1、Designation: C14M 11Standard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and CulvertPipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinfor
3、ced concrete pipeintended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrialwastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specifi-cation C14.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-tion only and does not incl
4、ude requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load condition and the strength classification ofpipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance ofthis product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, typeof bedding and backfill, and care t
5、hat the installation conforms to theconstruction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlatethe field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for orrequire inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concret
6、e AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe andManholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or Tile MetricC595 Specific
7、ation for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concre
8、te andShotcrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This StandardFordefinitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see TerminologyC822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shallbe of three classes identified as “Class 1 NonreinforcedConcrete Pipe,” “C
9、lass 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and“Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The correspondingstrength requirements are prescribed in Table 1.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by theresults of the test prescribed in this section, when required, andby inspe
10、ction to determine whether the pipe conforms to thisspecification as to design and freedom from defects.5.2 Acceptance as to Strength PropertiesPipe shall beacceptable under the strength tests when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.3.5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption PropertiesPipe sha
11、ll beacceptable under the absorption test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.4.5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability PropertiesPipe shallbe acceptable under the permeability test when they have metthe requirements as prescribed in 10.5.NOTE 2Prior to purchase, the owner has the optio
12、n to specify thehydrostatic test prescribed in 10.6 instead of the permeability test.5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic PropertiesPipe shall beacceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.6.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
13、C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C14M 07. DOI:10.1520/C0014M-11.
14、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portla
16、ndblast-furnace slag cement, or slag modified portland cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595, except that the pozzolan constitutient inthe Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpeci
17、fication C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the
18、 following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace sl
19、ag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that the requirement for gradat
20、ion shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsOwner is not prohibited fromobtaining the record of mix design used.6.5 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypro-pylene fibers are permitted in concrete pipe as a nonstructuralmanufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers de-signed and
21、 manufactured specifically for use in concrete andconforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall beaccepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accor-dance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less thanthe value shown, except as affected by the tolerance
22、hereinspecified and by the provision for modified design.7.2 Modified or Special DesignManufacturers shall sub-mit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wallthicknesses other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shallmeet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 thatare spe
23、cified by the owner.8. Joints8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of theconcrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with thepermissible variations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be
24、sized, graded, propor-tioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitiousmaterials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the testand design requirements of this specification.All concrete shallhave a water-cementitious materials rat
25、io not exceeding 0.53by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280kg/m3unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materialscontent demonstrate that the quality and performance of thepipe meet the requirements of this s
26、pecification.9.2 CuringPipe shall be subjected to any one of themethods of curing described in 9.2.1 through 9.2.4 or to anyother method or combination of methods approved by theowner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall beadequately cured to obtain the strength properties as prescrib
27、edin 5.2.9.2.1 Steam CuringPipe shall be placed in a curingchamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moistatmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such timeand such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet theTABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced
28、Concrete PipeAInternal DesignatedDiameter, mmClass 1 Class 2 Class 3MinimumThickness of Wall,mmMinimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength, kN/linear mMinimumThickness of Wall,mmMinimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength, kN/linear mMinimumThickness of Wall,mmMinimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength, kN/linear m100 16 22.
29、0 19 29.0 19 35.0150 16 22.0 19 29.0 22 35.0200 19 22.0 22 29.0 29 35.0250 22 23.5 25 29.0 32 35.0300 25 26.5 35 33.0 44 38.0375 32 29.0 41 38.0 47 42.0450 38 32.0 50 44.0 57 48.0525 44 35.0 57 48.0 69 56.0600 54 38.0 75 52.5 85 64.0675 82 41.0 94 57.5 94 67.0750 88 44.0 107 63.0 107 69.5825 94 46.0
30、 113 64.0 113 71.0900 100 48.0 119 65.5 119 73.0ASubject to tolerance in Section 11.C14M 112strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so con-structed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entirepipe.9.2.2 Water CuringConcrete pipe shall be water-cured bycovering with water-satura
31、ted material or by a system ofperforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by anyother approved method that will keep the pipe moist during thespecified curing period.9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combiningthe methods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specifiedstr
32、ength is attained.9.2.4 Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conformingto the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibitedfrom being applied and left intact until the specified strengthrequirements are met. The concrete at the time of applicationshall be within 6C of the atmospheric temperature
33、. Allsurfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of thecompounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied.9.3 Specials:9.3.1 General RequirementsSpecial shapes or fittingssuch as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concretepipe conforming to this specification shall conform
34、to theapplicable requirements for concrete pipe of correspondingclass and internal diameter. Joints shall be compatible withthose used in adjoining concrete pipes.9.3.2 Fabricated BranchesFabricated branches for wyesand tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe insuch a manner as not t
35、o restrict or otherwise interfere with theflow characteristics of the pipe.10. Physical Requirements10.1 Test SpecimenThe specified number of pipe requiredfor the tests shall be furnished by the manufacturer and shall beselected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that wouldnot otherwise be re
36、jected under this specification. The selectionshall be made at the point or points designated by the ownerwhen placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed fromall visible moisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured andinspected. The results of these observations shall be recorded.10.2
37、Number and Type of Test Specimens RequiredThemanufacturer or seller shall furnish pipe for crushing andabsorption tests, up to 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each sizeincluded in the order, except that in no case shall less than twopipe be furnished. For the permeability test, 2 % of the numberof pi
38、pe of each size included in the order, but in no case lessthan two pipe shall be furnished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 %of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but inno case less than two pipe shall be furnished.10.3 External Load Crushing RequirementThe crushingstrength of nonr
39、einforced concrete pipe shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1. The individual results ofthe various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipmentand plant shall be tabulated separately. The crushing strengthshall ordinarily be applied to not less than 75 % of the pipereceived fo
40、r purpose of test. All tests shall be made inaccordance with Test Method C497M. Pipe shall be acceptablewhen all test pipe conform to the specified requirement. Shouldany of the test pipe provided in 10.2 fail to meet the strengthrequirement, the manufacturer will be allowed to test two pipefor each
41、 pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable onlywhen all of these additional test pipe meet the strengthrequirement.10.4 Absorption RequirementWhen required by theowner, an absorption test shall be performed by either TestMethod A or Test Method B in accordance with Test MethodsC497M for the
42、 boiling absorption test. Absorption shall notexceed 9 % for Test MethodAor 8.5 % for Test Method B. Theindividual results of the various tests for each size of pipe andfor each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately. Alltests shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497M.The number
43、of absorption test specimens shall be equal to thenumber of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. Thesespecimens shall be obtained from pipe that are acceptable as tostrength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making thestrength test after the test is made. These specimens shall bemarked w
44、ith the number or identification mark of the pipe fromwhich they were taken. Each Test Method A specimen shallhave an area of 77 to 129 cm2, as measured on one surface ofthe pipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, and shall befree of visible cracks. Pipe shall be acceptable when all testpipe c
45、onform to the specified absorption requirements.10.5 Permeability RequirementWhen subjected to thepermeability test, as specified in Test Methods C497M, theouter pipe surface of not less than 80 % of the pipe tested shallshow no moist or damp spots at the end of the test period dueto water passing t
46、hrough the walls of the pipe.10.6 Hydrostatic RequirementWhen subjected to the hy-drostatic test, as described in Test Methods C497M, the pipeshall show no leakage during 10 min at 70 kPa. Moistureappearing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches orbeads adhering to the surface shall not b
47、e considered leakage.The test pipe shall be filled with water and held under 70 kPapressure for 24 h prior to the test, except that the manufactureris not prohibited from reducing this presoak time or pressure,or both. The manufacturer is not prohibited from continuingthis test up to 24 h, and the p
48、ipe will be considered to havepassed when, during any 10-min period, no leakage is ob-served. When the hydrostatic requirement is used for accep-tance of the pipe joint as specified in Section 10 of Specifica-tion C443M, it is not prohibited to use the same joint test runsas the basis of acceptance
49、for pipe hydrostatic requirements inaccordance with 5.5 and 10.6 of this specification.10.7 RetestShould more than 20 % of the samples fail tomeet the specified requirements for the permeability or notmore than 20 % of the samples fail to meet the specifiedrequirement for absorption or hydrostatic requirements of thissection, it is not prohibited for the manufacturer to cull hisstock and may eliminate whatever any of pipe and must somark those pipe that will not be shipped. The required testsshall be made on the balance of the order and they areacce
