1、Designation: C 1480/C 1480M 07Standard Specification forPackaged, Pre-Blended, Dry, Combined Materials for Use inWet or Dry Shotcrete Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1480/C 1480M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers laboratory performance stan-dards for pre-blend
3、ed, dry, packaged, combined materials foruse in wet or dry shotcrete applications that are delivered to apurchaser with the ingredients uniformly mixed. The use ofsupplemental materials, placement, curing, or protection of theshotcrete after delivery to the purchaser is not addressed by thisspecific
4、ation.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsshall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonconformance wit
5、h thestandard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safe
6、ty and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C 150 Specification for Portland CementC 387/C 387M Specification for P
7、ackaged, Dry, CombinedMaterials for Mortar and ConcreteC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionC 1140 Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens fromShotcrete Test PanelsC 1157 Performance Specif
8、ication for Hydraulic CementC 1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of ConcretesAbility to Resist Chloride Ion PenetrationC 1385/C 1385M Practice for Sampling Materials for Shot-creteC 1399 Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC 1436 Specification for
9、Materials for Shotcrete2.2 National Institute of Standards and Technology:Handbook 44 Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Techni-cal Requirements for Commercial Weighing Devices33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Packaged, pre-blended, dry, combined materialsfor
10、use in wet or dry shotcrete applications consist primarily ofhydraulic cement and concrete aggregates blended, in a drystate, with other ingredients to enhance one or more propertiesof the mixture.4. Classification4.1 Dry packaged shotcrete materials are categorized as totype and grade.4.1.1 Shotcre
11、te type is based on aggregate size.4.1.2 Type FA shotcrete shall contain aggregate in accor-dance with the requirements of Specification C 1436 Grading#1. Aggregates failing to comply with Grading #1 can be usedonly if preconstruction testing proves that they give satisfac-tory results or if accepta
12、ble service records are available.4.1.3 Type CA shotcrete shall contain coarse and fineaggregates in accordance with the requirements of Specifica-tion C 1436, Grading No. 2. Aggregates failing to comply withGrading #2 can be used only if preconstruction testing provesthat they give satisfactory res
13、ults or if acceptable servicerecords are available.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.46 on Shotcrete.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originallyappr
14、oved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1480 00(2005).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AS
15、TM website.3Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC204021*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
16、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Shotcrete grade is based on the desired physical prop-erties of the material.4.2.1 Grade GU shotcrete is a general use product.4.2.2 Grade SR shotcrete has sulfate resistance in accor-dance with the requirements of 7.44.2.3 Grade LP shotcrete has permea
17、bility values in accor-dance with the requirements of 7.54.2.4 Grade FR shotcrete has average residual strengthvalues in accordance with the requirements of 7.6, Type I or II.4.2.4.1 Class I shotcrete has average residual strength val-ues in accordance with the requirements of 7.6.1.4.2.4.2 Class II
18、 shotcrete has flexural strength and averageresidual strength values in accordance with the requirements of7.6.2.NOTE 1Grade FR Class I shotcrete is intended to minimize plasticshrinkage cracking. Grade FR Class 2 shotcrete is intended to provide aminimum level of post-crack flexural load capacity f
19、or hardened shotcrete.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser shall specify the type, grade, and class (ifapplicable) of shotcrete required.NOTE 2A single material may meet more than one grade. Otherproperties may be specified by the purchaser, but are beyond the scope ofthis specification.5.2 At t
20、he request of the purchaser, the producer shall, priorto delivery, furnish laboratory performance data satisfactory tothe purchaser that the product meets the specified type andgrades.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Basic materials shall meet the requirements of Specifi-cation C 1436.6.2 Additional
21、materials shall be permitted only if adequatetest data are available to insure that the ingredient has nodeleterious effects on the specified properties.6.3 Aggregates shall be dried, without disintegration, to amoisture content of less than 0.2 mass percent, computed onmaterial dried substantially
22、to constant mass at 105 to 110 C210 to 230 F.6.4 Measurement of MaterialsMeasure materials in ac-cordance with 6.4.1-6.4.4.6.4.1 Cementitious materials and aggregates shall be mea-sured by mass (or by volume). Volumetric measurement shallbe calibrated by mass.6.4.2 Scales for batching ingredients sh
23、all conform to theapplicable section of the current edition of the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology Handbook 44 Specifi-cations, Tolerance, and Other Technical Requirements forCommercial Weighing Devices.6.4.3 Measure fibers by mass.6.4.4 Measure admixtures by mass or volume.6.5 Shotcre
24、te ingredients shall be thoroughly blended at acentral location. Mixer performance tests shall be performed toestablish the mixing time suitable for uniformity of mixing.Representative samples shall be obtained in accordance withPractice C 1385/C 1385M.6.6 DeliveryUnless otherwise specified, deliver
25、y of theshotcrete materials shall conform to 6.6.1-6.6.3.6.6.1 Thoroughly mix and deliver to the construction sitematerials without segregation or lumps of ingredients.6.6.2 Temperature of pre-blended, dry, combined materialsfor shotcrete at time of delivery shall not exceed 65 C 150F.6.6.3 Delivery
26、 shall be in any size package as agreedbetween the purchaser and producer.7. Physical Requirements7.1 Type FA shotcrete shall meet the requirements of Table1 when mixed and tested in accordance with the procedure formixing and testing high strength mortar in accordance withSpecification C 387/C 387M
27、.7.2 Type CA shotcrete shall meet the requirements of Table1 when mixed and tested in accordance with the procedures formixing and testing normal strength concrete in accordance withSpecification C 387/C 387M.7.3 Grade GU shotcrete shall meet the general requirementsfor type FA or type CA shotcrete.
28、7.4 Grade SR shotcrete shall have sulfate resistance asdetermined in one of the following ways:7.4.1 Product shall be prepared with a cement meetingSpecification C 150 types II or V, Specification C 595 cementswith an MS designation or Performance Specification C 1157types MS or HS7.4.2 Product shal
29、l exhibit an expansion of less than 0.1 %at 180 days when tested in accordance with applicable portionsof Test Method C 1012. Samples for testing shall be mixed andplaced in accordance with this specification.7.4.3 In Test Method C 1012 the samples are normallyprepared at a fixed water content using
30、 standard sand. Thoseportions of the method will not apply in this case7.5 Grade LP shotcrete shall have a chloride penetrabilityrating of “very low” ( 1000 coulombs) when tested at an ageof 28 days in accordance with Test Method C 1202. Specimensfor the test shall be either from laboratory prepared
31、 samplesmixed and placed in accordance with this specification or fromfield samples obtained in accordance with Practice C 1140 andTest Method C 1202.NOTE 3Due to the potential differences between laboratory and fieldconditions it may be necessary to test field samples in order to verifyperformance
32、with the applied material specifications. See appendix for adiscussion of expected field performance vs. laboratory performance forwet mix vs. dry mix shotcrete.7.6 Grade FR shotcrete shall have fiber reinforcement withthe following minimum requirements:7.6.1 Grade FR Class I shotcrete shall have a
33、minimum28-day average residual strength of 275 kPa 40 psi whentested in accordance with Test Method C 1399.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsProperty Requirement for TypeFARequirement for TypeCAFlow 105 to 115 - - -Slump - - - 50 to 75 mm 2 to 3in.7 day Compressive strength (min) 21.0 MPa 3000 psi 21.0 M
34、Pa 3000 psi28 day Compressive Strength(min)35.0 MPa 5000 psi 35.0 MPa 5000 psiC 1480/C 1480M 0727.6.2 Grade FR Class II shotcrete shall have a minimum28-day flexural strength of 4MPa 600 psi when 100 by 100 by350 mm specimens are tested in accordance with Test MethodC78and a minimum 28-day average r
35、esidual strength of 2MPa 300 psi when tested in accordance with Test MethodC 1399.8. Sampling and Specimen Preparation8.1 Samples of the finished product for testing shall beprovided by the manufacturer or obtained in the field prior tothe addition of water in accordance with Practice C 1385/C 1385M
36、.8.2 Specimens for testing for compliance with this specifi-cation shall be cast and tested in accordance with the applicableportions of Specification C 387/C 387M unless otherwisespecified within this specification.NOTE 4Specimens for testing mixtures for compliance with thisspecification are labor
37、atory mixtures cast in accordance to applicableportions of Specification C 387/C 387M, not mixtures that have beenshotcreted. The values of test results may be higher or lower than thevalues of test results from nominally similar mixtures that have beenshotcreted.9. Rejection9.1 The purchaser has th
38、e right to reject material that fails toconform to the requirements of this specification. Rejectionshall be reported to the producer of supplier promptly and inwriting.9.2 The seller has no control over the application of theshotcrete material; therefore unsatisfactory field performanceof the mater
39、ial shall not be used as a basis for rejection of theproduct.NOTE 5For instructions on the proper application of shotcrete refer toACI 506.24.10. Packaging and Package Marking10.1 All packages shall be identified as conforming toSpecification C 1480, and as to type, grade(s), and class (ifapplicable
40、) of shotcrete material and the net mass in eachpackage printed thereon.10.2 The yield in cubic metres cubic feet and the approxi-mate amount of water recommended for mixing shall bemarked on the package.NOTE 6The amount of water recommended shall be the amountrequired to produce a 50 to 75-mm 2 to
41、3-in. slump for Type CA or aflow of 105-115 for Type FA.11. Keywords11.1 average residual strength; compressive strength; drymix shotcrete; flexural strength; packaged shotcrete materials;pre-blended shotcrete materials; shotcrete; wet mix shotcreteAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DIFFERENCE
42、BETWEEN DRY-MIX AND WET-MIX SHOTCRETEX1.1 Dry mix shotcrete (also known as gunite) is typicallyplaced in the field at a water content that is 10 to 15 % lowerthan that required for laboratory testing. Therefore field per-formance of dry mix shotcrete under ideal conditions willprovide substantially
43、higher strengths than in the laboratory.X1.2 Wet mix shotcrete will be more likely to be placedwith a water content similar to that used in the laboratory. Wetmix shotcrete is sometimes modified at the nozzle by theaddition of a shotcrete accelerator. This can affect the in-placeresults.X2. FIELD TE
44、STINGX2.1 It is recommended that job mock-ups be prepared bythe contractor and tested prior to beginning a project toestablish the expected in-place performance that will beachieved with the specified product. ACI Committee 506provides extensive recommendations as to proper surfacepreparation and eq
45、uipment as well as nozzlemen certificationand proper shotcrete placement and curing procedures. Seereference ACI 506R5, 506.24, and CP-606, as well as PracticeC 1140.4ACI 506.2, “Specification for Shotcrete,” American Concrete Institute (ACI),P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.5ACI 506R-05, “
46、Guide to Shotcrete,” American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O.Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.6ACI CP-60, “Craftmans Workbook,” ACI Certification Program for ShotcreteNozzlemen, American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills,MI 48333.C 1480/C 1480M 073SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommitt
47、ee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 1480 00(2005), that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved February 1, 2007)(1) Converted the standard into a combined units standard. (2) Deleted paragraph 10.3.ASTM International takes
48、no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own respo
49、nsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your view
