1、Designation: C1417M 141Standard Specification forManufacture of Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain,and Culvert Pipe for Direct Design (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1417M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially revised title of 6.4 in March 2015.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the
3、manufacture and accep-tance of precast concrete pipe designed to conform to theowners design requirements and to the ASCE 15 or anequivalent design specification.NOTE 1The section on evaluation of core test results (14.3.3) and theAppendix are currently being reballoted.1.2 This specification is the
4、 SI companion to SpecificationC1417.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Car
5、bon-Steel Wire andWelded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, forConcreteC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer PipeC150 Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC4
6、94/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, orTileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete
7、 D-LoadCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete andMortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water
8、 Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete2.2 Other Standards:ASCE 15 Standard Practice for the Direct Design of BuriedPrecast Reinforced Concrete Pipe Using Standard Instal-lations (SIDD)3ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-crete43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For de
9、finitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, seeTerminology C822.3.1.2 group of pipe sectionseach days production run ofpipe sections of a single concrete strength for a specific project.3.1.3 lot of pipe sectionstotal of the number of groups ofpipe sections of a single concrete strength produced f
10、or aspecific project.3.1.4 running averageaverage concrete compressivestrength of all groups of pipe sections of a single concretestrength produced for a specific project, generally determinedas each group is tested.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe
11、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.05 on SpecialProjects.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1417M 13a. DOI:10.1520/C1417M-14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website
12、, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asc
13、e.org.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Basis of Acceptance of Design4.1 Manufacturing Design Dat
14、aThe manufacturer shallsubmit the following manufacturing design data for the con-crete pipe to the owner for approval.4.1.1 Pipe wall thickness.4.1.2 Concrete strength.4.1.3 Reinforcement:4.1.3.1 Specification,4.1.3.2 Reinforcement Type 1, 2, or 3, where:Type 1: Smooth wire or plain barsType 2: Wel
15、ded smooth wire reinforcement, 200 mm maximumspacing of longitudinalsType 3: Welded deformed wire reinforcement, deformed wire,deformed bars, or any reinforcement with stirrups,anchored thereto4.1.3.3 Design yield strength,4.1.3.4 Placement and design concrete cover,4.1.3.5 Cross-sectional diameters
16、,4.1.3.6 Spacing,4.1.3.7 Cross-sectional area,4.1.3.8 Description of longitudinal members, and4.1.3.9 If stirrups are used, developable stirrup designstress, stirrup shape, placement, and anchorage details.4.1.4 Design factors and the assumed orientation angle.4.1.5 Pipe laying length and joint info
17、rmation.4.2 Approval of the manufacturing design data shall bebased on its conformance to the owners design requirementsand to ASCE 15 or to an equivalent design specification.5. Basis of Acceptance of Concrete Pipe5.1 Acceptance of pipe shall be on the basis of concretecompression tests, materials
18、tests, conformance to the manu-facturing design data, conformance to this specification, andinspection of manufactured pipe for defects.5.2 When mutually agreed in writing by the owner and themanufacturer, a certification may be made the basis of accep-tance of the concrete pipe. This certification
19、shall consist of astatement by the manufacturer that the concrete pipe conformsto the manufacturing design data and to this specification, andthat the concrete and materials have been sampled and testedand conform to this specification.5.3 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready foracceptan
20、ce when they conform to the requirements of thisspecification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shallconsist of cementitious materials; mineral aggregates;admixtures, if used; and water in which steel has beenembedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete acttogether.6
21、.2 Cementitious Material:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595, except that the pozzolan co
22、nstituent in theType IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the re-quirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989.6.2.3 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of
23、Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only.6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only.6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only.6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only.6.2.4.5 A combination of portlan
24、d cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement.6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the require-ments of Sp
25、ecification C33, except that the requirement forgradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsThe following admixtures andblends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to SpecificationC260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to SpecificationC494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admix
26、ture for use in producing flowingconcrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist ofwire and welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M; or of bars conforming to Specifications A
27、615/A615M, Grade 280 or 420, or A706/A706M, Grade 420.6.6 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shallbe potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Joints7.1 The joints shall be designed and the ends of the concretepipe sections shall be formed so
28、 that the sections can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of pipe, compatible with thepermissible variations given in Section 15.8. Manufacture8.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded,proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitiousmaterial, water, and admixtures, if any,
29、 to produce a thoroughlymixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to thetest and design requirements of this specification. All concreteshall have a watercementitious materials ratio not exceeding0.53 by weight. Minimum concrete strength shall be 27.6 MPa.8.2 FinishPipe shall be subs
30、tantially free of fractures,large or deep cracks, and surface roughness. The ends of thepipe shall be normal to walls and center line of the pipe, withinthe limits of variations given in Section 15.C1417M 14129. Circumferential Reinforcement9.1 A line of circumferential reinforcement for any givento
31、tal area may be composed of up to two layers for pipe withwall thicknesses of less than 180 mm or three layers for pipewith wall thickness of 180 mm or greater. The layers shall notbe separated by more than the thickness of one longitudinalplus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to
32、form a single cage. If the multiple layers of a cage containcircumferential splices, the individual layers shall be rotated sothat the splices are staggered. All other specificationrequirements, such as laps, welds, tolerances of placement inthe wall of the pipe, and so forth, shall apply to this me
33、thod offabricating a line of reinforcement. The design shall be basedon the centroid of the layers.9.2 Reinforcement placement and concrete cover shall con-form to the approved manufacturing data. The nominal con-crete cover over the circumferential reinforcement shall not beless than be 25 mm in pi
34、pe having a wall thickness of 63 mmor greater, and shall not be less than 19 mm in pipe having awall thickness of less than 63 mm. The location of thereinforcement shall be subject to the permissible variations indimensions given in Section 15. Requirements for placementand protective covering of th
35、e concrete from the inner or outersurface of the pipe do not apply to that portion of a cage thatis flared so as to extend into the bell or reduced in diameter soas to extend into the spigot.9.3 Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into thejoint area, the maximum longitudinal distance to the
36、 lastcircumferential from the inside shoulder of the bell or theshoulder of the spigot shall be 75 mm, except that if thisdistance exceeds one half of the wall thickness, the pipe wallshall contain at least a total reinforcement area of the minimumspecified area per linear metre times the laying len
37、gth of thepipe section. The minimum cover on the last circumferentialnear the spigot shoulder shall be 13 mm.9.4 Where reinforcement is in the bell or spigot, theminimum end-cover on the last circumferential shall be 13 mmin the bell or 6 mm in the spigot.9.5 The continuity of the circumferential re
38、inforcing steelshall be maintained during the manufacture of the pipe, exceptwhen, as agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes areprovided in each pipe or the pipe is converted into a manholetee.10. Welds, Splices, and Development of CircumferentialReinforcement10.1 General:10.1.1 When pipe are
39、not marked to show a specificorientation in the ground, any weld to, or splice of, a circum-ferential shall be considered to be at the point of the maximumflexural stress.10.1.2 When pipe are marked to show a specific orientationin the ground, any weld to, or splice of, a circumferential shallbe con
40、sidered to be at a distance determined by the orientationangle closer to the point of maximum flexural stress than themarking indicates.10.1.3 Splices of smooth and deformed wire shall be weldedand shall meet the requirements of 10.3 and 10.4.10.2 Notation:Awa= actual steel area of the individual ci
41、rcumferentialwire, mm2.Awr= steel area required for the individual circumferentialwire for flexure, mm2, either at the splice, for splices,or at the point of maximum moment, for quadrant matreinforcement.db= diameter of reinforcing wire or bar, mm.flc= design compressive strength of concrete, MPa.fy
42、= design yield strength of reinforcement, MPa.Ld= development length of reinforcing wire or bar, mm.s = spacing of wire to be developed or spliced, mm.10.3 Welds:10.3.1 When splices are welded, there shall be a minimumlap of 50 mm and a weld of sufficient length such that pull testof representative
43、specimens shall develop at least 50 % of theminimum specified tensile strength of the steel. For butt-welded splices in bars or wire, permitted only with helicallywound cages, pull tests of representative specimens shalldevelop at least 75 % of the minimum specified tensile strengthof the steel.10.4
44、 Lapped Splices of Circumferential Reinforcement:10.4.1 If lapped splices of circumferentials consisting ofdeformed bars #19 or less are not welded, they shall be lappednot less than Ld, where:Ld5dbfyAwr2.74 =flcAwa(1)or not less than:dbfy5.48 = flc(2)whichever is greater. Splices of larger than #19
45、 bars shallmeet the requirements of ACI 318.10.4.2 If lapped splices of circumferentials consisting ofwelded smooth wire reinforcement or welded deformed wirereinforcement are not welded, the overlap measured betweenthe outermost longitudinals on each side of the splice shall beno less than the spac
46、ing of the longitudinals plus 25 mm, or Ld,where:Ld5 3.25Awrfys =flc(3)whichever is greater.10.4.3 At the option of the manufacturer, a more detailedanalysis may be made and the following exception to therequirements of 10.4.2 may be applied. If the area of circum-ferential reinforcement is at least
47、 twice that required forflexure, the first requirement of 10.4.2 shall not apply. Theoverlap measured between the outermost longitudinals on eachside of the splice shall be no less than that required by Eq 3,or25 mm, whichever is greater.10.4.4 Alternative splice designs that differ from 10.4 maybe
48、submitted to the owner for approval.C1417M 141310.5 Development of Quadrant Mat Reinforcement:10.5.1 Circumferential quadrant mat reinforcement shallconsist of welded wire reinforcement with 200-mm maximumcross wire spacing. When quadrant mat reinforcement is used,the area of the main cage shall be
49、no less than 25 % of the arearequired at the point of maximum moment. The quadrant matsshall extend at least 45 each side of the point of maximummoment.10.5.2 At the option of the manufacturer, a more detailedanalysis may be made and the requirements of 10.5.3 or 10.5.4used instead of 10.5.1.10.5.3 When circumferential quadrant mat reinforcementconsists of welded smooth wire reinforcement or weldeddeformed wire reinforcement, the following requirements shallapply:10.5.3.1 The outermost longitudinals on each end of thecircumferentials shall be embedded
