1、Designation: C1433 10C1433 13Standard Specification forPrecast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections forCulverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1433; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections cast m
3、onolithically and intended to be used forthe construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.1.2 This specification is the companion to SI Specification C1433M; therefore, no SI equivalents are shown in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is primar
4、ily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. However, standard designs are included and the criteria usedto develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section,bedding, backfill, and care that the instal
5、lation conforms to the construction specifications. The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sectionsspecified herein is cautioned that proper correlation of the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified, and provision forinspection at the construction
6、site, are required.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A82/A82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete ReinforcementA185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for ConcreteA496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete ReinforcementA497/A49
7、7M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test M
8、ethod for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150 Specification for Portland CementC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specifi
9、cation for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete2.2 AASHTO Standard:3Standar
10、d Specifications for Highway Bridges3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box sections manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be one of two typesidentified in Table 1 and Table 2
11、, and shall be designated by type, span, rise, and design earth cover.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipeand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved Ma
12、rch 15, 2010Feb. 15, 2013. Published March 2010March 2013. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20082010as C1433 08.C1433 10. DOI: 10.1520/C1433-10.10.1520/C1433-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at servi
13、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.This document is not
14、 an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate
15、. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the box sections produced
16、 in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of the concretecompressive strength tests described in Section 10, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspection of thefinished box sections.5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they c
17、onform to the requirements of this specification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1
18、 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595, except that thepozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall
19、be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe com
20、bination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall beone of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash.6.2.4.6
21、A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitiousweight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates sh
22、all conform to Specification C33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shall be allowed to be used with the approval of the purchaser.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Spe
23、cifications A185/A185Mor A497/A497M. Circumferential reinforcement areas in Tables 1 and 2 are based solely on the use of welded wire reinforcement,refer to 11.6 if alternate steel designs utilizing steel bars, Grade 60, in conjunction with or in lieu of welded wire reinforcementare to be submitted
24、for the owners approval. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall be allowed to consist of welded wirereinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to Specification A615/A615M, Grade 60.6.6 Synthetic FibersThe manufacturer is not prohibited from using collated fibrillated virgin polypr
25、opylene fibers in precastbox culverts as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifically foruse in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe box section dimensions,
26、compressive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement details shall be asprescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 and Figs. 1-4, subject to the provisions of Section 11. Table 1 sections are designed for combinedearth dead load andAASHTO HS20 live load conditions. Table 2 sections are designed for combine
27、d earth dead load and interstatelive load conditions when the interstate live loading exceeds the HS20 live loading. Criteria used to develop Tables 1 and 2aregiven in Appendix X1.NOTE 2The tabular designs in this specification were prepared according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Br
28、idges, 1997 Edition.7.2 Modified and Special Designs for Monolithic StructuresThe manufacturer shall request approval by the purchaser ofmodified designs that differ from the designs in Section 7.1; or special designs for sizes and loads other than those shown in Tables1 and 2. When spans are requir
29、ed that exceed those prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2, the design shall be based on the criteria givenin Appendix X1. In addition, the span shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflection as given in Section 8.9 ofAASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (latest edition).NO
30、TE 3Construction procedures, such as heavy equipment movement or stockpiling of material over or adjacent to a box structure, can induce higherloads than those used for the structures final design. These construction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steel areas in the box arelar
31、ger than those the box will experience in the final installation condition. The design engineer should take into consideration the potential for higherloads induced by construction procedures in determining the final design of the box structure.7.3 Placement of Reinforcement ReinforcementThe cover o
32、f concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in.,subject to the provisions of Section 11. The inside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the jointand the outside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the groove portion of the joint. The cle
33、ar distance of the endC1433 132circumferential wires shall be not less than 12 in. nor more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. Reinforcement shall beassembled utilizing any combination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement. Multiple layers shall not beseparated by more
34、than the thickness of one longitudinal wire plus 14 in. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to forma single cage. All other specification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement in the wall of the box sectionshall apply to this method of fabricating a reinforcement c
35、age. A common reinforcement unit may be utilized for both As2 or (orAs3) and As4, and also for both As7 (or As8) and As1, with the largest area requirement governing, bending the reinforcement at thecorners and waiving the extension requirements of Fig. 3 (see Fig. 4). When a single cage of multiple
36、 circumferential steel areasis used for As2 (or As3) and As4 reinforcement, the slab or wall requiring the larger steel area shall have this additionalcircumferential steel extending for the full length of the slab or wall. The welded-wire reinforcement shall be composed ofFIG. 1 Typical Box Section
37、sFIG. 2 Section A-A Top and Bottom Slab Joint ReinforcementFIG. 3 Detail Inner ReinforcementC1433 133circumferential and longitudinal wires meeting the spacing requirements of 7.4 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wiresextending through the box section to maintain the shape and position of r
38、einforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcementmay be welded-wire reinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.4. The ends of thelongitudinal distribution reinforcement shall not be more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. The exposure of th
39、e ends oflongitudinals, stirrups, and spacers used to position the reinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.7.4 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap measuredbetween the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sh
40、eet shall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wiresplus 2 in. but not less than 10 in. If As1 is extended to the middle of either slab and connected, welded splices are not prohibitedin the connection. When used,As7 andAs8 shall be lapped withAs1 as shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 (see also F
41、ig. 7 and Fig. 8). If weldsare made to circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not less than 18 in.apart along the longitudinal axis of the box section. Also, when spacers are welded to circumferential wires, they shall be weldedonly to these
42、 selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires, except it is not prohibitedfor As4 to be lapped and welded at any location or connected by welding at the corners to As2 and As3. No welds shall be madeto As2 or As3 circumferential wires in the middle third o
43、f the span. (See Fig. 9 for welding restrictions.) When distributionreinforcement is to be fastened to a cage by welding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires and only near the ends of thebox section. The spacing center to center of the circumferential wires shall not be less than 2 in. nor
44、 more than 4 in. The spacingcenter to center of the longitudinal wires shall not be more than 8 in.8. Joints8.1 The precast reinforced concrete box sections shall be produced with tongue and groove ends. The ends shall be of suchdesign and the ends of the box sections so formed that the sections can
45、 be laid together to make a continuous line of box sectionscompatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.FIG. 4 Detail Option (see Fig. 3)FIG. 5 Detailed Reinforcement ArrangementC1433 1348.2 Outer cage circumferential reinforcement as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 shall be placed in the t
46、op and bottom slabs at the grooveportion of the joint whenAs1 is not continuous over the span. The minimum area of such reinforcement in square inches per linearfoot of box section length shall be the same as the areas specified for As4 in Tables 1 and 2.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall
47、 be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materialsand water as will produce a homogeneousthoroughly-mixed concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the testFIG. 6 Detail OptionFIG. 7 Alternate DetailFIG. 8 Alternate DetailC1433 135and desi
48、gn requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 byweight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470 lb/yd3unless mix designs with a lower cementitious mate
49、rials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet therequirements of this specification.9.2 CuringThe box sections shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete will develop the specifiedcompressive strength in 28 days or less. Any one of the following methods of curing or combinations thereof shall be allowed tobe used:9.2.1 Steam CuringThe box sections shall be allowed to be low pressure, steam-cured by a system that will maintain a moistatmosphere.9.2.2 Water CuringThe box sections shall be allowe
