1、Designation: C1433M 14C1433M 15Standard Specification forPrecast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections forCulverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1433M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sec
3、tions cast monolithically and intended to be used forthe construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C1433.NOTE 1This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. H
4、owever, standard designs are included and the criteria usedto develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section,bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications.
5、 The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sectionsspecified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified and providefor inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A
6、1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC3
7、1/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150 Specification for Portland CementC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing
8、ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specificatio
9、n for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint SealantsC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1619 Specification for Elastomer
10、ic Seals for Joining Concrete StructuresC1677 Specification for Joints for Concrete Box, Using Rubber Gaskets2.2 AASHTO Standards:3Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.1 This specification is
11、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipeand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014April 1, 2015. Published March 2014April 2015. Originally approved in 1999. Last pre
12、vious edition approved in 20132014 asC1433M 13b.C1433M 14. DOI: 10.1520/C1433M-14.10.1520/C1433M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Doc
13、ument Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicatio
14、n of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consid
15、ered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box sections manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be one of two typesidentified in Tables 1 and 2,
16、and shall be designated by type, span, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the box sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of the concretecompressive strength tests described in Section 10, by the material requirements des
17、cribed in Section 6, and by inspection of thefinished box sections.5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregat
18、es and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement
19、conforming to the requirements of Specification C595, except that thepozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS
20、shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall beone of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.
21、3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash.6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (not to exc
22、eed 25 % of the total cementitiousweight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shall be allowed to be u
23、sed with the approval of the purchaser.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M. Circumferential reinforcement areas in Tables 1 and 2 are based solely on the use of welded wire reinforcement, referto 11.6 if alternate s
24、teel designs utilizing steel bars, Grade 60,420, in conjunction with or in lieu of welded wire reinforcement areto be submitted for the owners approval. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall be allowed to consist of welded wirereinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to either
25、Specification A615/A615M, Grade 60. 420, or SpecificationA706/A706M, Grade 420.6.6 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe box section dimensions, compressive strength o
26、f the concrete, and reinforcement details shall be asprescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 and Figs. 1-4, subject to the provisions of Section 11. Table 1 sections are designed for combinedearth dead load andAASHTO HS20 live load conditions. Table 2 sections are designed for combined earth dead load and
27、interstatelive load conditions when the interstate live loading exceeds the HS20 live loading. Criteria used to develop Tables 1 and 2 aregiven in Appendix X1.NOTE 2The tabular designs in this specification were prepared according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 1997 Edition.7
28、.2 Modified and Special Designs for Monolithic StructuresThe manufacturer shall request approval by the purchaser ofmodified designs which differ from the designs in Section 7.1, or special designs for sizes and loads other than those shown inTables 1 and 2. When spans are required that exceed those
29、 prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2, the design shall be based on the criteriagiven in Appendix X1. In addition, the span shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflection as given in Section 8.9of AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (latest edition).NOTE 3Construction pro
30、cedures, such as heavy equipment movement or stockpiling of material over or adjacent to a box structure, can induce higherloads than those used for the structures final design. These construction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steel areas in the box arelarger than those the b
31、ox will experience in the final installation condition. The design engineer should take into consideration the potential for higherC1433M 152loads induced by construction procedures in determining the final design of the box structure.7.3 Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of concrete over the circ
32、umferential reinforcement shall be 25 mm, subject to theprovisions of Section 11. The inside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the joint and the outsidecircumferential reinforcement shall extend into the groove portion of the joint. The clear distance of the end c
33、ircumferential wiresshall be not less than 13 mm nor more than 50 mm from the ends of the box section. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizingany combination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement. Multiple layers shall not be separated by more thanFIG. 1 Typical Box SectionsFI
34、G. 2 Section A-A Top and Bottom Slab Joint ReinforcementFIG. 3 Detail Inner ReinforcementC1433M 153the thickness of one longitudinal wire plus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All otherspecification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placem
35、ent in the wall of the box section shall apply to this methodof fabricating a reinforcement cage. A common reinforcement unit may be utilized for both As2 (or As3) and As4, and also for bothAs7 (or As8) and As1, with the largest area requirement governing, bending the reinforcement at the corners an
36、d waiving theextension requirements of Fig. 3 (see Fig. 5). When a single cage of multiple circumferential steel areas is used for As2 (or As3)and As4 reinforcement, the slab or wall requiring the larger steel area shall have this additional circumferential steel extending forthe full length of the
37、slab or wall. The welded-wire reinforcement shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wiresmeeting the spacing requirements of 7.4 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the box section tomaintain the shape and position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distributi
38、on reinforcement may be welded-wire reinforcement ordeformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.4. The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcementshall not be more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, an
39、d spacers usedto position the reinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.7.4 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap measuredbetween the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet shall not be less than the spacin
40、g of the longitudinal wiresplus 50 mm but not less than 250 mm. If As1 is extended to the middle of either slab and connected, welded splices are notprohibited in the connection. When used, As7 and As8 shall be lapped with As1 as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 (see also Fig. 7 and Fig.8). If welds are made
41、to circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not lessthan 450 mm apart along the longitudinal axis of the box section. Also, when spacers are welded to circumferential wires, theyshall be welded only to these selected circumferential wires. The
42、re shall be no welding to other circumferential wires, except itis not prohibited for As4 to be lapped and welded at any location or connected by welding at the corners to As2 and As3. No weldsshall be made to As2 or As3 circumferential wires in the middle third of the span (see Fig. 9 for welding r
43、estrictions). Whendistribution reinforcement is to be fastened to a cage by welding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires and only near theends of the box section. If welds are made to Grade 420 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706MFIG. 4 Detail Option (see
44、Fig. 3)FIG. 5 Detailed Reinforcement ArrangementC1433M 154shall be used. The spacing center to center of the circumferential wires shall not be less than 50 mm nor more than 100 mm. Thespacing center to center of the longitudinal wires shall not be more than 200 mm.8. Joints8.1 The precast reinforce
45、d concrete box sections shall be produced with tongue and groove ends. The ends shall be of suchdesign and the ends of the box sections so formed that the sections can be laid together to make a continuous line of box sectionscompatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.FIG. 6 Deta
46、il OptionFIG. 7 Alternate DetailFIG. 8 Alternate DetailC1433M 1558.2 Joints shallmay conform to the requirements of either Specification C990 or , Specification C1677. , or other establishedjoint type as approved by the owner including, but not limited to, mortar, sealant, or fabric-wrapped joints.
47、For joints conformingto Specification C1677, the elastomeric (gasket) material shall conform togasket shall be in accordance with Specification C1619Class C requirements. Gaskets which require oil resistant properties, Class C requirements or for oil-resistant properties, the gasketshall meet Class
48、D requirements.8.3 Outer cage circumferential reinforcement as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 shall be placed in the top and bottom slabs at the grooveportion of the joint when As1 is not continuous over the span. The minimum area of such reinforcement in square millimeters perlinear meter of box section le
49、ngth shall be the same as the areas specified for As4 in Tables 1 and 2.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materialsand water as will produce a thoroughly-mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and designrequirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less
