicates.C1417M 14310.1.3 Splices of smooth and deformed wire shall be welded and shall meet the requirements of 10.3 and 10.4.10.2 Notation:Awa = actual steel area of the individual circumferential wire, mm2.Awr = steel area required for the individual circumferential wire for flexure, mm2, eithe
44、r at the splice, for splices, or at the pointof maximum moment, for quadrant mat reinforcement.db = diameter of reinforcing wire or bar, mm.f lc = design compressive strength of concrete, MPa.fy = design yield strength of reinforcement, MPa.Ld = development length of reinforcing wire or bar, mm.s =
45、spacing of wire to be developed or spliced, mm.10.3 Welds:10.3.1 When splices are welded, pull teststhere shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm and a weld of sufficient length such that pulltest of representative specimens shall develop at least 50 % of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of t
46、he steel, andthere shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm. steel. For butt-welded splices in bars or wire, permitted only with helically wound cages,pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least 75 % of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the steel.10.4 Lapped Splices of Circ
47、umferential Reinforcement:10.4.1 If lapped splices of circumferentials consisting of deformed bars #19 or less are not welded, they shall be lapped not lessthan Ld, where:Ld 5db fy A wr2.74=f lc Awa(1)or not less than:db fy5.48=f lc(2)whichever is greater. Splices of larger than #19 bars shall meet
48、the requirements of ACI 318.10.4.2 If lapped splices of circumferentials consisting of welded smooth wire reinforcement or welded deformed wirereinforcement are not welded, the overlap measured between the outermost longitudinals on each side of the splice shall be no lessthan the spacing of the lon
49、gitudinals plus 25 mm, or Ld, where:Ld 53.25 Awr fys =f lc(3)whichever is greater.10.4.3 At the option of the manufacturer, a more detailed analysis may be made and the following exception to the requirementsof 10.4.2 may be applied. If the area of circumferential reinforcement is at least twice that required for flexure, the first requirementof 10.4.2 shall not apply. The overlap measured between the outermost longitudinals on each side of the splice shall be no lessthan that required by Eq 3, or 25 mm, whichever is greater.10.4.4 Alternative splice de
