1、Designation: C1433M 16aC1433M 16bStandard Specification forPrecast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections forCulverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1433M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box s
3、ections cast monolithically and intended to be used forthe construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C1433.NOTE 1This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification.
4、 However, standard designs are included and the criteria usedto develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section,bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specification
5、s. The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sectionsspecified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified and providefor inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
6、2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
7、C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
8、for ConcreteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Co
9、al Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preforme
10、d Flexible Joint SealantsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1619 Specification for Elastomeric
11、Seals for Joining Concrete StructuresC1675 Practice for Installation of Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and SewersC1677 Specification for Joints for Concrete Box, Using Rubber Gaskets2.2 AASHTO Standards:3Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges1 Th
12、is specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2016. Published February 2016November 2016. Originally
13、approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asC1433M 16.C1433M 16a. DOI: 10.1520/C1433M-16A.10.1520/C1433M-16B.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, re
14、fer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an AS
15、TM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published
16、 by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced co
17、ncrete box sections manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be one of two typesidentified in Tables 1 and 2, and shall be designated by type, span, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the box sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be
18、 determined by the results of the concretecompressive strength tests described in Section 1011, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspection ofthe finished box sections.5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this s
19、pecification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures ifused, and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement sh
20、all conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portlan
21、d pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe
22、 combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-lime
23、stone cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, and slag cement,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone, slag cement, and fly ash, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall con
24、form to Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemic
25、al admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M. Circumferential reinforcem
26、ent areas in Tables 1 and 2 are based solely on the use of welded wire reinforcement, referto 11.612.6 if alternate steel designs utilizing steel bars, Grade 420, in conjunction with or in lieu of welded wire reinforcementare to be submitted for the owners approval. Longitudinal distribution reinfor
27、cement shall be allowed to consist of welded wirereinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to either Specification A615/A615M, Grade 420, or SpecificationA706/A706M, Grade 420.6.6 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in
28、 concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type 1) designed andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall beaccepted.6.7 WaterWater used in the prod
29、uction of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe box section dimensions, compressive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement details shall be asprescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 and Figs. 1-4, subject t
30、o the provisions of Section 1112. Table 1 sections are designed for combinedC1433M 16b2earth dead load andAASHTO HS20 live load conditions. Table 2 sections are designed for combined earth dead load and interstatelive load conditions when the interstate live loading exceeds the HS20 live loading. Cr
31、iteria used to develop Tables 1 and 2 aregiven in Appendix X1.NOTE 2The tabular designs in this specification were prepared according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 1997 Edition.7.2 Modified and Special Designs for Monolithic StructuresThe manufacturer shall request approval
32、by the purchaser ofmodified designs which differ from the designs in Section 7.1, or special designs for sizes and loads other than those shown inTables 1 and 2. When spans are required that exceed those prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2, the design shall be based on the criteriaFIG. 1 Typical Box Se
33、ctionsFIG. 2 Section A-A Top and Bottom Slab Joint ReinforcementFIG. 3 Detail Inner ReinforcementC1433M 16b3given in Appendix X1. In addition, the span shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflection as given in Section 8.9of AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (latest
34、 edition).NOTE 3Construction procedures, such as heavy equipment movement or stockpiling of material over or adjacent to a box structure, can induce higherloads than those used for the structures final design. These construction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steel areas in th
35、e box arelarger than those the box will experience in the final installation condition. The design engineer should take into consideration the potential for higherloads induced by construction procedures in determining the final design of the box structure.7.3 Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of
36、concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 25 mm, subject to theprovisions of Section 1112. The inside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the joint and theoutside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the groove portion of the joint. The cle
37、ar distance of the end circumferentialwires shall be not less than 13 mm nor more than 50 mm from the ends of the box section. Reinforcement shall be assembledutilizing any combination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement. Multiple layers shall not be separated by morethan the t
38、hickness of one longitudinal wire plus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage. Allother specification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement in the wall of the box section shall apply to thismethod of fabricating a reinforcement cage. A comm
39、on reinforcement unit may be utilized for both As2 (or As3) and As4, and alsofor both As7 (or As8) and As1, with the largest area requirement governing, bending the reinforcement at the corners and waivingthe extension requirements of Fig. 3 (see Fig. 5). When a single cage of multiple circumferenti
40、al steel areas is used forAs2 (orAs3)and As4 reinforcement, the slab or wall requiring the larger steel area shall have this additional circumferential steel extending forthe full length of the slab or wall. The welded-wire reinforcement shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wiresmee
41、ting the spacing requirements of 7.4 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the box section tomaintain the shape and position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded-wire reinforcement ordeformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing
42、requirements of 7.4. The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcementshall not be more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers usedto position the reinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.FIG. 4 Detail Option (see F
43、ig. 3)FIG. 5 Detailed Reinforcement ArrangementC1433M 16b47.4 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap measuredbetween the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet shall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal
44、 wiresplus 50 mm but not less than 250 mm. If As1 is extended to the middle of either slab and connected, welded splices are notprohibited in the connection. When used, As7 and As8 shall be lapped with As1 as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 (see also Fig. 7 and Fig.8). If welds are made to circumferential re
45、inforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not lessthan 450 mm apart along the longitudinal axis of the box section. Also, when spacers are welded to circumferential wires, theyshall be welded only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no weldin
46、g to other circumferential wires, except itis not prohibited for As4 to be lapped and welded at any location or connected by welding at the corners to As2 and As3. No weldsshall be made to As2 or As3 circumferential wires in the middle third of the span (see Fig. 9 for welding restrictions). Whendis
47、tribution reinforcement is to be fastened to a cage by welding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires and only near theends of the box section. If welds are made to Grade 420 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706Mshall be used. The spacing center to center of
48、the circumferential wires shall not be less than 50 mm nor more than 100 mm. Thespacing center to center of the longitudinal wires shall not be more than 200 mm.8. Installation8.1 The successful performance of this product depends upon proper installation as the soil/structure interaction is conside
49、redin the design. The effects of this interaction are highlighted in Note 1 and Note 3. The precast reinforced concrete box section/soilsystem shall be constructed to conform to Practice C1675 for the installation conditions assumed for design and in accordance withthe dimensions and requirements specified or shown on the plans. The tabular steel designs in this Standard assume compactedsidefill. See Appendix X1 for additional details on design assumptions used to develop the design tables.9. Joints9.1 The precast reinforced concrete box sections shall b
