1、Designation: C1504M 04 (Reapproved 2010)C1504M 13Standard Specification forManufacture of Precast Reinforced Concrete Three-SidedStructures for Culverts and Storm Drains (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1504M; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast conv
3、entionally reinforced concrete three-sided structures intended to be usedfor the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C1504; therefore, no imperial equivalents are presented in thisspecification.NOTE 1This sp
4、ecification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. The successful performance of this product depends upon theproper selection of the geometric section, bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The purchaser ofthe precast rein
5、forced concrete three-sided structure specified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the loading conditions and the fieldrequirements with the geometric section specified and provide for inspection at the construction site.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units a
6、re to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A82
7、/A82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete ReinforcementA185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for ConcreteA496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete ReinforcementA497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, f
8、or ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA616/A616M Specification for Rail-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 1999)3A617/A617M Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcemen
9、t (Withdrawn 1999)3A706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete
10、 SpecimensC150 Specification for Portland CementC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile MetricC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Ceme
11、ntsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete1 This specif
12、ication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved July 1, 2010Feb. 15, 2013. Published August 2010March 2013. Originally approved in 2
13、001. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 asC1504M 042. (2010). DOI: 10.1520/C1504M-04R10.10.1520/C1504M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the
14、 standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous v
15、ersion. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Internat
16、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 AASHTO Standard:Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms, see Terminology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete three-sided structures manufa
17、ctured in accordance with this specification shall be designated byspan, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the three-sided sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of theconcrete compressive strength tests described in Se
18、ction 10, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspectionof the finished three-sided sections.5.2 Three-sided sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6. Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concret
19、e shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be por
20、tlandblast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595, except that thepozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class
21、 C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall beone of the following:(1) Portland cement only
22、,(2) Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,(3) Slag modified portland cement only,(4) Portland pozzolan cement only,(5) A combination of portland cement and fly ash,(6) A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag,(7) A combination of portland cement, ground granulated
23、 blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25% of the total cementitiousweight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25% of the total cementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and bl
24、ends may be used with the approval of the purchaser.6.4.1 Air Entraining AdmixturesAir entraining will be required on all products produced with positive slump, wet-castconcrete and shall conform to the requirements of Specification C494/C494M.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of we
25、lded wire reinforcement conforming to Specifications A185/A185Mor A497/A497M or deformed and plain steel bars for reinforced concrete conforming to Specification A615/A615M, Grade 60,A616/A616M, or A617/A617M. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may consist of welded wire reinforcement or deform
26、edbillet-steel bars conforming to Specification A615/A615M, Grade 60.NOTE 2This specification does not address reinforcement with prestressing strand or any other form of pre-tensioning or post-tensioning.6.6 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers may be used, at the manufa
27、cturers option, in three-sidedstructures as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifically for usein concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.7. Design7.1 Design CriteriaThe three-sided section
28、s dimensions and reinforcement details shall be as required by design, inaccordance with Section 17.8 of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. The minimum concrete compressivestrength shall be 35 MPa, and the minimum steel yield strength shall be 445 MPa for welded-wire reinforceme
29、nt and 411 MPafor deformed billet-steel bars.4 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.C1504M 1327.2 Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 25 mm, sub
30、ject to theprovisions of Section 11. The clear distance of the end circumferential wires shall be not less than 13 mm nor more than 50 mmfrom the ends of each section. For three-sided sections covered by less than 0.6 m of fill, minimum cover for the reinforcementin the top of the top slab shall be
31、50 mm, subject to the provisions of Section 11. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizing anycombination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement, not to exceed three layers or utilizing single or multiplelayers of deformed billet steel bars, not to exceed two layers. The welded-wi
32、re reinforcement on 7.3 shall be composed ofcircumferential and longitudinal wires meeting the spacing requirements of 7.3 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wiresextending through the three-sided section to maintain the shape and position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distributionreinforcem
33、ent may be welded-wire reinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.3. Theends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall not be more than 50 mm from the ends of a three-sided section. Theexposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and space
34、rs used to position the reinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.7.3 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. For welded wirereinforcement, the overlap measured between the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet or the o
35、utermost barsshall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wires plus 50 mm but not less than 250 mm. For splices of deformed billetsteel bars, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO. The outside circumferential reinforcement in the top slab shallbe continuous with or be lapped w
36、ith the outside circumferential reinforcement in the sides. If welds are made to welded wirereinforcement circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not less than 450mm apart along the longitudinal axis of the three-sided section. When spacers a
37、re welded to circumferential wires, they shall bewelded only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires. No welds shall bemade to the inside circumferential wires in the middle third of the top span. No welds shall be made to the outside circumf
38、erentialwires in the top span within one fourth of the span from the corners or in any location in either leg. Welding of deformed billetsteel bar circumferential reinforcement is prohibited in all cases. When distribution reinforcement is to be fastened to a cage bywelding, it shall be welded only
39、to longitudinal wires or bars and only near the ends of the three-sided section. The spacing centerto center of the circumferential (wires) reinforcement shall not be less than 50 mm nor more than 100 mm for welded wirereinforcement or less than 50 mm nor more than 200 mm for deformed billet steel b
40、ars. The spacing center to center of thelongitudinal reinforcement shall not be more than 200 mm for welded wire reinforcement or more than 300 mm for deformed billetsteel bars. If welds are made to Grade 60 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706M shall be used.8. Join
41、ts8.1 The precast reinforced concrete three-sided structures shall be produced with tongue and groove ends, flat butt ends orkey-way ends. The ends shall be of such design and the ends of the three-sided sections so formed that each section can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of sections c
42、ompatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materialsand water as will produce a homogeneousthoroughly-mixed concrete mixture of such quality that each sect
43、ion will conform to thetest and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53by weights. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m3unless mix de
44、signs with a lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the three-sidedsections meet the requirements of this specification.9.2 CuringThe three-sided sections shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete will develop the requiredcompre
45、ssive strength by the time of delivery. Any one of the following methods of curing or combinations thereof may be used:9.2.1 Steam CuringThe three-sided section may be low pressure, steam-cured by a system that will maintain a moistatmosphere.9.2.2 Water CuringThe three-sided section may be water-cu
46、red by any method that will keep the sections moist.9.2.3 Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of Specification C309 may be applied and shallbe left intact until the required concrete compressive strength is attained. The concrete temperature at the time of application sh
47、allbe within 6C of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shallbe damp when the compound is applied.9.3 FormsThe forms used in manufacture shall be sufficiently rigid and accurate to maintain the three-sided sectiondimensions withi
48、n the permissible variations given in Section 11. All casting surfaces shall be smooth nonporous material.9.4 HandlingHandling devices or holes shall be permitted in each three-sided section for the purpose of handling and laying.10. Physical Requirements10.1 Type of Test SpecimenCompression tests f
49、or determining concrete compressive strength may be made on either standardrodded concrete cylinders or concrete cylinders compacted and cured in like manner as the structure compacted and cured in likemanner as the three-sided section, or on cores drilled from the three-sided section.C1504M 13310.2 Compression Testing of Cylinders:10.2.1 Cylinders shall be obtained and tested for compressive strength in accordance with the provisions of Practice C31/C31Mand Test Method C39/C39M, except that the cylinders may be prepared by methods comparable to tho
