1、Designation: C1417M 141C1417M 15Standard Specification forManufacture of Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain,and Culvert Pipe for Direct Design (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1417M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorially revised title of 6.4 in March 2015.1. Scope1.1 This specification c
3、overs the manufacture and acceptance of precast concrete pipe designed to conform to the ownersdesign requirements and to the ASCE 15 or an equivalent design specification.NOTE 1The section on evaluation of core test results (14.3.3) and the Appendix are currently being reballoted.1.2 This specifica
4、tion is the SI companion to Specification C1417.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specifica
5、tion for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteC33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-En
6、training Admixtures for ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan
7、for Use in ConcreteC655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for U
8、se in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete2.2 Other Standards:ASCE 15 Standard Practice for the Direct Design of Buried Precast Reinforced Concrete Pipe Using
9、Standard Installations(SIDD)3ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.3.1.2 group of pipe sectionseach days production run of pipe sections of a single concrete strength for
10、 a specific project.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.05 on Special Projects.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2015. Published February 2014October 2015. Originally approved in 1998. L
11、ast previous edition approved in 20132014 asC1417M 13a.C1417M 141. DOI: 10.1520/C1417M-14E01.10.1520/C1417M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the st
12、andards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.This
13、document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions
14、 as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 lot of pipe sectionstotal of the number of grou
15、ps of pipe sections of a single concrete strength produced for a specificproject.3.1.4 running averageaverage concrete compressive strength of all groups of pipe sections of a single concrete strengthproduced for a specific project, generally determined as each group is tested.4. Basis of Acceptance
16、 of Design4.1 Manufacturing Design DataThe manufacturer shall submit the following manufacturing design data for the concrete pipeto the owner for approval.4.1.1 Pipe wall thickness.4.1.2 Concrete strength.4.1.3 Reinforcement:4.1.3.1 Specification,4.1.3.2 Reinforcement Type 1, 2, or 3, where:Type 1:
17、 Smooth wire or plain barsType 2: Welded smooth wire reinforcement, 200 mm maximumspacing of longitudinalsType 3: Welded deformed wire reinforcement, deformed wire,deformed bars, or any reinforcement with stirrups,anchored thereto4.1.3.3 Design yield strength,4.1.3.4 Placement and design concrete co
18、ver,4.1.3.5 Cross-sectional diameters,4.1.3.6 Spacing,4.1.3.7 Cross-sectional area,4.1.3.8 Description of longitudinal members, and4.1.3.9 If stirrups are used, developable stirrup design stress, stirrup shape, placement, and anchorage details.4.1.4 Design factors and the assumed orientation angle.4
19、.1.5 Pipe laying length and joint information.4.2 Approval of the manufacturing design data shall be based on its conformance to the owners design requirements and toASCE 15 or to an equivalent design specification.5. Basis of Acceptance of Concrete Pipe5.1 Acceptance of pipe shall be on the basis o
20、f concrete compression tests, materials tests, conformance to the manufacturingdesign data, conformance to this specification, and inspection of manufactured pipe for defects.5.2 When mutually agreed in writing by the owner and the manufacturer, a certification may be made the basis of acceptanceof
21、the concrete pipe. This certification shall consist of a statement by the manufacturer that the concrete pipe conforms to themanufacturing design data and to this specification, and that the concrete and materials have been sampled and tested and conformto this specification.5.3 Age for AcceptancePi
22、pe shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of thisspecification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials; mineral aggregates; admixtures, ifused; and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manne
23、r that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Material:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requir
24、ements ofSpecification C595C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989C989/C989M.6.2.3 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requiremen
25、ts of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only.6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only.6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement
26、 only.6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only.6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement.C1417M 1526.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, sla
27、g cement, and fly ash.ash, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33C33/C33M, except that the requirement forgradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixturesThe following admixtures and
28、 blends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend ap
29、proved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of wire and welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M;or of bars conforming to Specifications A615/A615M, Grade 280 or 420, or A706/A706M, Grade 420. For helically wound cagesonly, weld shear tests are not required.6.6
30、 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.6.7 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing
31、material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall beaccepted.7. Joints7.1 The joints shall be designed and the ends of the concrete pipe se
32、ctions shall be formed so that the sections can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of pipe, compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 15.8. Manufacture8.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious material,wat
33、er, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test anddesign requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a watercementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 byweight. Minimum concrete strength shall be 27.6 MPa
34、.8.2 FinishPipe shall be substantially free of fractures, large or deep cracks, and surface roughness. The ends of the pipe shallbe normal to walls and center line of the pipe, within the limits of variations given in Section 15.9. Circumferential Reinforcement9.1 A line of circumferential reinforce
35、ment for any given total area may be composed of up to two layers for pipe with wallthicknesses of less than 180 mm or three layers for pipe with wall thickness of 180 mm or greater. The layers shall not be separatedby more than the thickness of one longitudinal plus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall
36、be fastened together to form a single cage.If the multiple layers of a cage contain circumferential splices, the individual layers shall be rotated so that the splices arestaggered. All other specification requirements, such as laps, welds, tolerances of placement in the wall of the pipe, and so for
37、th,shall apply to this method of fabricating a line of reinforcement. The design shall be based on the centroid of the layers.9.2 Reinforcement placement and concrete cover shall conform to the approved manufacturing data. The nominal concretecover over the circumferential reinforcement shall not be
38、 less than be 25 mm in pipe having a wall thickness of 63 mm or greater,and shall not be less than 19 mm in pipe having a wall thickness of less than 63 mm. The location of the reinforcement shall besubject to the permissible variations in dimensions given in Section 15. Requirements for placement a
39、nd protective covering ofthe concrete from the inner or outer surface of the pipe do not apply to that portion of a cage that is flared so as to extend intothe bell or reduced in diameter so as to extend into the spigot.9.3 Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into the joint area, the maximu
40、m longitudinal distance to the lastcircumferential from the inside shoulder of the bell or the shoulder of the spigot shall be 75 mm, except that if this distance exceedsone half of the wall thickness, the pipe wall shall contain at least a total reinforcement area of the minimum specified area per
41、linearmetre times the laying length of the pipe section. The minimum cover on the last circumferential near the spigot shoulder shallbe 13 mm.9.4 Where reinforcement is in the bell or spigot, the minimum end-cover on the last circumferential shall be 13 mm in the bellor 6 mm in the spigot.9.5 The co
42、ntinuity of the circumferential reinforcing steel shall be maintained during the manufacture of the pipe, except when,as agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes are provided in each pipe or the pipe is converted into a manhole tee.C1417M 15310. Welds, Splices, and Development of Circumferential
43、 Reinforcement10.1 General:10.1.1 When pipe are not marked to show a specific orientation in the ground, any weld to, or splice of, a circumferential shallbe considered to be at the point of the maximum flexural stress.10.1.2 When pipe are marked to show a specific orientation in the ground, any wel
44、d to, or splice of, a circumferential shall beconsidered to be at a distance determined by the orientation angle closer to the point of maximum flexural stress than the markingindicates.10.1.3 Splices of smooth and deformed wire shall be welded and shall meet the requirements of 10.3 and 10.4.10.2 N
45、otation:Awa = actual steel area of the individual circumferential wire, mm2.Awr = steel area required for the individual circumferential wire for flexure, mm2, either at the splice, for splices, or at the pointof maximum moment, for quadrant mat reinforcement.db = diameter of reinforcing wire or bar
46、, mm.f lc = design compressive strength of concrete, MPa.fy = design yield strength of reinforcement, MPa.Ld = development length of reinforcing wire or bar, mm.s = spacing of wire to be developed or spliced, mm.10.3 Welds:10.3.1 When splices are welded, there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm and a w
47、eld of sufficient length such that pull test ofrepresentative specimens shall develop at least 50 % of the minimum specified tensile strength of the steel. For butt-welded splicesin bars or wire, permitted only with helically wound cages, pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least
48、 75 % ofthe minimum specified tensile strength of the steel.10.4 Lapped Splices of Circumferential Reinforcement:10.4.1 If lapped splices of circumferentials consisting of deformed bars #19 or less are not welded, they shall be lapped not lessthan Ld, where:Ld 5db fy A wr2.74=f lc Awa(1)or not less
49、than:db fy5.48=f lc(2)whichever is greater. Splices of larger than #19 bars shall meet the requirements of ACI 318.10.4.2 If lapped splices of circumferentials consisting of welded smooth wire reinforcement or welded deformed wirereinforcement are not welded, the overlap measured between the outermost longitudinals on each side of the splice shall be no lessthan the spacing of the longitudinals plus 25 mm, or Ld, where:Ld 53.25 Awr fys =f lc(3)whichever is greater.10.4.3 At the option of the manufacturer, a more detailed analysis may be made and t
