1、Designation: C 147 86 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Methods forInternal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thebreaking strength of glass containers when subjected to internalpress
3、ure. These test methods are intended to determine thepressure strength of containers manufactured to contain prod-ucts reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure of138 kPa (20 psi) or greater, after processing. Two test methodsare covered as follows:SectionsTest Method AApplication of Unifo
4、rm Internal Pressure for aPredetermined Period 5-7Test Method BApplication of Internal Pressure Increasing at aPredetermined Constant Rate 8-101.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purpo
5、rt to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 22
6、4 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:C 147 Single-head hydraulic testing machine (8 blueprints)33. Sampling3.1 Methods of sampling a minimum lot from a group ofcontainers of a given type are given in Practice C 224, for thevarious situations to which it may apply.4. Precision an
7、d Bias4.1 Statements regarding either precision or bias of theinternal pressure test results are not possible because suitableinternal pressure reference test materials are not available.4.2 Test Method AThe pressure test precision is withinone half the incremental step size used at failure. Pressur
8、e testbias is generally within 61 % of full scale.4.3 Test Method BThe pressure test precision is within 61psi (7 kPa). Pressure test bias is generally within 6 % of fullscale.TEST METHOD AAPPLICATION OF UNIFORMINTERNAL PRESSURE FOR A PREDETERMINEDPERIOD5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus3shall embody the
9、 following principles:5.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a mannerthat the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from the beadof the finish.5.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member that shall actwith the sealing surface of the container to retain the pressur-izing medium du
10、ring the period of the test.5.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressure to apredetermined level at a minimum rate of 69 MPa (10 000psi)/min and of maintaining that pressure constant during theperiod of test. Applied incremental fluid pressure levels shallbe provided extending over the ra
11、nge from 0.18 MPa (25 psi)to at least 2.41 MPa (350 psi). The applied fluid pressure levelshall be reproducible to within 61 % of full scale.5.1.4 An automatically controlled timing mechanism shallbe built into the apparatus so that the container will be subjectto uniform internal pressure for a pre
12、determined period whichshall be not less than 3 s nor more than 1 min (Note 1). Theperiod of test shall be reproducible within 62%.NOTE 1For test durations between 3 s and 1 min, the actual pressure(PI) can be converted to the 1-min pressure (P60) calculated as follows:P605S7.97 1 1.53 log t10.69DPI
13、(1)where t is the duration of the test in s. For instance, the actual pressure ina 3-s test would be multiplied by 0.81 in order to be equivalent to thepressure at a test period of 1 min.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 onGlass and Glass Products and are the direc
14、t responsibility of Subcommittee C14.07on Glass Containers.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 147 76 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom
15、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Single-head automatic sustained pressure testing machine developed byAmeri-can Glass Research, Inc., Butler, PA, meets these requirements for durations
16、 greaterthan 15 s. Detailed working drawings of this machine are available from ASTMHeadquarters. An increment pressure tester developed by the same laboratory issuitable for shorter durations. Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No. ADJC0147.1Copyright ASTM International, 1
17、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Procedure6.1 Fill the containers with water or other low-densityliquid, if such is used as the medium for applying pressure.6.2 Use one of the following test procedures, dependingupon the purpose of the test:6.2.1
18、Pass TestApply the internal test pressure and hold itconstant for the predetermined time of test. This pass test,usually at a pressure 50 % greater than that reasonably ex-pected under actual conditions of use of the containers, issufficient for routine testing of samples from continuousproduction i
19、n a manufacturers plant.6.2.2 Progressive Test (to a Predetermined Percent ofBreakage)Where it may be desirable to conduct the test as ameasurement test, repeat or continue the test described in 6.2.1,increasing the pressure stepwise by uniform increments (usu-ally 172 or 335 kPa (25 or 50 psi) each
20、 step), until thepredetermined percent of containers is broken.6.2.3 Progressive Test (Total)As an alternative to theprogressive test described in 6.2.2, continue the progressivetest until all of the containers break.7. Report7.1 Report the following information:7.1.1 Report of method of sampling (s
21、ee Practice C 224),7.1.2 Number of containers from each mold included in thesample,7.1.3 Duration of the test, and7.1.4 Results of the test (use one of the following dependingon the kind of test):7.1.4.1 For the pass test in accordance with 6.2.1:(1)pressure used, and (2) number of containers that f
22、ailed in thetest.7.1.4.2 For the progressive test in accordance with 6.2.2:(1)pressure at which first failure occurred and number of contain-ers that failed at that pressure, and (2) pressure required tobreak the predetermined percent of the sample, interpolated tothe nearest 34 kPa (5 psi).7.1.4.3
23、For the progressive test in accordance with 6.2.3:(1)pressures used in the test and number of containers that failedat each pressure, and ( 2) average breaking pressure (correctedfor the size of the pressure increment by subtracting one half ofthe increment; for example, 86 kPa (12.5 psi) for 172-kP
24、a(25-psi) steps or increments).TEST METHOD BAPPLICATION OF INTERNALPRESSURE INCREASING AT A PREDETERMINEDCONSTANT RATE8. Apparatus8.1 The apparatus4shall embody the following principles:8.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a mannerthat the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from
25、 the beadof the finish.8.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member which shallact with the sealing surface of the container to retain thepressurizing medium during the period of the test.8.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressureincreasing at a predetermined constant rate until the
26、containerfails or a predetermined level is reached. The rate of increaseof pressure shall be reproducible to 62 %. Applied fluidpressure levels shall be provided over the range from 0.34 MPa(50 psi) to at least 4.07 MPa (590 psi), determinable to thenearest 0.01 MPa (or nearest integral psi unit). T
27、he appliedfluid pressure level shall be reproducible to within 61 % of fullscale.8.1.4 The apparatus shall include a means of indicating thepressure level at which the container failed or the maximumpressure reached during the test.8.1.5 If desired, the apparatus may be equipped to read outthe equiv
28、alent pressure values for an appropriate fixed-durationtest rather than actual pressures reached in the constant ratetests. When this is done, the conversion factor to be incorpo-rated in the apparatus shall be determined from actual pressuretests on appropriate samples of glass containers, and thea
29、pparatus shall clearly indicate that an equivalent pressurevalue is being used.NOTE 2For the apparatus mentioned in footnote 4, the relationshipbetween the actual pressure (PR) and the 1-min pressure (P60)isasfollows:PR5 1.38 P601 25.9 (2)9. Procedure9.1 Fill the containers with water or other low-d
30、ensityliquid, if such is used as the medium for applying pressure.9.2 Use one of the following test procedures, dependingupon the purpose of the test:9.2.1 Pass TestIncrease the internal test pressure at thepredetermined constant rate until a predetermined level ofpressure has been reached or exceed
31、ed. This pass test level,usually at a pressure 50 % greater than that reasonably ex-pected under actual conditions of use of the containers, issufficient for routine testing of samples from continuousproduction in a manufacturers plant.9.2.2 Test to DestructionWhere it may be desirable toconduct the
32、 test as a measurement test, increase the internal testpressure at the predetermined constant rate until each containerbreaks.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Report of method of sampling (see Practice C 224),10.1.2 Number of containers from each mold included inthe sample,10.1
33、.3 The rate of increase of pressure used in the tests orthe equivalent duration if the apparatus has been calibrated interms of a constant level test, and10.1.4 Results of the tests (use one of the following depend-ing on the kinds of test):10.1.4.1 For the pass test in accordance with 9.2.1, thepre
34、ssure of the pass level and number of containers that failedat or below the pass level.10.1.4.2 For the test to destruction in accordance with 9.2.2,the pressure level at which first failure occurred, and averagebreaking pressure for all containers tested.4The Ramp Pressure Tester developed byAmeric
35、an Glass Research, Inc., Butler,PA meets the requirements for this test method.C 147 86 (2005)211. Keywords11.1 glass containers; increment pressure test; internal pres-sure; 1-min pressure test; ramp pressure test; static pressure testASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
36、any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to r
37、evision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Yo
38、ur comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is cop
39、yrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 147 86 (2005)3
