1、Designation: C1433M 10Standard Specification forPrecast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections forCulverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1433M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforcedconcrete box sections cast
3、 monolithically and intended to beused for the construction of culverts and for the conveyance ofstorm water industrial wastes and sewage.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to SpecificationC1433.NOTE 1This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchas-ing specification. However, sta
4、ndard designs are included and the criteriaused to develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successfulperformance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the boxsection, bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to theconstruction specifications. The purchase
5、r of the precast reinforcedconcrete box sections specified herein is cautioned that he must properlycorrelate the loading conditions and the field requirements with the boxsection specified and provide for inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A82/A82M Specif
6、ication for Steel Wire, Plain, for ConcreteReinforcementA185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Plain, for ConcreteA496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, forConcrete ReinforcementA497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA
7、615/A615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC150 Specifica
8、tion for Portland CementC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or Tile MetricC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in
9、 ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand Mortars2.2 AASHTO Standards:3Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C
10、822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box sections manufacturedin accordance with this specification shall be one of two typesidentified in Tables 1 and 2, and shall be designated by type,span, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the box sections produced in
11、 accor-dance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of theconcrete compressive strength tests described in Section 10,bythe material requirements described in Section 6, and byinspection of the finished box sections.5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptancewhen they confor
12、m to the requirements of this specification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shallconsist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates andwater, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner thatthe steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:1This specif
13、ication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 onAcceptance Specifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved March 15, 2010. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous editi
14、on approved in 2009 as C1433M 09. DOI:10.1520/C1433M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Avai
15、lable from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the re
16、quirementsfor portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement con-forming to the requirements of Specification C595, except thatthe pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolancement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall
17、conform to the requirements ofSpecification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used
18、 in concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash.6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and gr
19、oundgranulated blast-furnace slag,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, ground granu-lated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of thetotal cementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except
20、that the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shallbe allowed to be used with the approval of the purchaser.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist ofwelded wire reinforcement conforming to SpecificationsA185/A185M or A497/A497M. Circum
21、ferential reinforcement areasin Tables 1 and 2 are based solely on the use of welded wirereinforcement, refer to 11.6 if alternate steel designs utilizingsteel bars, Grade 60, in conjunction with or in lieu of weldedwire reinforcement are to be submitted for the ownersapproval. Longitudinal distribu
22、tion reinforcement shall beallowed to consist of welded wire reinforcement or deformedbillet-steel bars conforming to Specification A615/A615M,Grade 60.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe box section dimensions, compres-sive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement details shall beas prescribed in Tabl
23、e 1 or Table 2 and Figs. 1-4, subject to theprovisions of Section 11. Table 1 sections are designed forcombined earth dead load and AASHTO HS20 live loadconditions. Table 2 sections are designed for combined earthdead load and interstate live load conditions when the interstatelive loading exceeds t
24、he HS20 live loading. Criteria used todevelop Tables 1 and 2 are given in Appendix X1.NOTE 2The tabular designs in this specification were preparedaccording to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges,1997 Edition.7.2 Modified and Special Designs for MonolithicStructuresThe manufacturer sh
25、all request approval by thepurchaser of modified designs which differ from the designs inSection 7.1, or special designs for sizes and loads other thanthose shown in Tables 1 and 2. When spans are required thatexceed those prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2, the design shallbe based on the criteria gi
26、ven in Appendix X1. In addition, thespan shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limitdeflection as given in Section 8.9 of AASHTO StandardSpecification for Highway Bridges (latest edition).NOTE 3Construction procedures, such as heavy equipment movementor stockpiling of material over or adja
27、cent to a box structure, can inducehigher loads than those used for the structures final design. Theseconstruction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steelareas in the box are larger than those the box will experience in the finalinstallation condition. The design engineer should
28、take into considerationthe potential for higher loads induced by construction procedures indetermining the final design of the box structure.7.3 Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of concreteover the circumferential reinforcement shall be 25 mm, subjectto the provisions of Section 11. The inside ci
29、rcumferentialFIG. 1 Typical Box SectionsC1433M 102reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the jointand the outside circumferential reinforcement shall extend intothe groove portion of the joint. The clear distance of the endcircumferential wires shall be not less than 13 mm nor moretha
30、n 50 mm from the ends of the box section. Reinforcementshall be assembled utilizing any combination of single ormultiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement. Multiple layersshall not be separated by more than the thickness of onelongitudinal wire plus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall befastened toget
31、her to form a single cage. All other specificationrequirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placementin the wall of the box section shall apply to this method offabricating a reinforcement cage. A common reinforcementunit may be utilized for both As2(or As3) and As4, and also forboth As7(o
32、r As8) and As1, with the largest area requirementgoverning, bending the reinforcement at the corners andwaiving the extension requirements of Fig. 3 (see Fig. 5).When a single cage of multiple circumferential steel areas isused for As2(or As3) and As4reinforcement, the slab or wallrequiring the larg
33、er steel area shall have this additionalcircumferential steel extending for the full length of the slab orwall. The welded-wire reinforcement shall be composed ofcircumferential and longitudinal wires meeting the spacingrequirements of 7.4 and shall contain sufficient longitudinalwires extending thr
34、ough the box section to maintain the shapeand position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution rein-forcement may be welded-wire reinforcement or deformedbillet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.4.The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcement shallnot be more than
35、 2 in. from the ends of the box section. Theexposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacersused to position the reinforcement shall not be a cause forrejection.7.4 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferen-tial reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlapFIG. 2 Section A
36、-A Top and Bottom Slab Joint ReinforcementFIG. 3 Detail Inner ReinforcementFIG. 4 Detail Option (see Fig. 3)FIG. 5 Detailed Reinforcement ArrangementC1433M 103measured between the outermost longitudinal wires of eachreinforcement sheet shall not be less than the spacing of thelongitudinal wires plus
37、 50 mm but not less than 250 mm. IfAs1is extended to the middle of either slab and connected, weldedsplices are not prohibited in the connection. When used, As7and As8shall be lapped with As1as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 (seealso Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). If welds are made to circumferentialreinforcement, the
38、y shall be made only to selected circumfer-ential wires that are not less than 450 mm apart along thelongitudinal axis of the box section. Also, when spacers arewelded to circumferential wires, they shall be welded only tothese selected circumferential wires. There shall be no weldingto other circum
39、ferential wires, except it is not prohibited forAs4to be lapped and welded at any location or connected bywelding at the corners to As2and As3. No welds shall be madeto As2or As3circumferential wires in the middle third of thespan (see Fig. 9 for welding restrictions). When distributionreinforcement
40、 is to be fastened to a cage by welding, it shall bewelded only to longitudinal wires and only near the ends of thebox section. The spacing center to center of the circumferentialwires shall not be less than 50 mm nor more than 100 mm. Thespacing center to center of the longitudinal wires shall not
41、bemore than 200 mm.8. Joints8.1 The precast reinforced concrete box sections shall beproduced with tongue and groove ends. The ends shall be ofsuch design and the ends of the box sections so formed that thesections can be laid together to make a continuous line of boxsections compatible with the per
42、missible variations given inSection 11.8.2 Outer cage circumferential reinforcement as shown inFigs. 1 and 2 shall be placed in the top and bottom slabs at thegroove portion of the joint when As1is not continuous over thespan. The minimum area of such reinforcement in squaremillimeters per linear me
43、ter of box section length shall be thesame as the areas specified for As4in Tables 1 and 2.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, propor-tioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitiousmaterials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality t
44、hat the pipe will conform to the testand design requirements of this specification.All concrete shallhave a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280kg/m3unless mi
45、x designs with a lower cementitious materialscontent demonstrate that the quality and performance of thepipe meet the requirements of this specification.FIG. 6 Detail OptionFIG. 7 Alternate DetailFIG. 8 Alternate DetailFIG. 9 Critical Zones of High Stress Where Welding is RestrictedC1433M 1049.2 Cur
46、ingThe box sections shall be cured for a sufficientlength of time so that the concrete will develop the specifiedcompressive strength in 28 days or less. Any one of thefollowing methods of curing or combinations thereof shall beallowed to be used:9.2.1 Steam CuringThe box sections shall be allowed t
47、obe low pressure, steam-cured by a system that will maintain amoist atmosphere.9.2.2 Water CuringThe box sections shall be allowed tobe water-cured by any method that will keep the sections moist.9.2.3 Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conformingto the requirements of Specification C309 may be appli
48、ed andshall be left intact until the required concrete compressivestrength is attained. The concrete temperature at the time ofapplication shall be within 6C of the atmospheric temperature.All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of thecompounds and shall be damp when the compound i
49、s applied.9.3 FormsThe forms used in manufacture shall be suffi-ciently rigid and accurate to maintain the box section dimen-sions within the permissible variations given in Section 11. Allcasting surfaces shall be of smooth nonporous material.9.4 HandlingHandling devices or holes shall be permittedin each box section for the purpose of handling and laying.10. Physical Requirements10.1 Type of Test SpecimenCompression tests for deter-mining concrete compressive strength shall be allowed to bemade on either standard rodded concrete cylinders or concre
