1、Designation: C1439 08aC1439 13Standard Test Methods forEvaluating Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers in Mortarand Concretefor use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete andMortar1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofor
2、iginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods provide a means of determining the effect
3、 of adding polymer modifiers to reference concrete or mortar.1.2 Most sections of ASTM test methods and practices for hydraulic cement mortar and concrete apply to the preparation andtesting of specimens made with polymer-modifiers. However, there are some exceptions, most notably curing, that need
4、specialprocedures in order to develop the properties inherent with polymer-modification. These test methods cover these exceptions.1.3 For testing polymer-modified mortar and concrete specimens, the procedures in this standard supersede those in thereferenced ASTM test methods and practices. These t
5、est methods are not applicable to dry, packaged mortar and concrete.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
6、 It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged ex
7、posure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C127 Test Metho
8、d for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test M
9、ethod for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement MortarC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in t
10、he LaboratoryC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Co
11、ncrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC778 Specification for SandC1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
12、 Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.44on Polymer-Modified Concrete and MortarsCurrent edition approved Sept. 1, 2008Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 20082013. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asC1439 08.C1439 08a. D
13、OI: 10.1520/C1439-08A.10.1520/C1439-13.2 Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
14、 Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically pos
15、sible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCo
16、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1404/C1404M Test Method for Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems Used With Concrete as Measured by Direct Tension(Withdrawn 2010)4C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1438 S
17、pecification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar3. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C1438. Standardizedprocedures are used to compare the properties of specimens made f
18、rom test mixtures of polymer-modified concrete or mortar withthe properties of specimens made from reference mixtures. These test methods are not intended to simulate job conditions.4. Materials4.1 polymer modifierthe polymer modifier of the required type as furnished by the supplier.4.2 antifoam ag
19、entantifoam agent of the type recommended by the manufacturer, if one is not incorporated in the polymermodifier.4.3 cementportland cement conforming to Specification C150; if necessary, blend into a single lot prior to test. Use same lotfor both test and reference mixtures.4.4 aggregatesfine and co
20、arse aggregates for concrete conforming to Specification C33; if necessary, blend each into a singlelot prior to test. Use same lot for both test and reference mixtures.4.5 graded sandsand for mortar mixtures conforming to Specification C778; if necessary, blend into a single lot prior to test.Use s
21、ame lot for both test and reference mixtures.5. Proportioning of Concrete and Mortar Mixtures5.1 Concrete Mixture ProportioningMake the test and reference concrete with proportions similar to those shown for anominal cubic-meter batch.5.1.1 Test ConcreteMake the test concrete conforming to the follo
22、wing requirements:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 3Fine aggregateA 975 6Coarse aggregate #8A 780 6Polymer Modifier BAntifoam agent CPotable water DParts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 3Fine aggregateA 975 6Coarse aggregate #8A 780 6Polymer Modifier BAntifoam agent CPotable water DA Saturated-su
23、rface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C127 and C128.B The level recommended by the manufacturer.C If the polymer modifier does not contain an antifoam agent, add the type and dosage recommended by the manufacturer, to the polymer modifier prior to mixing theconcrete.D The amount of water to g
24、ive a slump of 90 15 mm.5.1.2 Reference ConcreteMake the reference concrete conforming to the following requirements:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 3Fine aggregateA 975 6Coarse aggregate #8A 780 6Air-entraining admixture BPotable water CParts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 3Fine aggregateA 975
25、 6Coarse aggregate #8A 780 6Air-entraining admixture BPotable water CA Saturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C127 and C128.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.C1439 132B The amount of air-entraining admixture, meeting Specification
26、 C260, to give an air content within 2 % of the test concrete and not exceeding 7.0 %.C The amount of water to give a slump of 90 15 mm.5.2 Mortar Mixture Proportioning:5.2.1 Test MortarMake the test mortar conforming to the following proportions:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 100 2Graded sandA 27
27、5 10Polymer modifier BAntifoam agent CPotable water DParts by Mass, kgPortland cement 100 2Graded sandA 275 10Polymer modifier BAntifoam agent CPotable water DA Saturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C128.B The level recommended by the manufacturer.C If the polymer modifier does no
28、t contain an antifoam agent, add the type and dosage recommended by the manufacturer, to the polymer modifier prior to mixing themortar.D The amount of water that produces a flow of 105 to 115 % when tested according to Test Method C1437.5.2.2 Reference MortarMake the reference mortar conforming to
29、the following proportions:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 100 2Graded sandA 275 10Air-entraining admixture BPotable water CParts by Mass, kgPortland cement 100 2Graded sandA 275 10Air-entraining admixture BPotable water CA Saturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C128.B The amount o
30、f air-entraining admixture, meeting Specification C260, to give an air content that is within 2 % of the test mortar and not exceeding 12.0 %.C Amount of water that produces a flow of 105 to 115 % when tested according to Test Method C1437.6. Procedure6.1 GeneralMix concretes and mortars in mechanic
31、al mixers in batches of such size as to leave about 10 % excess aftermolding test specimens and testing the unhardened mixtures.6.2 TemperatureBefore mixing the concrete or mortar, bring the materials to a uniform temperature, as described in PracticeC192/C192M for concrete and Test Method C109/C109
32、M for mortar.6.3 Polymer ModifierStore the polymer modifier in a dry place, in moisture-proof containers. Mix the polymer modifierthoroughly before use to ensure uniformity.6.4 Reference Concrete and MortarPrepare reference concrete or mortar in compliance with Practice C192/C192M or TestMethod C109
33、/C109M, respectively.NOTE 1For trial batches to establish the amounts of water and air-entraining admixture to achieve the specified fresh properties, it is permissible toadd these ingredients in increments and remix the batches. With the first increment of water and air-entraining admixture, if app
34、licable, follow the mixingprocedures specified in the previous section. If the slump, or flow, or air content is less than required, add additional water or air-entraining admixtureand remix the batch. For mortar mixtures, remix at slow speed for 30 s. For concrete, remix the batch for 1 min. Remixi
35、ng is permitted as often asnecessary, provided the elapsed time from the start of initial mixing to the completion of mixing does not exceed 30 min. Cover the mixer to minimizeevaporation when tests of fresh properties are being performed. These are trial batches only and are not to be used for test
36、ing.6.5 Test MortarFor mixing test mortar, follow Practice C305, with the following changes:6.5.1 For Latex Polymer Modifiers:6.5.1.1 Place all the polymer modifier (with antifoam agent, as required) and mixing water in the bowl.6.5.1.2 Add the cement to the bowl; start the mixer and mix at the slow
37、 speed (140 6 5 r/min) for 30 s.6.5.2 For Powder Polymer Modifiers:6.5.2.1 Blend all the polymer modifier (with antifoam agent, as required) and cement, within 1 h of mixing the mortar.6.5.2.2 Place the water in the bowl.6.5.2.3 Add the cement/polymer modifier blend to the water; start the mixer and
38、 mix at the slow speed (140 6 5 r/min) for 30sC1439 1336.6 Test ConcreteFor mixing test concrete, follow Practice C192/C192M, with the following changes:6.6.1 For Latex Polymer ModifiersPrior to starting rotation of the mixer, add the coarse aggregate, polymer modifier, andapproximately half of the
39、water. Rotate the mixer a few revolutions, then add the fine aggregate, cement and remaining water. Mixthe concrete for 3 min, followed by a 1 minute rest, followed by 1 min final mixing. Cover the open end of the mixer during therest period to prevent evaporation. Take precautions to compensate for
40、 mortar retained by the mixer so that the discharged batch,as used, will be correctly proportioned (see Note 2).6.6.2 For Powder Polymer ModifiersBlend all the polymer modifier (with antifoam agent, as required) and cement, within1 h of mixing the concrete. Prior to starting rotation of the mixer, a
41、dd the coarse aggregate and approximately half of the water.Rotate the mixer a few revolutions, then add the fine aggregate, cement/polymer modifier blend, and remaining water. Mix theconcrete for 3 min, followed by a 1 min rest, followed by 1 min final mixing. Cover the open end of the mixer during
42、 the rest periodto prevent evaporation. Take precautions to compensate for mortar retained by the mixer so that the discharged batch, as used, willbe correctly proportioned (see Note 2).NOTE 2It is difficult to recover all of the mortar from mixers. To compensate for this difficulty one of the follo
43、wing procedures may be used to ensurethe correct final proportions in the batch:(1) “Buttering the Mixer”Just prior to mixing the test batch, the mixer is “buttered” by mixing a batch proportioned to simulate closely the test batch.The mortar adhering to the mixer after discharging is intended to co
44、mpensate for loss of mortar from the test batch.(2) “Over-Mortaring” the MixtureThe test mixture is proportioned by the use of an excess mortar, the amount established in advance, to compensatefor that which, on the average, adheres to the mixer. In this case the mixer is cleaned before mixing the t
45、est batch.7. Tests of Freshly Mixed Concrete and Mortar7.1 ConcretesTest samples of the freshly mixed concrete in accordance with the following methods:7.1.1 SlumpTest Method C143/C143M.7.1.2 Air ContentTest Method C173/C173M or C231.7.1.3 Unit WeightTest Method C138/C138M.7.1.4 Time of SettingTest
46、Method C403/C403M.7.2 MortarsTest samples of the freshly mixed mortar in accordance with the following methods:7.2.1 FlowTest Method C1437.7.2.2 Unit WeightTest Method C185.7.2.3 Time of SettingTest Method C403/C403M.7.2.4 Air Content.7.2.5 Test Mortar:7.2.5.1 Mass per 400 mL of Test MortarWhen the
47、quantity of mixing water has been found that produces a flow of 105 to115 %, immediately determine the mass per 400 mL of mortar, following the procedures in Test Method C185.7.2.5.2 Air Content CalculationCalculate the air content of the test mortar using the following formulas, which are based ont
48、he assumption that the specific gravities of the portland cement and sand are 3.15 and 2.65, respectively:air content,volume %5100 12Wa/Wc! (1)whereWa = measured density of test mortar, g/mL,= Wt/400, where Wt is the mass in grams of 400 mL of the test mortar,Wc = theoretical mass per unit volume, c
49、alculated on anair-free basis as follows:5 10012751L1A1D1003.1512752.651LSL1ASA1D1.0(2)where:L = mass of polymer modifier (includes water), g/100 g cement,SL = specific gravity of polymer modifier,A = mass of antifoam agent, g/100 g cement,SA = specific gravity of antifoam agent, andD = mass of water added, g/100 g cement.7.2.6 Reference Mortar:7.2.6.1 Mass per 400 mL of Reference MortarWhen the quantity of mixing water has been found that produces a flow of 105to 115 %, immediately determine th
