1、Designation: C 1439 08Standard Test Methods forEvaluating Polymer Modifiers in Mortar and Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods provide a means of determining theeffect of adding polymer modifiers to reference concrete ormortar.1.2 Most s
3、ections of ASTM test methods and practices forhydraulic cement mortar and concrete apply to the preparationand testing of specimens made with polymer-modifiers. How-ever, there are some exceptions, most notably curing, that needspecial procedures in order to develop the properties inherentwith polym
4、er-modification. These test methods cover theseexceptions.1.3 For testing polymer-modified mortar and concrete speci-mens, the procedures in this standard supersede those in thereferenced ASTM test methods and practices. These testmethods are not applicable to dry, packaged mortar andconcrete.1.4 Th
5、e values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
6、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 109/C 109M Test Method for Co
7、mpressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC 138/C 138M Test
8、Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 185 Test Method for Air C
9、ontent of Hydraulic CementMortarC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of
10、Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 778 Specification for Standard SandC 1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concre
11、tesAbility to Resist Chloride Ion PenetrationC 1404/C 1404M Test Method for Bond Strength of Adhe-sive Systems Used With Concrete as Measured by DirectTensionC 1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC 1438 Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modi-fiers for Hydraulic Cement Concre
12、te and Mortar3. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are used to develop data for com-parison with the requirements of Specification C 1438. Stan-dardized procedures are used to compare the properties ofspecimens made from test mixtures of polymer-modified con-crete or mortar with the properti
13、es of specimens made fromreference mixtures. These test methods are not intended tosimulate job conditions.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and ConcreteAggregates and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.44 on Polymer-Modified Concrete and M
14、ortarsCurrent edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 1439 99(2008).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
15、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Materials4.1 polymer
16、 modifierthe polymer modifier of the requiredtype as furnished by the supplier.4.2 antifoam agentantifoam agent of the type recom-mended by the manufacturer, if one is not incorporated in thepolymer modifier.4.3 cementportland cement conforming to SpecificationC 150; if necessary, blend into a singl
17、e lot prior to test. Usesame lot for both test and reference mixtures.4.4 aggregatesfine and coarse aggregates for concreteconforming to Specification C33; if necessary, blend each intoa single lot prior to test. Use same lot for both test andreference mixtures.4.5 graded sandsand for mortar mixture
18、s conforming toSpecification C 778; if necessary, blend into a single lot priorto test. Use same lot for both test and reference mixtures.5. Proportioning of Concrete and Mortar Mixtures5.1 Concrete Mixture ProportioningMake the test andreference concrete with proportions similar to those shown fora
19、 nominal cubic-meter batch.5.1.1 Test ConcreteMake the test concrete conforming tothe following requirements:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 6 3Fine aggregateA975 6 6Coarse aggregate #8A780 6 6Polymer ModifierBAntifoam agentCPotable waterDASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Method
20、s C 127 and C 128.BThe level recommended by the manufacturer.CIf the polymer modifier does not contain an antifoam agent, add the type anddosage recommended by the manufacturer, to the polymer modifier prior to mixingthe concrete.DThe amount of water to give a slump of 90 6 15 mm.5.1.2 Reference Con
21、creteMake the reference concreteconforming to the following requirements:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 6 3Fine aggregateA975 6 6Coarse aggregate #8A780 6 6Air-entraining admixtureBPotable waterCASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 127 and C 128.BThe amount of air-entrai
22、ning admixture, meeting Specification C 260,togivean air content within 2 % of the test concrete and not exceeding 7.0 %.CThe amount of water to give a slump of 90 6 15 mm.5.2 Mortar Mixture Proportioning:5.2.1 Test MortarMake the test mortar conforming to thefollowing proportions:Parts by Mass, kgP
23、ortland cement 100 6 2Graded sandA275 6 10Polymer modifierBAntifoam agentCPotable waterDASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 128.BThe level recommended by the manufacturer.CIf the polymer modifier does not contain an antifoam agent, add the type anddosage recommended by the ma
24、nufacturer, to the polymer modifier prior to mixingthe mortar.DThe amount of water that produces a flow of 105 to 115 % when testedaccording to Test Method C 1437.5.2.2 Reference MortarMake the reference mortar con-forming to the following proportions:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 100 6 2Graded s
25、andA275 6 10Air-entraining admixtureBPotable waterCASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 128.BThe amount of air-entraining admixture, meeting Specification C 260,togivean air content that is within 2 % of the test mortar and not exceeding 12.0 %.CAmount of water that produces a
26、 flow of 105 to 115 % when tested accordingto Test Method C 1437.6. Procedure6.1 GeneralMix concretes and mortars in mechanicalmixers in batches of such size as to leave about 10 % excessafter molding test specimens and testing the unhardenedmixtures.6.2 TemperatureBefore mixing the concrete or mort
27、ar,bring the materials to a uniform temperature, as described inPractice C 192/C 192M for concrete and Test Method C 109/C 109M for mortar.6.3 Polymer ModifierStore the polymer modifier in a dryplace, in moisture-proof containers. Mix the polymer modifierthoroughly before use to ensure uniformity.6.
28、4 Reference Concrete and MortarPrepare referenceconcrete or mortar in compliance with Practice C 192/C 192Mor Test Method C 109/C 109M, respectively.NOTE 1For trial batches to establish the amounts of water andair-entraining admixture to achieve the specified fresh properties, it ispermissible to ad
29、d these ingredients in increments and remix the batches.With the first increment of water and air-entraining admixture, if appli-cable, follow the mixing procedures specified in the previous section. Ifthe slump, or flow, or air content is less than required, add additional wateror air-entraining ad
30、mixture and remix the batch. For mortar mixtures,remix at slow speed for 30 s. For concrete, remix the batch for 1 min.Remixing is permitted as often as necessary, provided the elapsed timefrom the start of initial mixing to the completion of mixing does notexceed 30 min. Cover the mixer to minimize
31、 evaporation when tests offresh properties are being performed. These are trial batches only and arenot to be used for testing.6.5 Test MortarFor mixing test mortar, follow PracticeC 305, with the following changes:6.5.1 For Latex Polymer Modifiers:6.5.1.1 Place all the polymer modifier (with antifo
32、am agent,as required) and mixing water in the bowl.6.5.1.2 Add the cement to the bowl; start the mixer and mixat the slow speed (140 6 5 r/min) for 30 s.6.5.2 For Powder Polymer Modifiers:6.5.2.1 Blend all the polymer modifier (with antifoam agent,as required) and cement, within1hofmixing the mortar
33、.6.5.2.2 Place the water in the bowl.6.5.2.3 Add the cement/polymer modifier blend to thewater; start the mixer and mix at the slow speed (140 6 5r/min) for 30 s6.6 Test ConcreteFor mixing test concrete, follow Prac-tice C 192/C 192M, with the following changes:6.6.1 For Latex Polymer ModifiersPrior
34、 to starting rota-tion of the mixer, add the coarse aggregate, polymer modifier,and approximately half of the water. Rotate the mixer a fewrevolutions, then add the fine aggregate, cement and remainingC1439082water. Mix the concrete for 3 min, followed by a 1 minute rest,followed by 1 min final mixi
35、ng. Cover the open end of themixer during the rest period to prevent evaporation. Takeprecautions to compensate for mortar retained by the mixer sothat the discharged batch, as used, will be correctly propor-tioned (see Note 2).6.6.2 For Powder Polymer ModifiersBlend all the poly-mer modifier (with
36、antifoam agent, as required) and cement,within1hofmixing the concrete. Prior to starting rotation ofthe mixer, add the coarse aggregate and approximately half ofthe water. Rotate the mixer a few revolutions, then add the fineaggregate, cement/polymer modifier blend, and remainingwater. Mix the concr
37、ete for 3 min, followed by a 1 min rest,followed by 1 min final mixing. Cover the open end of themixer during the rest period to prevent evaporation. Takeprecautions to compensate for mortar retained by the mixer sothat the discharged batch, as used, will be correctly propor-tioned (see Note 2).NOTE
38、 2It is difficult to recover all of the mortar from mixers. Tocompensate for this difficulty one of the following procedures may be usedto ensure the correct final proportions in the batch:(1) “Buttering the Mixer”Just prior to mixing the test batch, themixer is “buttered” by mixing a batch proporti
39、oned to simulate closely thetest batch. The mortar adhering to the mixer after discharging is intendedto compensate for loss of mortar from the test batch.(2) “Over-Mortaring” the MixtureThe test mixture is proportionedby the use of an excess mortar, the amount established in advance, tocompensate f
40、or that which, on the average, adheres to the mixer. In thiscase the mixer is cleaned before mixing the test batch.7. Tests of Freshly Mixed Concrete and Mortar7.1 ConcretesTest samples of the freshly mixed concretein accordance with the following methods:7.1.1 SlumpTest Method C 143/C 143M.7.1.2 Ai
41、r ContentTest Method C 173/C 173M or C 231.7.1.3 Unit WeightTest Method C 138/C 138M.7.1.4 Time of SettingTest Method C 403/C 403M.7.2 MortarsTest samples of the freshly mixed mortar inaccordance with the following methods:7.2.1 FlowTest Method C 1437.7.2.2 Unit WeightTest Method C 185.7.2.3 Time of
42、 SettingTest Method C 403/C 403M.7.2.4 Air Content.7.2.5 Test Mortar:7.2.5.1 Mass per 400 mL of Test MortarWhen the quan-tity of mixing water has been found that produces a flow of 105to 115 %, immediately determine the mass per 400 mL ofmortar, following the procedures in Test Method C 185.7.2.5.2
43、Air Content CalculationCalculate the air contentof the test mortar using the following formulas, which arebased on the assumption that the specific gravities of theportland cement and sand are 3.15 and 2.65, respectively:air content, volume % 5 100 1Wa/ Wc! (1)whereWa= measured density of test morta
44、r, g/mL,= Wt/400, where Wtis the mass in grams of 400 mL ofthe test mortar,Wc= theoretical mass per unit volume, calculated on anair-free basis as follows:5100 1 275 1 L 1 A 1 D1003.1512752.651LSL1ASA1D1.0(2)where:L = mass of polymer modifier (includes water), g/100 gcement,SL= specific gravity of p
45、olymer modifier,A = mass of antifoam agent, g/100 g cement,SA= specific gravity of antifoam agent, andD = mass of water added, g/100 g cement.7.2.6 Reference Mortar:7.2.6.1 Mass per 400 mL of Reference MortarWhen thequantity of mixing water has been found that produces a flowof 105 to 115 %, immedia
46、tely determine the mass per 400 mLof mortar, following the procedures in Test Method C 185.7.2.6.2 Air Content CalculationCalculate the air contentof the reference mortar using the following formulas, which arebased on the assumption that the specific gravities of theportland cement and sand are 3.1
47、5 and 2.65, respectively:Air content, volume % 5 100 1 Wa/ Wc! (3)where:Wa= measured density of reference mortar, g/mL,=Wr/400, where Wris the mass in grams of 400 mL ofthe reference mortar,Wc= theoretical mass per unit volume, calculated on anair-free basis as follows:100 1 275 1 AE 1 D1003.1512752
48、.651AESAE1D1.0(4)where:AE = mass of air-entraining admixture, g/100 g cement,SAE= specific gravity of air-entraining admixture, andD = mass of water added, g/100 g cement.8. Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Prepare test specimens, from at least three separatebatches of the mixtures being tested, acc
49、ording to the proce-dures in the test methods prescribed in Section 9. Threereplicates shall be required for each test, except for TestMethod C 1202, for which two replicates are acceptable.Complete the preparation of all specimens within three days.8.2 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensVisually examine eachspecimen before testing. Do not test any specimen found to bemanifestly faulty by such examination. Visually examine allspecimens after testing, and discard the test result of anyspecimen found to be manifestly faulty. Should more than onespecim
