1、Designation: C1459 04 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forPerformance of Non-Asbestos Fiber-Reinforced CementShake, Shingle, and Slate Roofing Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1459; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the performance of non-asbestos, fiber-reinfor
3、ced cement shake, shingle, and slateroofing systems that are of uniform or nonuniform thicknessand texture.1.2 This specification does not include details of productinstallation and workmanship. The manufacturers installationinstructions shall be referred to for details such as slope,interlayment, u
4、nderlayment, sheathing requirements, exposure,fasteners, and repair or replacement instructions.1.3 This specification does not address requirements forindividual shake, shingle, and slate products, which are cov-ered in Specification C1225 and C1530.1.4 The tests contained in this specification are
5、 intended asqualification tests for a roofing system. Changes in productformulation, design, or manufacturing process beyond theranges allowed in the manufacturers quality controlspecifications, shall require subsequent system retesting orwritten concurrence by an independent testing agency that the
6、changes in formulation, design, or manufacturing process willnot be detrimental to system performance.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not con
7、sidered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to us
8、e.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1154 Terminology for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Reinforced Ce-ment ProductsC1185 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Flat Sheet, Roofing and SidingShingles, and ClapboardsC1225 Specification for Fiber-Cement Roofing Shingles,Shakes, a
9、nd SlatesC1530 Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Roof-ing Shakes, Shingles, and Slates with Designed VaryingProfiles and ThicknessesE108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C1154.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification addres
10、ses key performance aspects offiber-reinforced cement roofing systems. Aspects of perfor-mance such as aesthetics, hail resistance, wind resistance,wind-driven rain resistance, and items referenced in 1.2 are notaddressed in this specification. Additional properties, whichmay influence system perfor
11、mance, are addressed in Specifi-cations C1225 and C1530.5. Performance Requirements5.1 Installed Strength TestThe failure loads for the equi-librium and wet specimens shall be as required in Table 1 whentested in accordance with Section 6.5.2 Installed Weight TestDetermine the weight in accor-dance
12、with Section 7.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.02 on Non-Asbestos Fiber Cement Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 2000. La
13、st previous edition approved in 2009 as C1459 04 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/C1459-04R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
14、 onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 Accelerated Aging (Wet/Dry Cycling Test)There shallbe no signs of additional damage or cracking when examinedunder 5 magnification, and the ratio of strength (R)
15、shall be atleast 0.90, when tested in accordance with Section 8.5.4 Accelerated Aging (Heat/Rain Test)Report any dam-age or structural alteration caused by the effect of stressesaround the fasteners that attach the fiber-reinforced cementproducts when tested in accordance with the section onHeat/Rai
16、n Roof Structures in Test Methods C1185.5.5 Fire-Resistant Roof TestWhere a specified level ofinstalled roofing system fire resistance is required, testing shallbe conducted in accordance with Test Methods E108 with theresults reported in accordance with the provisions describedwithin this specifica
17、tion.6. Strength Test Method6.1 Significance and UseThis test method simulates staticflexural loads.6.2 Preparation of Test Specimens:6.2.1 Test Specimen ConstructionFor each specimen builda test deck of nominal 2 by 4-in. (50 by 100-mm) runnersspaced a minimum of 16 in. (400 mm) on center. Installn
18、ominal 1 by 6-in. (25 by 150-mm) sheathing boards across therunners; provide 512-in. (140-mm) spaces between the sheath-ing boards. Solid sheathing is permitted to replace the spacedsheathing boards when testing roofing products which arelimited to installation over solid sheathing. Solid sheathingm
19、aterial shall be as specified in the manufacturers publishedinstallation instructions. Roofing products (a minimum of 3courses) are to be installed on the sheathing in a manneridentical to field practices, with maximum weather exposureand side spacing (keyway). The tested assembly is permitted toinc
20、lude underlayment or interlayment, or both, fasteners, andstarter course or cant strip. The maximum width of the testspecimen is not limited.6.2.2 Conditioning:6.2.2.1 EquilibriumPlace fully constructed specimens in acontrolled atmosphere of 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5%relative humidity for 72 h in
21、 such a way that all faces areadequately ventilated. When the test specimens are removedfrom the controlled environment for testing, the testing shall beperformed within 30 min.6.2.2.2 WetImmerse fully constructed specimens in waterat a temperature of 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) for not less than 48h. Test th
22、e specimens within 30 min of removal from water.6.3 Test Procedure:6.3.1 Load test specimens at the mid-span of the roofingproducts between the spaced sheathing by a nominal 2 by 4-in.(50 by 100-mm) by 12-in. (300-mm) long wood loading beamplaced with the nominal 4-in. width in contact with thespeci
23、men surface. Laterally, center the loading beam on theroof covering unit width or on the keyway between roofingproducts whichever, at the discretion of the testing laboratory,will yield lower values. Report tested locations. See Fig. 1.TABLE 1 Failure LoadsProduct Type Minimum Load, lbf (N)Condition
24、ed ImmersedAverageAIndividualBAverageAIndividualBInitial Ultimate Initial Ultimate Initial Ultimate Initial UltimateFlat shake,shingle, or slate225 (1k) 300 (1.33k) 200 (0.89k) 250 (1.11k) 215 (0.96k) 250 (1.11k) 200 (0.89k) 225 (1k)AAverage value of five consecutive tests.BMinimum individual test v
25、alue.FIG. 1 Test SpecimenC1459 04 (2014)26.3.2 An optional dampening pad is permitted to be placedbetween the loading beam and the test specimen. The damp-ening pad shall be maximum12-in. (12-mm) thick felt, foamrubber, flexible urethane foam, or other suitable material.6.3.3 Conduct five loading te
26、sts, in which each load shall beapplied to roofing products which have not yet been tested.6.3.4 Apply the load with a self-aligning fixture at a uniformrate between 200 and 500 lb (90 and 225 kg)/min. Record theinitial fracture and ultimate loads to the nearest 5 lb (2.25 kg).6.4 Report:6.4.1 Repor
27、t the average of five initial fracture loads andfive ultimate loads for each condition, equilibrium and wet,with a description of the failure.6.4.2 Use a strip chart recorder, X-Y plotter, or other suitablerecording device to provide a graph distinguishing betweeninitial fracture and ultimate loads.
28、6.4.3 Report the specimen age (in days) at time of installedstrength testing.6.5 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about eitherthe precision or bias of this test method since the results merelystate whether there is conformance to the conditions ofacceptance specified in the test method.7. Inst
29、alled Weight Test Method7.1 Significance and UseThis test method is used to assessthe weight of the roof system, as a function of potentialmoisture gain associated with rainfall. Since some products cangain moisture and become heavier, this test method is used todetermine the weight of the roof syst
30、em for loading designpurposes. Products that are intended for use with a coating aretested without the coating. They are tested in this mannerbecause a test method to assess long-term durability of thecoating does not exist. In the absence of the coating, increasedmoisture gain can occur. It is this
31、 condition that is assessed bythis test method.7.2 Preparation of Test Specimens:7.2.1 Provide a suitable frame with a 3:12 pitch. Constructa test frame with metal C studs or equivalent so that theopen-spaced sheathing is installed at a maximum clear spanrecommended by the product manufacturer. The
32、test frameshall be a minimum of 40 in. (1000 mm) wide and 50 in. (1270mm) in length. Record the weight of the test frame, to thenearest14 lb (0.1 kg), and designate it (Wfi).7.2.2 Before any testing is started, confirm by appropriatemethods of analysis that there are no surface sealer treatments(of
33、any type) present on the specimens to be evaluated.7.2.3 Conditioning:7.2.3.1 Prior to installing the product on the test deck,condition the test specimens within the limits of 73 6 4F(236 2C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for 28 days.The test specimens used to construct the test deck should b
34、eseparated from each other during conditioning to allow free aircirculation around all surfaces.7.2.4 Install the conditioned product on the test frame, withmaximum weather exposure and side spacing (keyway) inaccordance with the manufacturers published installationinstructions.7.2.5 Prior to positi
35、oning the test deck for testing, place acalibration deck or other suitable panel in the test chamber forcalibrating the water intensity. The entire surface of the testdeck is to be wetted with sufficient overlap coverage so that allareas of the deck are exposed to a rainfall intensity of 6 in. (152m
36、m)/h. Use rain gages and flowmeters to calibrate the system.Furthermore, the test deck shall be divided into a 10 by 10-in.(250 by 250-mm) grid system with the rain pattern beingmeasured in each sector so as to ensure a uniform waterdistribution over the entire surface of the test deck. Maintainthe
37、temperature of the water in the line to the spray nozzle at70 6 10F (21 6 5C). After calibrating the rainfall intensity,remove the calibration panel and install the test deck.7.3 Test Procedure:7.3.1 Wetting CycleWet the deck continuously for 6 hfollowed by a 12-h rest period within the rain chamber
38、. No airmovement over the deck by fans or blowers or by any othermeans is permitted. Follow the first complete cycle with asecond 6-h wetting cycle, but do not continue with the restprocedure. Determine and record the weight of the test deckwithin 10 min after the second 6-h wetting cycle to the nea
39、rest14 lb (0.1 kg), and designate the weight as (W10).7.3.2 Drying CycleAfter determination of the wet weight,place the complete test deck assembly in a drying oven and dryuntil constant weight is obtained. Constant weight is defined aswhen two consecutive weighings, separated by2hinaconvection air
40、drying oven at 150 6 10F (66 6 5C), changeby not more than12 lb (0.2 kg). Designate dry weight as (Wfd),and record to the nearest14 lb (0.1 kg).7.4 Report:7.4.1 Report the wet installed weight and the dry installedweight where:Initial weight of the test frame = (Wfi), lb.Weight of test frame plus ro
41、ofingproduct, 10 min after completion ofthe second rain cycle=(W10), lb.Weight of test frame plus roofingproduct, after drying to constantweight=(Wfd).Test deck area = Asf,ft2.7.4.2 Calculate the wet and dry installed weight as follows:Wet installed weight, lb/ft2(10 minafter second rain cycle)5W102
42、WfiAsfdry installed weight, lb/ft25Wfd2WfiAsf7.5 Precision and BiasSince there is no accepted refer-ence material suitable for determining the bias for the proce-dure in this test method, no statement on bias is being made.8. Accelerated Aging (Wet/Dry Cycling Test Method)8.1 Significance and UseThi
43、s test method evaluates theeffect of induced wet/dry stresses around the fasteners thatattach the fiber-reinforced cement products.8.2 Preparation of Test SpecimensSix samples of fiber-reinforced cement roofing product shall be drawn at randomfrom the stock of finished product.8.2.1 ConditioningDivi
44、de the sampled products to formtwo sets of paired specimens and condition at 73 6 4F (23 62C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for 28 days.C1459 04 (2014)38.3 Test Procedure:8.3.1 Submit the first set of three samples (control) tosaturated flexural strength test in accordance with the sectionon Flexur
45、al Strength (Modulus of Rupture) in Test MethodsC1185.8.3.2 Install separately the second set of three samples on arigid wooden frame utilizing fasteners in accordance with themanufacturers installation instructions. Examine the fastenerarea under 5 magnification to determine the extent of damage.8.
46、3.3 Subject the specimens to 50 cycles of immersion for24 h in water at 68 6 4F (21 6 2C) followed by 24 h in aforced-air oven at 158 6 5F (70 6 2C). Each cyclecomprises 24 h in the water followed by 24 h in the oven.8.3.4 At the conclusion of the 50 cycles, examine thefastener area under 5 magnific
47、ation to determine the extent ofany additional damage and submit the second set of threesamples to saturated flexural strength test in accordance withTest Methods Section 5 of Test Methods C1185.8.4 Calculation and Report:8.4.1 Calculate and report the percent of the strength aver-aged for the set u
48、ndergoing wet/dry cycles (Wda)tothestrength averaged for the control or reference set (Wdr).R 5 Wda/Wdr 3100 (1)8.5 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about eitherthe precision or bias of this test method since the result merelystates whether there is conformance to the criteria for successspeci
49、fied in the test method.9. Keywords9.1 fiber-cement; fiber-reinforced cement; fire-resistant;heat/rain test; installed strength; installed weight; qualificationtesting; restricted frame; roofing; shake; shingle; slate; tile;wet/dry cyclingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, ar
