1、Designation: C1480/C1480M 07 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forPackaged, Pre-Blended, Dry, Combined Materials for Use inWet or Dry Shotcrete Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1480/C1480M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of or
2、iginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers laboratory performance stan-dards
3、for pre-blended, dry, packaged, combined materials foruse in wet or dry shotcrete applications that are delivered to apurchaser with the ingredients uniformly mixed. The use ofsupplemental materials, placement, curing, or protection of theshotcrete after delivery to the purchaser is not addressed by
4、 thisspecification.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsshall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonco
5、nformance with thestandard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish app
6、ropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C150 Specification for Portland CementC387/C387M Specifica
7、tion for Packaged, Dry, CombinedMaterials for Concrete and High Strength MortarC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionC1140 Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens fromShotcrete Test PanelsC115
8、7 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of ConcretesAbility to Resist Chloride Ion PenetrationC1385/C1385M Practice for Sampling Materials for Shot-creteC1399 Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1436 Spe
9、cification for Materials for Shotcrete2.2 National Institute of Standards and Technology:Handbook 44 Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Techni-cal Requirements for Commercial Weighing Devices33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Packaged, pre-blended, dry, combin
10、ed materialsforuse in wet or dry shotcrete applications consist primarily ofhydraulic cement and concrete aggregates blended, in a drystate, with other ingredients to enhance one or more propertiesof the mixture.4. Classification4.1 Dry packaged shotcrete materials are categorized as totype and grad
11、e.4.1.1 Shotcrete type is based on aggregate size.4.1.2 Type FA shotcrete shall contain aggregate in accor-dance with the requirements of Specification C1436 Grading#1. Aggregates failing to comply with Grading #1 can be usedonly if preconstruction testing proves that they give satisfac-tory results
12、 or if acceptable service records are available.4.1.3 Type CA shotcrete shall contain coarse and fineaggregates in accordance with the requirements of Specifica-tion C1436, Grading No. 2. Aggregates failing to comply withGrading #2 can be used only if preconstruction testing provesthat they give sat
13、isfactory results or if acceptable servicerecords are available.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.46 on Shotcrete.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Or
14、iginallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1480 07. DOI:10.1520/C1480_C1480M-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the sta
15、ndards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC20402*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
16、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Shotcrete grade is based on the desired physical prop-erties of the material.4.2.1 Grade GU shotcrete is a general use product.4.2.2 Grade SR shotcrete has sulfate resistance in accor-dance with the requirements of 7.4
17、4.2.3 Grade LP shotcrete has permeability values in accor-dance with the requirements of 7.54.2.4 Grade FR shotcrete has average residual strengthvalues in accordance with the requirements of 7.6, Type I or II.4.2.4.1 Class I shotcrete has average residual strength val-ues in accordance with the req
18、uirements of 7.6.1.4.2.4.2 Class II shotcrete has flexural strength and averageresidual strength values in accordance with the requirements of7.6.2.NOTE 1Grade FR Class I shotcrete is intended to minimize plasticshrinkage cracking. Grade FR Class 2 shotcrete is intended to provide aminimum level of
19、post-crack flexural load capacity for hardened shotcrete.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser shall specify the type, grade, and class (ifapplicable) of shotcrete required.NOTE 2A single material may meet more than one grade. Otherproperties may be specified by the purchaser, but are beyond the
20、scope ofthis specification.5.2 At the request of the purchaser, the producer shall, priorto delivery, furnish laboratory performance data satisfactory tothe purchaser that the product meets the specified type andgrades.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Basic materials shall meet the requirements of Sp
21、ecifi-cation C1436.6.2 Additional materials shall be permitted only if adequatetest data are available to insure that the ingredient has nodeleterious effects on the specified properties.6.3 Aggregates shall be dried, without disintegration, to amoisture content of less than 0.2 mass percent, comput
22、ed onmaterial dried substantially to constant mass at 105 to 110 C210 to 230 F.6.4 Measurement of MaterialsMeasure materials in accor-dance with 6.4.1-6.4.4.6.4.1 Cementitious materials and aggregates shall be mea-sured by mass (or by volume). Volumetric measurement shallbe calibrated by mass.6.4.2
23、Scales for batching ingredients shall conform to theapplicable section of the current edition of the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology Handbook 44Specifications, Tolerance, and Other Technical Requirementsfor Commercial Weighing Devices.6.4.3 Measure fibers by mass.6.4.4 Measure admixtur
24、es by mass or volume.6.5 Shotcrete ingredients shall be thoroughly blended at acentral location. Mixer performance tests shall be performed toestablish the mixing time suitable for uniformity of mixing.Representative samples shall be obtained in accordance withPractice C1385/C1385M.6.6 DeliveryUnles
25、s otherwise specified, delivery of theshotcrete materials shall conform to 6.6.1-6.6.3.6.6.1 Thoroughly mix and deliver to the construction sitematerials without segregation or lumps of ingredients.6.6.2 Temperature of pre-blended, dry, combined materialsfor shotcrete at time of delivery shall not e
26、xceed 65 C 150F.6.6.3 Delivery shall be in any size package as agreedbetween the purchaser and producer.7. Physical Requirements7.1 Type FA shotcrete shall meet the requirements of Table1 when mixed and tested in accordance with the procedure formixing and testing high strength mortar in accordance
27、withSpecification C387/C387M.7.2 Type CA shotcrete shall meet the requirements of Table1 when mixed and tested in accordance with the procedures formixing and testing normal strength concrete in accordance withSpecification C387/C387M.7.3 Grade GU shotcrete shall meet the general requirementsfor typ
28、e FA or type CA shotcrete.7.4 Grade SR shotcrete shall have sulfate resistance asdetermined in one of the following ways:7.4.1 Product shall be prepared with a cement meetingSpecification C150 types II or V, Specification C595 cementswith an MS designation or Performance Specification C1157types MS
29、or HS7.4.2 Product shall exhibit an expansion of less than 0.1 %at 180 days when tested in accordance with applicable portionsof Test Method C1012. Samples for testing shall be mixed andplaced in accordance with this specification.7.4.3 In Test Method C1012 the samples are normallyprepared at a fixe
30、d water content using standard sand. Thoseportions of the method will not apply in this case7.5 Grade LP shotcrete shall have a chloride penetrabilityrating of “very low” ( 1000 coulombs) when tested at an ageof 28 days in accordance with Test Method C1202. Specimensfor the test shall be either from
31、 laboratory prepared samplesmixed and placed in accordance with this specification or fromfield samples obtained in accordance with Practice C1140 andTest Method C1202.NOTE 3Due to the potential differences between laboratory and fieldconditions it may be necessary to test field samples in order to
32、verifyperformance with the applied material specifications. See appendix for adiscussion of expected field performance vs. laboratory performance forwet mix vs. dry mix shotcrete.7.6 Grade FR shotcrete shall have fiber reinforcement withthe following minimum requirements:TABLE 1 Physical Requirement
33、sProperty Requirement for TypeFARequirement for TypeCAFlow 105 to 115 - - -Slump - - - 50 to 75 mm 2 to 3in.7 day Compressive strength (min) 21.0 MPa 3000 psi 21.0 MPa 3000 psi28 day Compressive Strength(min)35.0 MPa 5000 psi 35.0 MPa 5000 psiC1480/C1480M 07 (2012)27.6.1 Grade FR Class I shotcrete s
34、hall have a minimum28-day average residual strength of 275 kPa 40 psi whentested in accordance with Test Method C1399.7.6.2 Grade FR Class II shotcrete shall have a minimum28-day flexural strength of 4MPa 600 psi when 100 by 100 by350 mm specimens are tested in accordance with Test MethodC78 and a m
35、inimum 28-day average residual strength of 2 MPa300 psi when tested in accordance with Test Method C1399.8. Sampling and Specimen Preparation8.1 Samples of the finished product for testing shall beprovided by the manufacturer or obtained in the field prior tothe addition of water in accordance with
36、Practice C1385/C1385M.8.2 Specimens for testing for compliance with this specifi-cation shall be cast and tested in accordance with the applicableportions of Specification C387/C387M unless otherwise speci-fied within this specification.NOTE 4Specimens for testing mixtures for compliance with thissp
37、ecification are laboratory mixtures cast in accordance to applicableportions of Specification C387/C387M, not mixtures that have beenshotcreted. The values of test results may be higher or lower than thevalues of test results from nominally similar mixtures that have beenshotcreted.9. Rejection9.1 T
38、he purchaser has the right to reject material that fails toconform to the requirements of this specification. Rejectionshall be reported to the producer of supplier promptly and inwriting.9.2 The seller has no control over the application of theshotcrete material; therefore unsatisfactory field perf
39、ormanceof the material shall not be used as a basis for rejection of theproduct.NOTE 5For instructions on the proper application of shotcrete refer toACI 506.24.10. Packaging and Package Marking10.1 All packages shall be identified as conforming toSpecification C1480, and as to type, grade(s), and c
40、lass (ifapplicable) of shotcrete material and the net mass in eachpackage printed thereon.10.2 The yield in cubic metres cubic feet and the approxi-mate amount of water recommended for mixing shall bemarked on the package.NOTE 6The amount of water recommended shall be the amountrequired to produce a
41、 50 to 75-mm 2 to 3-in. slump for Type CA or aflow of 105-115 for Type FA.11. Keywords11.1 average residual strength; compressive strength; drymix shotcrete; flexural strength; packaged shotcrete materials;pre-blended shotcrete materials; shotcrete; wet mix shotcreteAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Informati
42、on)X1. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DRY-MIX AND WET-MIX SHOTCRETEX1.1 Dry mix shotcrete (also known as gunite) is typicallyplaced in the field at a water content that is 10 to 15 % lowerthan that required for laboratory testing. Therefore field per-formance of dry mix shotcrete under ideal conditions willprov
43、ide substantially higher strengths than in the laboratory.X1.2 Wet mix shotcrete will be more likely to be placedwith a water content similar to that used in the laboratory. Wetmix shotcrete is sometimes modified at the nozzle by theaddition of a shotcrete accelerator. This can affect the in-placere
44、sults.4ACI 506.2, “Specification for Shotcrete,” American Concrete Institute (ACI),P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.C1480/C1480M 07 (2012)3X2. FIELD TESTINGX2.1 It is recommended that job mock-ups be prepared bythe contractor and tested prior to beginning a project toestablish the expected
45、in-place performance that will beachieved with the specified product. ACI Committee 506provides extensive recommendations as to proper surfacepreparation and equipment as well as nozzlemen certificationand proper shotcrete placement and curing procedures. Seereference ACI 506R5, 506.24, and CP-606,
46、as well as PracticeC1140.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C1480 00(2005), that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved February 1, 2007)(1) Converted the standard into a combined units standard. (2)
47、 Deleted paragraph 10.3.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringe
48、ment of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard o
49、r for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple cop
