1、Designation: C14M 14C14M 15Standard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and CulvertPipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification cover
3、s nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes,storm water, and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C14.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and do
4、es not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of thisproduct depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfil
5、l, and care that the installation conforms to the constructionspecifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspectionat the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specificati
6、on for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)C494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Me
7、thods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for
8、 Use in Concrete and MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This StandardFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification s
9、hall be of three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced ConcretePipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and “Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding strengthrequirements are prescribed in Table 1.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined
10、by the results of the test prescribed in this section, when required, and byinspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibi
11、lity of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-ReinforcedConcrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2015. Published March 2014January 2015. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 asC14M 11.C14M 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0014M-14.10.1520/C0014M
12、-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended onl
13、y to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versi
14、onof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Acceptance as to Strength PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have
15、met the requirementsas prescribed in 10.3.5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the absorption test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.4.5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the permeability test when they h
16、ave met therequirements as prescribed in 10.5.NOTE 2Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.6 instead of the permeability test.5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met thereq
17、uirements as prescribed in 10.6.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag
18、 cement, or slag modified portland cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595, except that the pozzolan constitutient in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Cl
19、ass F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.
20、1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A
21、combination of portland cement, fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and ground granulatedblast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33, except that the requirement for gradation shall not
22、 apply.6.4 Admixtures and blends shall conform to Specification C494.6.5 Synthetic fibers and Non-Synthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipe as anonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Typ
23、e I) designed andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1.Wall thickness used shall be not less than the valueshown, except as affected b
24、y the tolerance herein specified and by the provision for modified design.TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete PipeAInternal DesignatedDiameter, mmClass 1 Class 2 Class 3MinimumThickness of Wall,mmMinimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength, kN/linear mMinimumThickness of
25、Wall,mmMinimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength, kN/linear mMinimumThickness of Wall,mmMinimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength, kN/linear m100 16 22.0 19 29.0 19 35.0150 16 22.0 19 29.0 22 35.0200 19 22.0 22 29.0 29 35.0250 22 23.5 25 29.0 32 35.0300 25 26.5 35 33.0 44 38.0375 32 29.0 41 38.0 47 42.0450 38 32.
26、0 50 44.0 57 48.0525 44 35.0 57 48.0 69 56.0600 54 38.0 75 52.5 85 64.0675 82 41.0 94 57.5 94 67.0750 88 44.0 107 63.0 107 69.5825 94 46.0 113 64.0 113 71.0900 100 48.0 119 65.5 119 73.0ASubject to tolerance in Section 11.C14M 1527.2 Modified or Special DesignManufacturers shall submit to the owner
27、for approval, prior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that are specified bythe owner.8. Joints8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed, that
28、the pipe can be laid togetherto make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materialsand water as will produce a homogeneous
29、 concrete mixture materials, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixedconcrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification.All concrete shall havea water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitiou
30、s materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shallbe added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m3 unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materials contentdemonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of this specification.9.2 CuringPipe shall be sub
31、jected to any one of the methods of curing described in 9.2.1 through 9.2.4 or to any other methodor combination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be adequately cured to obtainthe strength properties as prescribed in 5.2.9.2.1 Steam CuringPipe shall
32、 be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmospheremaintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the strengthrequirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of s
33、team around the entire pipe.9.2.2 Water CuringConcrete pipe shall be water-cured by covering with water-saturated material or by a system of perforatedpipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specifiedcuring period.9.2.3 The
34、manufacturer is not prohibited from combining the methods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specifiedstrength is attained.9.2.4 Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibited frombeing applied and left intact until the specified stren
35、gth requirements are met.The concrete at the time of application shall be within6C of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be dampwhen the compound is applied.9.3 Specials:9.3.1 General RequirementsSpecial shapes or fitting
36、s such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete pipeconforming to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding class and internaldiameter. Joints shall be compatible with those used in adjoining concrete pipes.9.3.2 Fabricated Bra
37、nchesFabricated branches for wyes and tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe in such amanner as not to restrict or otherwise interfere with the flow characteristics of the pipe.10. Physical Requirements10.1 Test SpecimenThe specified number of pipe required for the tests shall be fu
38、rnished by the manufacturer and shall beselected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selection shallbe made at the point or points designated by the owner when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from all visi
39、blemoisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured and inspected. The results of these observations shall be recorded.10.2 Number and Type of Test Specimens RequiredThe manufacturer or seller shall furnish pipe for crushing and absorptiontests, up to 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size included
40、 in the order, except that in no case shall less than two pipe befurnished. For the permeability test, 2 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less than two pipeshall be furnished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the
41、 order, but in no case less thantwo pipe shall be furnished.10.3 External Load Crushing RequirementThe crushing strength of nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipment and
42、plantshall be tabulated separately.The crushing strength shall ordinarily be applied to not less than 75 % of the pipe received for purposeof test. All tests shall be made in accordance with Test Method C497M. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipe conform to thespecified requirement. Should an
43、y of the test pipe provided in 10.2 fail to meet the strength requirement, the manufacturer will beallowed to test two pipe for each pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only when all of these additional test pipe meetthe strength requirement.10.4 Absorption RequirementWhen required by
44、 the owner, an absorption test shall be performed by either Test Method A orTest Method B in accordance with Test Methods C497M for the boiling absorption test. Absorption shall not exceed 9 % for TestC14M 153Method A or 8.5 % for Test Method B. The individual results of the various tests for each s
45、ize of pipe and for each shipment andplant shall be tabulated separately.All tests shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497M. The number of absorption testspecimens shall be equal to the number of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. These specimens shall be obtained from pipethat
46、are acceptable as to strength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making the strength test after the test is made. Thesespecimens shall be marked with the number or identification mark of the pipe from which they were taken. Each Test Method Aspecimen shall have an area of 77 to 129 cm2, as measur
47、ed on one surface of the pipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, andshall be free of visible cracks. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipe conform to the specified absorption requirements.10.5 Permeability RequirementWhen subjected to the permeability test, as specified in Test Methods C
48、497M, the outer pipesurface of not less than 80 % of the pipe tested shall show no moist or damp spots at the end of the test period due to water passingthrough the walls of the pipe.10.6 Hydrostatic RequirementWhen subjected to the hydrostatic test, as described in Test Methods C497M, the pipe shal
49、lshow no leakage during 10 min at 70 kPa. Moisture appearing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches or beads adheringto the surface shall not be considered leakage. The test pipe shall be filled with water and held under 70 kPa pressure for 24 h priorto the test, except that the manufacturer is not prohibited from reducing this presoak time or pressure, or both. The manufactureris not prohibited from continuing this test up to 24 h, and the pipe will be considered to have passed when, during any 10-minperiod, no leakage is observed. Whe
