1、Designation: C1433 15C1433 16Standard Specification forPrecast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections forCulverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1433; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections cast m
3、onolithically and intended to be used forthe construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.1.2 This specification is the companion to SI Specification C1433M; therefore, no SI equivalents are shown in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is primar
4、ily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. However, standard designs are included and the criteria usedto develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section,bedding, backfill, and care that the instal
5、lation conforms to the construction specifications. The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sectionsspecified herein is cautioned that proper correlation of the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified, and provision forinspection at the construction
6、site, are required.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Defor
7、med and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method f
8、or Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
9、 ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC990 Specificati
10、on for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint SealantsC989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116C1116/C1116M Specificati
11、on for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and ShotcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete StructuresC1677 Specification for Joints for Concrete Box, Using Rubber Gaskets2.2 AASHTO Standa
12、rd:3Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved April 1, 2015Jan. 15, 20
13、16. Published April 2015January 2016. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asC1433 14.C1433 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1433-15.10.1520/C1433-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
14、l Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.This document is not an ASTM standard and
15、 is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only t
16、he current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Term
17、inology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box sections manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be one of two typesidentified in Table 1 and Table 2, and shall be designated by type, span, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the box sect
18、ions produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of the concretecompressive strength tests described in Section 10, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspection of thefinished box sections.5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptanc
19、e when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates and water,aggregates, admixtures if used, and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and
20、 concrete acttogether.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to therequirements of Spec
21、ification C595C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cementshall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)Slag CementGGBFS Slag cement shall
22、 conform to the requirementsof Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989C989/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall beone of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace blast-furnace slag
23、 cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash.ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag,
24、or portland-limestone cement and slagcement,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitiousweight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, andfly
25、ash, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33C33/C33M, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixturesAdmixtures and blends shall be allowed to be used with the approval o
26、f thepurchaser.The following admixtures and blends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C101
27、7M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M. Circumferential reinforcement areas in Tables 1 and 2 are based solely on the use of welded wire reinforcement, ref
28、erto 11.6 if alternate steel designs utilizing steel bars, Grade 60, in conjunction with or in lieu of welded wire reinforcement are tobe submitted for the owners approval. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall be allowed to consist of welded wirereinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars c
29、onforming to either Specification A615/A615M, Grade 60, or SpecificationA706/A706M, Grade 60.6.6 Synthetic FibersThe manufacturer is not prohibited from using collated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers in precastbox culverts Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used,
30、 at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeC1433 162as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsyntheticfiber (Type 1) designed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Spe
31、cificationC1116C1116/C1116M shall be accepted.6.7 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe box section dimensions, compressive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement
32、 details shall be asprescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 and Figs. 1-4, subject to the provisions of Section 11. Table 1 sections are designed for combinedearth dead load andAASHTO HS20 live load conditions. Table 2 sections are designed for combined earth dead load and interstatelive load conditions wh
33、en the interstate live loading exceeds the HS20 live loading. Criteria used to develop Tables 1 and 2 aregiven in Appendix X1.NOTE 2The tabular designs in this specification were prepared according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 1997 Edition.7.2 Modified and Special Designs f
34、or Monolithic StructuresThe manufacturer shall request approval by the purchaser ofmodified designs that differ from the designs in Section 7.1; or special designs for sizes and loads other than those shown in Tables1 and 2. When spans are required that exceed those prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2,
35、 the design shall be based on the criteria givenin Appendix X1. In addition, the span shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflection as given in Section 8.9 ofAASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (latest edition).NOTE 3Construction procedures, such as heavy equipment m
36、ovement or stockpiling of material over or adjacent to a box structure, can induce higherloads than those used for the structures final design. These construction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steel areas in the box arelarger than those the box will experience in the final in
37、stallation condition. The design engineer should take into consideration the potential for higherloads induced by construction procedures in determining the final design of the box structure.7.3 Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in., su
38、bject to theprovisions of Section 11. The inside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the joint and the outsidecircumferential reinforcement shall extend into the groove portion of the joint. The clear distance of the end circumferential wiresshall be not less than 1
39、2 in. nor more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizing anycombination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement. Multiple layers shall not be separated by more than thethickness of one longitudinal wire plus 14 in. The multiple layers s
40、hall be fastened together to form a single cage. All otherspecification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement in the wall of the box section shall apply to this methodof fabricating a reinforcement cage. A common reinforcement unit may be utilized for both As2 or (or As3) and
41、 As4, and also forboth As7 (or As8) and As1, with the largest area requirement governing, bending the reinforcement at the corners and waiving theextension requirements of Fig. 3 (see Fig. 4). When a single cage of multiple circumferential steel areas is used for As2 (or As3)and As4 reinforcement, t
42、he slab or wall requiring the larger steel area shall have this additional circumferential steel extending forthe full length of the slab or wall. The welded-wire reinforcement shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wiresmeeting the spacing requirements of 7.4 and shall contain suffic
43、ient longitudinal wires extending through the box section tomaintain the shape and position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded-wire reinforcement ordeformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.4. The ends of the longitudinal distributio
44、n reinforcementshall not be more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers usedto position the reinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.FIG. 1 Typical Box SectionsC1433 1637.4 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumfer
45、ential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap measuredbetween the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet shall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wiresplus 2 in. but not less than 10 in. If As1 is extended to the middle of either slab and connected, welde
46、d splices are not prohibitedin the connection. When used, As7 and As8 shall be lapped with As1 as shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 (see also Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). Ifwelds are made to circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not less than18 in. apart al
47、ong the longitudinal axis of the box section. Also, when spacers are welded to circumferential wires, they shall bewelded only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires, except it is notprohibited for As4 to be lapped and welded at any location
48、 or connected by welding at the corners to As2 and As3. No welds shallbe made toAs2 orAs3 circumferential wires in the middle third of the span. (See Fig. 9 for welding restrictions.) When distributionreinforcement is to be fastened to a cage by welding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires
49、 and only near the ends of thebox section. If welds are made to Grade 60 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706M shall be used.The spacing center to center of the circumferential wires shall not be less than 2 in. nor more than 4 in. The spacing center to centerof the longitudinal wires shall not be more than 8 in.FIG. 2 Section A-A Top and Bottom Slab Joint ReinforcementFIG. 3 Detail Inner ReinforcementFIG. 4 Detail Option (see Fig. 3)C1433 1648. Joints8.1 The precast reinforced concrete box sections shall be produced
